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We are leaving traces on the surface of earth, and have been doing so, for a long time. However, for the last 300 years or so, we seem not only to be leaving traces, but objects foreign to our system on an abnormal scale. Traces that are not obvious to the eye, but hidden behind the obviousness of the present. They can be found in the air, in the water, in the rings of the trees or in the glaciers of Greenland.  What will be left after us? In a search of time and traces, to come closer to an understanding of how time passes, I have looked into man made objects. Objects, that have been constructed with time written differently into their structures. These ideas have been implemented in a geographical focal point in the area of Rosenlund sand banks, by lake Vättern, Sweden. From an architect’s point of view I have tried to understand the present that we are now dealing with, the Anthropocene, its implications and the impact of what we create as humans. This, by reconnecting a past and a future to the present through speculation, and by letting the ground play a major part as a mute, inverted infinity with all its layers bearing witness of a past that once laid super strata.

Strong social relationships consistently predict the quality of both physical and mental health. Society commonly recognizes the marriage relationship as one of the most committed, enduring relationships. While marital status alone can strongly predict health, it appears that moderating factors exist in this association. The quality of one's marriage can have a greater effect on health than marital status alone. We conducted a meta-analysis examining the strength of the influence that marital quality has on physical health, specifically indicated by mortality rates. To identify relevant articles, we searched multiple online databases (Embase, Psycinfo, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and Academic Search Ultimate) up to May, 2021. We included studies that had a measure of marital quality linked with a measure of mortality. We identified 23 articles, with a combined total of 73,492 participants. We pre-registered this analysis with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Registration #CRD42020145352. Members of the research team coded each relevant article for the variables in the study. We then analyzed the data using random effects models. Results indicated that a statistically significant relationship exists between marital quality and survival across all studies reviewed, with high-quality marriage being positively associated with improved survival rates (OR = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.48, p = .003, n = 10, HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.26, p = .004, n = 12). Moderation analyses identified that the association tended to be much stronger when studies evaluated patients with a physical illness than when studies involved community samples with ostensibly normal levels of physical health. Thus the influence of marital quality on longevity is most pronounced when one of the spouses has poor health. These results support an increased focus on marital considerations in psychology, public health, and medical care.

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付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23746号 / 理博第4836号 / 新制||理||1691(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 伊谷 原一, 教授 村山 美穂 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Official type classification data recorded by the Holstein Friesian Association of America from January, 1967 to June, 1974 and DHIA production data recorded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture from January, 1960 to May, 1974 were evaluated as progeny tests to ascertain the relationship between body conformation and longevity and wearability of dairy cows. Data for 788 sires with at least 20 daughters in 10 herds with classification information and at least 30 daughters with production information was used. Means for type and production were daughter final score 80.1, predicted difference milk (PDM) -136, lifetime production 55,919 lb., production per day of productive life (PDL) 44A lb/day, age at last calving (AGE) 60. 1 mo., and percentage completing four lactations, 48.4%. Correlations between PDT and scorecard and descriptive traits were positive and highly significant (P < .01). Most of the relationships between PDM and type traits were negative and highly significant (P < .01) with the exception of dairy character which was positive ( .27). Longevity traits were lowly correlated with PDT and generally negative but were highly positively correlated with PDM. Correlations were low between longevity traits and descriptive and scorecard traits ranging from -.23 between PDL and rump to .21 between age and head. Regression of type and production traits on longevity traits indicated that PDM was the best predictor of LTP (R² = .28) and PCT 4 (R² = .12); however, the combined descriptive traits are the best predictor of PDL (R² = .12) and AGE (R² = .10). The best type indicators of longevity appeared to be dairy character, mammary system, udder quality, udder support and floor, teat site and placement, stature, fore udder, and rump. / Master of Science

Introdução: Centenários são indivíduos que atingiram um século de vida, ou seja, viveram cerca de 20 anos a mais do que a expectativa de vida média da população de países desenvolvidos e 25 anos a mais do que em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Eles fazem parte do segmento populacional que mais cresce no mundo, sendo estimados aproximadamente 3,8 milhões de idosos nessa faixa etária até a metade deste século. O entendimento das bases da longevidade e do envelhecimento saudável ainda permanece como grande desafio das ciências biológicas no século 21. Objetivos: 1) Conhecimento das características físicas, cognitivas, psíquicas, funcionais e nutricionais da população de centenários presentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP. 2) Comparar os diversos resultados obtidos entre os centenários com e sem síndrome demencial, desnutridos e não-desnutridos e com independência ou dependência funcional para Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVDs) pela escala de KATZ. 3) Analisar a expressão gênica transcricional (por qPCR em tempo real) dos genes de interesse IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, APOE-4, FOXO1 e FOXO3, em linfócitos de sangue periférico dos idosos centenários. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com idosos centenários residentes em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram obtidas as medidas de peso, altura e pressão arterial, bem como a bioimpedância elétrica. Foi realizada avaliação geriátrica global, por meio de diversas escalas consagradas e análise do desempenho físico e do risco nutricional desses centenários. Numa segunda oportunidade, os pacientes receberam a visita, em jejum, para a coleta de exames laboratoriais, que foram enviados para análise da expressão genética dos genes de interesse. Resultados e Conclusões: Dos 59 centenários residentes na cidade, foram avaliados 33, com média de idade de 101 anos, sendo 27 (81,8%) do sexo feminino, 12 deles (36%) com capacidade cognitiva preservada, assim como independência para ABVDs. Quatorze (58,3%) dos pacientes que responderam a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica não apresentaram sintomas de depressão e demonstraram autopercepção de saúde satisfatória. Do ponto de vista nutricional, 33,3% deles puderam ser classificados como desnutrição instalada, por meio da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN), aumentando para 84,8%, se somados aqueles em risco nutricional. O desempenho físico dos idosos, medido por meio da Short Physical Performance Battery, está significativamente correlacionado, de maneira inversa, ao Fator de Necrose Tumoral, à Interleucina-6, PCR ultra sensível, alfa 1 glicoproteína ácida, velocidade de hemossedimentação e Homocisteína, assim como, de maneira direta, à albumina e ao HDL Colesterol. Os centenários apresentaram elevadas taxas de deficiência de vitamina D e aumento de Homocisteína. Os resultados mostraram que na população estudada não houve diferença significativa na expressão dos genes IGF1R, IGF1, FOXO1, FOXO3 e APOE-4 na comparação entre os grupos demência e não-demência, entre os grupos independência e dependência para ABVDs e entre os desnutridos e não-desnutridos. Houve tendência de diferença na expressão do gene IGF1 entre os grupos demência e não-demência (p=0.07) / Introduction: Centenarians are individuals who have reached one century of life. They live about 20 years longer than the population average life expectancy of developed countries and 25 years longer than developing countries like Brazil. They are part of the fastest growing population segment in the world and it is estimated about 3.8 million seniors in this age group by mid-century. Understanding the longevity basis and the healthy aging remain as great challenges of life sciences in the 21st century. Objectives: 1) The knowledge of physical, cognitive, psychological, functional and nutritional status of Ribeirão Preto centenarians. 2) Compare results between centenarians with and without dementia, malnourished or not, and independent for basic activities daily living (BADL) or not. 3) Analyze the transcriptional gene expression (by real-time PCR) of genes IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, APOE-4, FOXO1 and FOXO3 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians. Casuistic and Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study of community-dwelling centenarians living in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Ages were confirmed by birth certificate. Weight, height and blood pressure measurements were obtained, as well the bioimpedance, the global geriatric assessment through various consecrated scales, the physical performance and nutritional risk of centenarians. A second chance, patients received one visit for the collection of fasting laboratory tests and sending the genetic material for analysis of gene expression. Results and Conclusions: Thirty three centenarians with an average age of 101 years, 27 (81.8%) of them were females, 12 (36%) of them with no dementia and independent for BADLs. Fourteen (58.3%) of volunteers who responded the Geriatric Depression Scale showed no symptoms of depression and 14 had the same self-perception of satisfactory health. Regarding nutrition state, 33.3% of patients could be classified as installed malnutrition by the Mini Nutritional Assessment, rising to 84.8% if we add those at nutritional risk. The performance measured by Short Physical Performance Battery was inversely correlated to the Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-6, ultra sensitive PCR, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, ESR and homocysteine, and as a direct manner correlated to albumin and HDL Cholesterol. The centenarians showed high levels of vitamin D deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. The results showed no significant difference in the IGF1R, IGF1, FOXO1, FOXO3 and APOE-4 expression between Dementia and No dementia groups, between Independent and Dependent groups for BADL and between Malnourished and no malnourished groups. There is a tendency of difference in the expression of IGF1 gene between Dementia and No dementia groups (p=0.07)