Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-91). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Boston University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [262]-285).

This thesis aimed to address two main questions. First, considering that personality is frequently associated with cognitive abilities in humans, do chimpanzees’ personalities and cognitive capacities covary in ways similar to what is observed in humans, as well as older evolutionary cousins, rhesus macaques? Second, given that human and animal personality have previously been shown to relate to health and longevity, does personality in chimpanzees also relate to various measures of health? Chapter 1 provides an introduction to and brief history of comparative personality psychology, particularly in the context of intelligence research and psychosomatic medicine. Chapter 2 describes three studies with a group of 19 zoo-housed chimpanzees who interacted with touchscreen tasks over the course of 3 years of research. We found that high Conscientious chimpanzees were more likely to stick with the tasks, and performed better as a results, but once their extra experience was taken into account, their performance advantage disappeared. However, we also found associations between better interest and performance with high Openness, high Extraversion, and low Agreeableness. In Chapter 3 we examine performance in conjunction with personality, with 9 rhesus macaques. The macaques also engaged with touchscreen tasks, but were expert subjects and displayed plateau performance. We found consistent associations between many measures of performance and both high Openness and high Friendliness (which is similar to Extraversion). With Chapter 4 we transition to our studies of personality and health. Chapter 4 examines personality and longevity in a sample of 538 personality rated, captive chimpanzees. These chimpanzees were followed for between 6 and 23 years after being rated. We found that high Agreeableness chimpanzees were more likely to live longer, but no other personality traits had a significant impact on longevity. In Chapter 5, we compared biomarkers from samples of 177 chimpanzees housed at the Yerkes National Primate Research Centre, and 29,314 humans from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Both samples had been tested for the most common haematological and metabolic blood biomarkers, and we used these to assess stress in the form of allostatic load, between species. We found a similar structure of biomarkers in across humans and chimpanzees. In Chapter 6, we took our allostatic load measure from chapter 5 and looked at how it was associated with personality, in the same chimpanzee sample from the Yerkes Primate Centre, and in the longitudinal Midlife in the United States and Midlife in Japan biomarker study samples, which consisted of 993 and 382 individuals, respectively. We found that Agreeableness was associated with allostatic load in both human samples, whereas Dominance was associated with allostatic load in chimpanzees. Finally, Chapter 7 summarises the results presented in these five empirical chapters, and places our findings in the context of the existing literature. We discuss the limitations of the research, and offer some suggestions for future study.

Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2013-09-03T11:44:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Estimativas de expectativa de vida livre de e com incapacidade funcional.pdf: 402198 bytes, checksum: 3cd06b701823474394a0826182cf3dcf (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2013-09-03T15:33:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Estimativas de expectativa de vida livre de e com incapacidade funcional.pdf: 402198 bytes, checksum: 3cd06b701823474394a0826182cf3dcf (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-03T15:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Estimativas de expectativa de vida livre de e com incapacidade funcional.pdf: 402198 bytes, checksum: 3cd06b701823474394a0826182cf3dcf (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro / A popula????o idosa tende a apresentar, proporcionalmente, um maior n??mero de doen??as cr??nicas que, conseq??entemente, levam a maior preval??ncia de incapacidade funcional e depend??ncia. Considerando esta realidade, o objetivo do presente estudo foi medir, para os idosos da cidade de S??o Paulo, em 2000, por sexo e idade, a expectativa de vida livre de e com incapacidade funcional. No ??ltimo caso, foram mensurados os anos a serem vividos com e sem depend??ncia. Para estimar a expectativa de vida em cada condi????o de sa??de, foi utilizado o m??todo de Sullivan, combinando a t??bua de vida, com experi??ncia de mortalidade corrente na popula????o em 2000, e a preval??ncia de incapacidade funcional e de depend??ncia. As informa????es empregadas foram obtidas a partir de tr??s fontes de dados: Projeto SABE, Funda????o SEADE e Censo Demogr??fico. Os resultados indicaram que, em 2000, ao atingir os 60 anos, os homens paulistanos podiam esperar viver, em m??dia, 17,6 anos, dos quais 14,6 (83%) seriam vividos livres de incapacidade funcional. J?? entre as mulheres, apenas 16,4 anos (73,7%), dos 22,2 anos remanescentes, seriam vividos livres de incapacidade funcional. Nesse mesmo contexto, entre os homens, 1,55 ano (8,8%) seria vivido com incapacidade funcional e depend??ncia contra 2,5 anos (11,1%) das mulheres. Adicionalmente, pode-se observar que, apesar de em termos absolutos a diferen??as entre os sexos diminu??rem com o avan??ar da idade, em termos relativos as diferen??as se ampliam, com maior desvantagem feminina. Concluiu-se este trabalho ressaltando que, apesar das mulheres idosas paulistanas apresentarem maior expectativa de vida, em rela????o aos homens, a propor????o de anos vividos livre de incapacidade funcional ?? menor. Al??m disso, nas idades mais avan??adas, essas passar??o um n??mero maior de anos com incapacidade funcional e depend??ncia. / The elderly population shows a higher number of chronic illnesses compared to any other age group and, therefore, a higher prevalence of functional disabilities and dependence. Given that, the aim of this study was to estimate, for the elderly of the Municipality of S??o Paulo in the year 2000, for each sex and age, the life expectancy free of functional disability and with functional disability, using the Sullivan???s Method. In this latter case, the remaining years to be lived with and without dependence were also estimated. Data came from three sources: the SABE database, Population Censuses, and mortality statistics (from SEADE Foundation). The main results are as follows: at age 60, men could expect to live an additional 17.6 years. Out of these, 14.6 were expected to be free of functional disabilities. For women, these figures were 22.2 and 16.4, respectively. For men, 1.55 year could be expected to be lived with functional disability and dependence, and for women this figure was higher, 2.5 years. Another finding was that in absolute numbers the sex-difference is shortened with age, but in relative terms this trend is reversed, and there is a female-disadvantage. In conclusion, even though women show a higher life expectancy, the percentage of years free of functional disability, compared to men, is smaller. Also women will live a higher number of years with functional disability and dependence. / Sa??de

Submitted by Nara Santos Araujo (nara_araujo@zipmail.com.br) on 2016-09-28T20:09:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Nara Santos Araujo.pdf: 3769593 bytes, checksum: efd38e62dff5d94af299b150da909c79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-30T19:30:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ns_me_araca_par.pdf: 980478 bytes, checksum: ef94fb63c6137b27c1acf16f4d0c9ab8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T19:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ns_me_araca_par.pdf: 980478 bytes, checksum: ef94fb63c6137b27c1acf16f4d0c9ab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivo: Avaliar, através de um estudo clínico prospectivo, a influência de laminados cerâmicos, cimentados sobre dentes sem a realização do término cervical, sobre o comportamento da margem gengival. Materiais e Métodos: Setenta dentes restaurados com laminados cerâmicos foram avaliados. Dentes vizinhos ou antagonistas não restaurados foram utilizados como controle. Os fatores de estudo foram o tratamento realizado, o biótipo gengival e o tempo de análise (T) em 7 níveis [T0 (previamente ao tratamento), T7 ( 7 dias após cimentação), T15 (15 dias), T30 (30 dias), T60 (60 dias), T120 (120 dias), e T180 (180 dias após cimentação). As variáveis de resposta foram o índice gengival (IG), o índice de placa (IP) e a recessão gengival, recebendo escores, de forma qualitativa e decrescente (Alfa, Beta, Charlie e Delta), segundo a condição clínica. Fotografias digitais foram obtidas em cada tempo de análise. Resultados: A análise dos grupos restaurado e controle mostrou maior prevalência de elementos conceituados “Alfa” para as variáveis IG e IP. Menos registros em “Beta’ e “Charlie” foram observados no grupo restaurado, demostrando com isso um menor acúmulo de placa nas superfícies restauradas. O sobrecontorno horizontal nos dentes restaurados não aumentou a ocorrência de inflamação na margem gengival em relação ao grupo controle, e 100% da amostra não apresentou recessão gengival após 180 dias de acompanhamento clínico. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, observa-se que a presença de sobrecontorno horizontal nos dentes restaurados não alterou o posicionamento vertical da margem gengival e não ocasionou inflamação periodontal clinicamente perceptível. O biótipo gengival não influenciou nos resultados. / Purpose: To evaluate, through a prospective clinical study, the influence of ceramic veneers, cemented on teeth without cervical finish line, on the behavior of the gingival margin Materials and Methods: Seventy teeth with ceramic laminate veneers were evaluated. Neighboring unrestored teeth were used as control. The study factors were the treatment, the gingival biotype and the time analysis (T) on 7 levels [T0 (prior to treatment), T7 (7 days after cementation), T15 (15 days), T30 (30 days), T60 (60 days) T120 (120 days), and T180 (180 days after cementation)]. The response variables were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and gingival recession, getting scores (Alfa, Beta, Charlie and Delta), according to the clinical condition. Digital photographs were taken in each time. Results: The analysis of the restored and control groups showed a higher prevalence of reputable elements "Alfa" for GI and PI variables. Lower records in "Beta" and "Charlie" were observed in the restored group, showing less plaque buildup in the restored surfaces. The horizontal overcontouring of restorations, did not increase the occurrence of inflammation of the gingival margin in the restored group compared to the control group, and 100% of the sample obtained concept "Alfa" to the variable gingival recession after 180 days of clinical follow-up. Conclusion: The presence of horizontal overcontouring did not change the vertical position of the gingival margin and did not cause a clinically perceptible periodontal inflammation. The gingival biotype did not influence the results. / FAPESP: 2014/11799-2

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects selected for milk production, fertility and longevity in dairy herd of Holstein cattle (RED). Data processing for the thesis was collected from cows that ended the lactation period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, ie during the previous inspection year. From the reports were selected information on lactation, genotype, milk yield, meantime, service period, due to retirement, days of lactation and age at first calving for each cow separately. By tracking and a total of 274 cows Holstein cattle (RED) genotypes R1 (R88% or more), R2 (R76% - 87%) and R3 (R51% - 75%). There were statistically significant differences (P <0,05) milk yield of dairy cows with genotype R3, divided by lactation. When the third lactation had the highest yields (8,520 kg of milk). In the thesis was relationship between age at first calving and lifetime performance (rxy = -0,21). The relationship between age at first calving and age at retirement wasn´t demonstrated. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest yield of dairy cows in the investigated group reached the second lactation (7571 kg of milk). The average time of insemination interval was 71 days, best service period amounted to dairy cows on the third and higher lactation (107 days). The average length of the interim reporting for dairy herd does not exceed the limit of 400 days. Shortest age at first calving cows reached genotype R1 and R2 (777 days). Longevity culled dairy cows in lactation was 2,8.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791598.pdf: 399762 bytes, checksum: 72a0bdb644c9bbb12a415edeed399c08 (MD5) / As características reprodutivas são importantes para o sistema produtivo de carne bovina e, algumas delas, como a idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), dias para o segundo parto (DPP) e longevidade produtiva (LONG), são de fácil mensuração e não oneram o sistema produtivo para a obtenção fenotípica de sua expressão. Porém, estas características reprodutivas apresentam herdabilidade de baixa magnitude e, uma das razões, pode ser o fato de estas serem mensuradas apenas nas fêmeas consideradas férteis, pois no momento da avaliação genética, uma porção das fêmeas, normalmente, não apresentam fenótipos devido a falhas reprodutivas, descarte voluntário e involuntário anterior à estação de monta e, em alguns casos, por registros inconsistentes. Estes registros parciais ou desconhecidos são denominados informações censuradas. De acordo com alguns estudos, a inclusão adequada das informações censuradas poderiam evitar distorções nas inferências e melhoria na predição dos valores genéticos. Algumas metodologias têm sido utilizadas para lidar com a censura nas avaliações genéticas como modelos com penalização, modelos hierárquicos Bayesianos para dados censurados, modelo linear-limiar e o de análise de sobrevivência. Porém no Brasil, essas abordagens não vêm sendo muito utilizadas. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as características reprodutivas de idade ao primeiro parto, dias para o segundo parto e longevidade produtiva, de fêmeas da raça Nelore, utilizando modelos que tratam as expressões fenotípicas destas características como não censuradas e censuradas, com a finalidade de encontrar modelos adequados para avaliação genética dos animais para estas características. Foram utilizadas fêmeas nascidas entre 1993 a 2007, da região sudeste e centro-oeste do Brasil, as quais fazem parte da base de dados Aliança Nelore. Para IPP, os grupos de ... / Reproductive traits are very important to beef cattle production system and, some of them, such as age at first calving (AFC), days to calving (DC), and longevity (LONG) are easy to measure and do not bring further measurement costs to the production system. However, these reproductive traits show low heritabilities and, one of the reasons might be the fact that only fertile females have phenotypic records, because when the genetic evaluation is performed some cows have missing records due to reproductive failure, as well as due to voluntary and involuntary culling, which are made before the breeding season, and, in some cases, due to inconsistent phenotypic informations. These partially or unobserved phenotypes are termed as censored records. According to some studies, properly accounting for censored records in genetic analysis could avoid distorted inferences and better genetic breeding value predictions. Several methodologies have been proposed to cope with censored records in genetic evaluations, such as models in which censored records are penalized, Bayesian hierarchical models to deal with censored data, threshold-linear models, and frailty survival models. However, these approaches have not been widely applied in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to evaluate age at first calving, days to calving, and longevity, of the Nellore breed females, applying models which handle phenotypic informations as uncensored and censored, aiming to find appropriate models to genetic evaluation for these traits. Data were provided by Nellore Alianca and reproductive records of animals born from 1993 to 2007, in farms located in south-east and middle-west of Brazil, were considered in the study. Contemporary groups (CG) for AFC were defined by the combination of farm, month, and year of birth, farm and management group at weaning, and farm and management group at long-yearling. For DC and LONG ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791444_20150320.pdf: 422723 bytes, checksum: 06f182b8a97cdf0fa0a0f4c67a5cf9d2 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-03-27T11:50:04Z: 000791444_20150320.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-03-27T11:50:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791444.pdf: 1954582 bytes, checksum: 8a278cf67dc11ab83dab115a9bfc0bfc (MD5) / A habilidade de permanência da vaca no rebanho é economicamente importante em gado de corte. Quanto mais tempo a vaca permanecer no rebanho, maiores serão as chances da vaca pagar seus custos de recria e gerar lucro ao produtor. Este trabalho teve dois objetivos: primeiro, avaliar a variável idade da vaca ao último parto (IVUP) como medida de habilidade de permanência da vaca no rebanho em diferentes critérios de censura; segundo, estimar parâmetros genéticos para a mesma para cada um dos diferentes critérios de censura considerados. Registros de 22312 vacas da raça Nelore provenientes de 13 fazendas foram utilizados neste estudo. As variáveis explanatórias utilizadas foram idade ao primeiro parto, número de partos, estação e ano de nascimento e fazenda. Três critérios de censura foram escolhidos: 16, 26 e 36 meses de idade. Metodologias de análise de sobrevivência foram utilizadas para a análise dos dados e estimação dos parâmetros das curvas de sobrevivência e risco. A variância de IVUP foi estudada considerando o efeito de cada variável explanatória proposta para os três critérios de censura. A metodologia dos estimadores de Kaplan-Meier foi empregada para estimar a probabilidade da vaca permanecer no rebanho. O modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi utilizado para estimar o risco da vaca deixar o rebanho. Os valores genéticos dos animais e a herdabilidade do risco da vaca deixar o rebanho foram estimados por modelo de riscos proporcionais de Weibull. A análise da classificação dos reprodutores com base no valor genético foi realizada por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman. Quanto maior o valor do critério de censura adotado, maior foi o número de vacas com informações completas incluídas na análise. Há diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre as funções de sobrevivência e risco dos três critérios adotados. A habilidade de permanência da ... / Stayability is economically importante in the beef cattle industry. The longer the cow ramains in the herd, the greater are the chances it will pay for its costs and generate revenue. This study had two objectives: first, evaluate the variable age of cow at last calving (ALC) as a measurement of stayability considering diferent censoring criteria; second, to estimate genetic parameters for the same variable considering the diferent censoring criteria. Records of 22313 Nellore cows, from 13 farms were used in this study. The explanatory variables considered were age at first calving, number of calvings, season and year of birth and farm. Three censoring criteria were chosen: 16, 26 and 36 months of age. Survival analysis techniques were used to evaluate the variable and to estimate survival and risk curves. The variance of the ALC was studied considering the effect of each explanatory variable. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cows’survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard of the cow being culled. The breeding values and heritability of the hazard of being culled were estimated by a proportional hazards Weibull model. The Spearman correlation test was used to study the rank of the animals considering the three censoring criteria. The greater the censoring criterion addopted, the greater was the number of cows with complete records. The estimated survival curves and hazard functions differ among each other (P<0.05). The stayability estimated considering the 16 months of age criterion was the greater when compared with the other censoring criteria. The heritability estimates for the 16, 26 and 36 months criteria were 0.1020, 0.1002 and 0.0871, respectively. The Spearman correlation estimates for the 16 and 26, 16 and36 and 26 and 36 months of censoring criteria were -0.2124, 0.1348 and 0.1211, respectively (P>0.05). A big part of the ...

Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Armando Reis Tavares / Resumo: A produção de flores de corte constitui uma atividade promissora, cuja comercialização exige técnicas de conservação que contribuem em manter a qualidade floral pós-colheita. A giberelina é um regulador vegetal que apresenta grande eficiência no crescimento, na indução de florescimento, na brotação, pode retardar a senescência, entre outros. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de baixas concentrações de ácido giberélico (GA3) aplicado a campo no crescimento da flor e qualidade pós-colheita de crisântemo cv. 'Faroe'. As plantas foram pulverizadas aos 28 (vinte e oito) dias após o transplantio das mudas e a colheita programada com 95% das lígulas expandidas. Após a colheita, foram medidos os parâmetros: altura e diâmetro da haste, diâmetro da flor, comprimento da lígula, número de flores e tempo de reação (indução ao florescimento). Após a avaliação, as hastes foram armazenadas em câmara fria a temperatura de 10 °C e UR 95% durante 48 horas e levadas à temperatura ambiente. Após o periodo de armazenamento em câmara fria, foram comparadas com as hastes mantidas em temperatura ambiente e submetidas às seguintes análises: avaliação da senescência floral (escala de notas), consumo da solução do recipiente e medida do pH, ambas em intervalos de dois dias. A qualidade das hastes foi acompanhada pelas as análises bioquímicas (protéinas totais, carboidratos totais solúveis, atividade da peroxidase e poliaminas livres) no intervalo de quatro dias durante o tempo de vida de vaso. Apenas uma única aplicação de GA3 não teve interferência nas características fenotípicas em plantas de crisântemo cv 'Faroe', pelo menos em baixas concentrações, assim como não promoveram incremento na qualidade pós-colheita das flores. Não foi observado melhoria na qualidade das flores armazenadas ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The production of cut flowers is a promising commercial activity and its business demands conservation techniques that contribute to keep the post-harvested flower quality. Gibberellin is a growth regulator that is very efficient in the growth, flowering induction, budding, senescence delay, etc. Thus, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of low concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) applied under field conditions on flower growth and post-harvest quality of chrysanthemums cv. 'Faroe'. Application was carried out at 28 days after seedling transplanting and harvest was scheduled when 95% of ligulas were expanded. The following parameters were measured after harvest: stem height and diameter, flower diameter, ligula length, number of flowers and reaction time (flowering induction). After evaluation, the stems were stored in a cold chamber at 10° C and relative humidity of 95% for 48 hours and then taken to room temperature. Later they were compared to the stems kept at room temperature and submitted to the following analyses: flower senescence evaluation (score scale), solution consume, pH measurement, both at 2-day intervals. Stem quality was evaluated through biochemical analysis (total proteins, total soluble carbohydrates, peroxidase activity and free polyamines) at four-day intervals during the vase life. A single low concentration GA3 application has not interfered on phenotypic characteristics of chrysanthemum cv. 'Faroe' plants neither has improved post-harvested flower quality. There was not quality improvement of flowers stored in cold chamber after stem exposure to room temperature and flower senescence evaluation. In both treatments, stems presented a higher solution consume and pH varied during the vase life. Stems kept at room temperature showed great decreases in total protein content as well as in total soluble carbohydrate content in leaves and flowers of chrysanthemum cv. Faroe. There was an increase ... / Mestre

The thesis deals with analysis the influence to effectiveness of Holstein cows bred on the School farm in Haklovy Dvory. I studied the most frequent reasons of culling cows on the farm and the influence on the cost accounts.