Relapse is a common occurrence in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse. It is estimated that one out of three adolescents will relapse after treatment termination. Although much attention has been given to family factors which influence an adolescent's use and abuse of drugs, this same vigorous attention has not been given to determining if family factors play a role in an adolescent resuming drug use after treatment termination. It has been theorized that the same family factors which increase the risk of an adolescent to use and abuse drugs also can help in gaining an understanding of why relapse occurs. Three prominent theories used to explain family factors associated with drug use/abuse and relapse are genetic and social learning theories, and family dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate if familial factors, as proposed from the theories presented, were predictive of relapse. The sample in this study consisted of 31 adolescents who entered drug treatment between 1986 and 1988. Follow-up data of the adolescent's pattern of drug use since treatment discharge were collected through telephone interviews with the parent or guardian of the adolescent one and a half to nineteen months after treatment. The family information used in this study was collected through self-report questionnaires given to the adolescent at time of treatment. Specific family variables used in this study were: parental and sibling substance abuse history, number of parents in residence, past experience of physical and/or sexual abuse, and history of running away from home. Regression analyses were used to assess if these family variables were associated with relapse. Results of the data analyses found partial support for genetic and social learning theories of relapse, as well as relapse from a family dysfunction perspective. Findings indicated that adolescents who lived with only one parent or neither parent in comparison to those who lived with both parents, those who had experienced physical and/or sexual abuse, and those who perceived their father as not having a history of substance abuse were more at risk to relapse. Findings further indicated a cross-gender effect in that male adolescents who reported mother as having a substance abuse history were more likely to relapse. This same finding was not found for females in this study. The results indicate that given specific family dynamics, a sub-population of adolescents may be targeted on entrance to treatment to be at greater risk to relapse. / Graduation date: 1991

While much is known about the achievement of high ability students, much less research has focused on their lower ability peers. In addition, although academic self-concept, locus of control and learning approaches have been demonstrated to be important personal variables that influence learning outcomes, less effort has been made to integrate these variables simultaneously to understand the complexity of low-achievement. The present research aimed to not only identify key causes of the low-achievement of academically disadvantaged students, but also provide appropriate and productive enhancement approaches to foster low-achieving students’ school success by conducting a pioneering longitudinal experimental study particularly in mainland China. The participants were low-achieving junior secondary students who had recently enrolled in Secondary Vocational Education (SVE) in mainland China (total N = 724). It was found that compared with normal- and high-achieving students in mainstream secondary education, students in SVE were characterized with less achieving motives, less internal-oriented control beliefs and particularly lower academic self-concepts. In addition, the academic self-concept of SVE students was found to be the most significant predictor of their academic achievement (p＜ .001) compared with achieving approach (p＜ .05) and locus of control (p＞ .05). These findings, in light of the 3P learning model, revealed the likely major role of academic self-concept in affecting academic achievement among adolescent students in SVE. In particular, Study 2, a comparative study, confirmed that vocational students had the lowest English self-concept of the groups studied. Hence, the focus of Study 3 (a longitudinal intervention) was on English self-concept. By incorporating recent advances in Western feedback enhancement approaches and the construct-validity approach to fully explore the intervention effects, Study 3 demonstrated that the researcher-administered treatments (performance feedback and combined feedback) in natural classroom settings successfully enhanced participants’ English self-concept, the targeted facet. Importantly, both the competence and affect components within the English self-concept of targeted students also gained statistically significant improvements from the two feedback treatments, compared with those of students who received no particular treatment. An interesting finding was that the two feedback treatments appeared similarly significant in changing the competence component of English self-concept. However, the internally-focused performance feedback was less effective in changing the affect component of English self-concept compared with the combined feedback. Non-significant transfer effects were found on untargeted facets of academic self-concept among participants receiving only the performance feedback. A slightly significant transfer effect was found on Chinese self-concept (one control facet) among participants receiving the combined feedback, indicating the power of the combined feedback to influence a facet that is closely related to the targeted facet. The present findings provided important cross-cultural empirical evidence to support sound within-network validity of the feedback intervention in a vocational setting. Impressively, the English achievements of students in both experimental classes also gained statistically significant improvements. Based on key research designs of the present intervention, future implications of the two feedback treatments to cultivate positive academic self-beliefs and enhance learning among vocational and non-vocational secondary school students are discussed. / published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The purpose of this thesis is to identify typical patterns of career destinations for young women and men in relation to their high school science preparedness. This is an empirical structural study that documents the way high school academic capital is turned (or not) into human capital for science and engineering professions. The study uses ten years of longitudinal data on educational and career paths of British Columbia high school graduates of the Class of '88. Correspondence analysis and other descriptive statistics provide a picture of students' participation in mathematics and science senior high school courses and post-secondary academic programs. School course choices, post-secondary educational attainment, specialization fields are correlated to respondents' high school science preparedness, parental education and gender. A major finding of this study is that high school science preparedness opens greater opportunity for students to attend and succeed along abroad range of post-secondary pathways. Still, thesis findings confirm the existence of a "leaking" phenomenon along the physical sciences and engineering post-secondary pipeline, especially for women as well as men with non-university educated parents. Equity in access and outcomes is discussed in relation to respondents' possession of cultural and academic capital, and in relation to gender inequality that persists within school and post-secondary institutions, the science community and society at large. Implications for further research emerge from the literature review and the interpretation of thesis findings. Longitudinal research needs to explore more directly the reasons why many young women and men who excelled in science at the high school level depart from the science pipeline sooner or later. A major conclusion is that the "critical mass" approach that directs attention toward creating a large supply pool to feed the science pipeline by encouraging more young women to enter the field of science is still a unilateral numerical strategy, and more has to be done to improve the retention and advancement of talented women interested in science. This thesis reinforces the need for an analysis of the culture of the science community and a revision of the leaking science pipeline concept that should be replaced by a more open non-linear model of science careers.

No description available.

x, 133 p. ; ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: SCIENCE QP405 .J67 2007 / Meditation has been defined as a "group of practices that self-regulate the body and mind, thereby affecting mental events by engaging a specific attentional set" (Cahn & Polich, 2006). We conducted a randomized, longitudinal trial to examine the effects of concentrative meditation training (40 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) on top-down, voluntary control of attention with a progressive muscle relaxation training group as a control. To determine if training produced changes in attentional network efficiency we compared, pre- and post-training, mean validity effect scores (difference between invalid cue and center cue reaction time) in the contingent capture paradigm (Folk et al., 1992). The meditation group showed a trend towards improvement of top-down attention while the relaxation group did not. Using EEG we assessed the changes in amplitudes of wavelets during periods of mind-wandering and meditation. Periods in which subjects were on- vs. off-focus during the meditation task were identified by asking subjects to make button presses whenever the mind wandered and also at probe tones, if they were off-focus. After training, the episodes of mind-wandering were significantly lower in the meditation group as compared to the relaxation group. Increased amplitudes of alpha and theta EEG frequencies in the occipital and right parietal areas were seen during the meditation task for the meditation but not the relaxation group as an effect of training. A baseline EEG trait effect of reduced mental activity was seen (meditation training: occipital and right parietal areas; relaxation training: only occipital areas). Within a given meditation session, prior to training, alpha and theta activity was lower in on-focus conditions (occurring immediately after subjects discovered they were off-focus and returned to active focus on the breath/syllable) compared to meditative focus segments. After training, we found higher alpha amplitude in periods of meditative focus as compared to periods of mind wandering for both groups. However, the meditation group showed significantly higher theta amplitude than the relaxation group during the meditative state segments. / Adviser: Marjorie Woollacott

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Periodontal diseases are the result of complex interrelationships between bacterial biofilm and factors related to the host response. These relationships can be modified by several factors, among them the smoke. Many studies support the evidence that the smoke has a detrimental effect on the health of the periodontium. However, the effect of this habit in the results of periodontal treatment is still controversial and longitudinal studies of smokers and never smokers undergoing periodontal therapy are needed. Initially, 14 never smokers and 11 smokers completed the non-surgical periodontal treatment. After examination of three months, three participants were lost: one from the first group and two from the second. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of 13 never smokers and nine smokers with chronic periodontitis, 12 months after this therapeutic approach. This study aimed to evaluate the response to non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers and never smokers with chronic periodontitis, after a period of 12 months. Patients in both groups who received non-surgical periodontal treatment, were analyzed with respect to changes in bleeding on probing (BoP, BoP1 and BoP2), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). To evaluate these parameters, trained and calibrated examiners performed periodontal clinical examinations prior to periodontal therapy and three, six and 12 months after treatment completion. The changes in scores for bleeding on probing were considered primary outcome and changes in other clinical parameters were secondary outcomes. The response to non-surgical periodontal therapy was similar between smokers and never smokers in changes related to VPI, mean and different strata of PD, BoP and BoP2. Similarities were also observed in BoP, BoP 1 and BoP 2 in different strata of PD, except for BoP 1 on PD 1-3mm in ever smokers had greater reductions. Differences between groups were also observed in the presence of GBI and BoP1. Changes in CAL were higher in the group of never smokers, the statistic difference being borderline. / As doenças periodontais são resultantes de inter-relações complexas entre biofilme bacteriano e fatores relacionados à resposta do hospedeiro. Essas relações podem ser modificadas por vários fatores, dentre eles, o fumo. Muitos estudos suportam a evidência de que o fumo prejudica a saúde do periodonto. Porém, o efeito desse hábito nos resultados do tratamento periodontal ainda é controverso e estudos de acompanhamento longitudinal de fumantes e nunca fumantes submetidos à terapia periodontal são necessários. Inicialmente, 14 nunca fumantes e 11 fumantes completaram o tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico. Após o exame de três meses, foram perdidos três participantes: um do primeiro grupo e dois do segundo. Assim, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta de 13 nunca fumantes e nove fumantes com periodontite crônica, 12 meses decorridos do término dessa abordagem terapêutica. Pacientes de ambos os grupos que receberam tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico, foram analisados com relação a alterações no sangramento à sondagem (SS, SS1 e SS2), na profundidade de sondagem (PS), no nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e nos índices de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). Para a avaliação desses parâmetros, examinadores treinados e calibrados realizaram exames clínicos periodontais previamente à terapia periodontal e três, seis e 12 meses após o tratamento concluído. As mudanças nos escores de sangramento à sondagem foram consideradas desfecho primário e as alterações nos demais parâmetros clínicos avaliados, os desfechos secundários. A resposta à terapia periodontal não cirúrgica foi semelhante entre fumantes e nunca fumantes em relação às alterações de IPV, médias e diferentes estratos de PS, SS e SS2. Semelhanças também foram observadas em SS, SS1 e SS2 nos diferentes estratos de PS, com exceção de SS1 em PS de 1-3mm em que nunca fumantes tiveram maiores reduções. Diferenças entre os grupos também foram observadas no ISG e na presença de SS1. As alterações no NIC foram maiores no grupo de nunca fumantes, sendo a diferença estatística borderline.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canova_r_me_jabo.pdf: 636873 bytes, checksum: a009a0a858df0aca763c6dd8184ac15b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O uso de sulcadores do tipo haste nas semeadoras-adubadoras utilizadas no plantio direto tem se generalizado, principalmente em áreas de solos argilosos, como alternativa para romper a camada superficial mais compactada. Entretanto, em determinadas condições a eficiência da haste sulcadora não se mantém, devido às características relacionadas ao solo, a semeadura e até mesmo ao próprio sistema de preparo. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cinco modelos de hastes sulcadoras, distribuição longitudinal de sementes e o desempenho da cultura utilizando uma semeadora-adubadora em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental da empresa Jumil, na cidade de Batatais - SP, com altitude e declividade médias de 862 m e 4%, respectivamente. Foi utilizada uma semeadora-adubadora da marca Jumil, modelo Guerra JM 7090 EX com cinco unidades de semeadura, espaçadas de 0,70 m e acoplada a um trator com tração 4x2 TDA. A semeadura do milho foi realizada sobre palhada de braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf). Os parâmetros avaliados foram força de tração média e de pico na barra, potência na barra de tração, profundidade de deposição do adubo, emergência de plântulas, distribuição longitudinal, estande inicial e final, produtividade, remoção de solo e capacidade de campo efetiva. A haste sulcadora com formato parabólico apresentou menor demanda de força de tração e potência na barra e a semeadora-adubadora utilizada para todas as hastes sulcadoras avaliadas, apresentou ótima distribuição de espaçamentos normais na distribuição longitudinal de sementes / The use of planter chisel type openers in no-tillage has been generalized, mainly in areas with clay soils as an alternative to break the most compact superficial layer. However, in some conditions the efficiency of the planter chisel openers it is not kept due to the characteristics of the soil, sowing and even the tillage system. Thus the aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of five different openers for planter chisel, seeds longitudinal distribution of no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the company Jumil, in the city of Batatais, SP, with average altitude and slope of 862 m and 4%, respectively. It was used a planter chisel with the brand of Jumil Guerra JM7090 EX with five units of tillage, with 0.70m one from the other and attached to a tractor with 4x2 wheel drive TDA. The corn sowing was done on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. The parameters analyzed were average traction and peak in the coupling, power in the coupling, profundity of the fertilizer deposition, seedlings emergence, longitudinal distribution, initial and final stand, productivity, soil removing and effective capacity of field. The opener with the parabolic format presented less demand of traction and power in the coupling and the planter chisel used presented a good distribution of normal spaces in the longitudinal distribution of seeds

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA MAURILIA DOS SANTOS.pdf: 2071373 bytes, checksum: 7f7eefb5648021e64a38eda4a20891be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the motor development of the children between 08 and 9 years who were originally evaluated between 06 and 24 months attending day care centers at Florianopolis, in 2002. It is a descriptive development research, in longitudinal analysis of 145 students enrolled in 4th and 5th year of 40 public schools and private Florianópolis / SC, accomplished between March and December of 2010. The instrument used to re-evaluate the motor development of students was the Scale of Motor Development - EDM (ROSA NETO, 2002). In 2002, the research de Souza (2003), the children were evaluated using the Brunet and Lézine Scale of Psychomotor Development in First Infancy (1981), obtaining their development ages and their development quotients in different areas as motor, oculomotricity, language and social, besides global. In 2010, motor development was evaluated using the Motor Development Scale, which analyzes both fine and gross motor skills as well as balance, body schema, spatial and temporal organization, language, and laterality, obtaining also the engine ages and ratios of these subareas. To describe the participants, an interview was conducted on life habits. Also as a tool, a questionnaire was used biopsychosocial directed to parents of children whose motor development was classified as "lower" risk. Was also conducted interviews with the teachers room, to obtain information about the academic performance of students. An interview with the teachers room, to obtain information about the academic performance of at-risk group. Statistical analysis of the data was descriptive when presenting data and inferential, through the Mann-Whitney test and Pearson s Correlation, when relationships between variables were necessary. The main results show a lowering of standards development engine "superior", "high-normal" and "average normal", and an increase in standards "low normal" and "lower" in the course of these years. Found a positive correlation was low at both time points for all variables. In general, we find that 80.6% children had motor development within the normal range during infancy and 87.5% at school. Eighteen schools (12%) showed development below" according to the EDM, of these, seventeen complained of difficulties in learning, and considerable biological risk factors and social. As for social projects, the data showed advantages in motor development of those children participating in social and educational projects and even higher performance and significant in children who participated in projects of socio-sports, both in general motor quotient, and in four of six specific areas of development when compared to children not attending social projects. Despite so many factors that interfere their development, the students evaluated in this study succeeded maintaining a normal development pattern, leading to the conclusion that, in general, development seems to be influenced by a number of factors, some cited on this study, and many other that have not been verified yet. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de crianças de 8 a 9 anos que foram originalmente avaliadas aos 06 e 24 meses de idade quando frequentavam as creches municipais de Florianópolis, em 2002. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de desenvolvimento, sob análise longitudinal de 145 escolares matriculados no 4º e 5º ano de 40 escolas da rede pública e privada de Florianópolis/SC, realizada no período de março a dezembro de 2010. Em 2002, na pesquisa de Souza (2003), as crianças foram avaliadas através da Escala de Desenvolvimento Psicomotor da Primeira Infância de Brunet e Lézine (1981), obtendo-se suas idades e quocientes de desenvolvimento global nas áreas postural, oculomotriz, da linguagem e social. Em 2010, o instrumento utilizado para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor dos escolares foi a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor EDM (ROSA NETO, 2002), que avalia as áreas da motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, organização espacial, organização temporal e a lateralidade, obtendo-se também as idades e quocientes motores dessas subáreas. Para descrever os participantes, foi realizada uma entrevista sobre hábitos de vida. Também como instrumento, foi utilizado um questionário biopsicossocial direcionado aos pais das crianças cujo desenvolvimento motor foi classificado como inferior , de risco. Foi realizada também entrevista com as professoras de sala, para a obtenção de informações a respeito do rendimento escolar desses escolares. A análise estatística dos dados foi descritiva nos casos de apresentação dos dados obtidos, e inferencial, através da Correlação de Pearson e testes de Mann-Whitney quando relações entre as variáveis se fizeram necessárias. Os principais resultados demonstram uma diminuição dos padrões de desenvolvimento motor superior , normal alto e normal médio , e um aumento dos padrões normal baixo e inferior no transcurso desses anos. Foi verificada uma correlação positiva baixa nos dois momentos para todas as variáveis analisadas. De modo geral, podemos verificar que 80,6 % crianças apresentaram desenvolvimento motor dentro dos parâmetros de normalidade no período lactente e 87,5% no período escolar. Dezoito escolares (12%) apresentaram desenvolvimento inferior de acordo com a EDM, sendo que desses, dezessete apresentaram queixas de dificuldades na aprendizagem, e consideráveis fatores de risco biológicos e sociais. Quanto aos projetos sociais, os dados demonstraram vantagens no desenvolvimento motor daquelas crianças participantes de projetos socioeducacional e um desempenho ainda maior e significativo nas crianças que participavam de projetos de caráter socioesportivo, tanto no quociente motor geral, quanto em quatro das seis áreas especificas do desenvolvimento, quando comparados às crianças que não frequentavam projetos sociais. Conclui-se que apesar de tantos fatores intervenientes, os escolares conseguiram manter um padrão de desenvolvimento normal, mostrando que, de um modo geral, o desenvolvimento parece ser influenciado por uma somatória de fatores, alguns dos quais abordados nessa pesquisa, porém com muitos outros que não foram verificados.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-21T14:11:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO PEREIRA DE LIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGHT 2017.pdf: 987783 bytes, checksum: 8391dfae9bf28758906732802082b7e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T14:11:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO PEREIRA DE LIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGHT 2017.pdf: 987783 bytes, checksum: 8391dfae9bf28758906732802082b7e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / A abóbora ‘Brasileirinha’ é uma cultivar que produz frutos bicolores (verde e amarelo) com excelente potencial nutricional. No entanto, a época de colheita e o tempo de armazenamento podem ser considerados fatores que interferem diretamente na qualidade do fruto. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós–colheita da abóbora brasileirinha em diferentes épocas de colheita e tempo de armazenamento. Os frutos foram colhidos em uma área de cultivo, localizado no município de Teixeira – PB a 103 km de Pombal – PB. A pesquisa foi realizada entre março e maio de 2016, no Laboratório de Química, Bioquímica e Análises de Alimentos do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal - PB. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, três épocas de colheita da abóbora (70, 90 e 110 dias após o plantio) e seis tempos de armazenamento (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias), contendo 5 repetições, com 1 fruto por repetição. As características físicas avaliadas foram: perda de massa fresca, comprimento longitudinal, diâmetros superior e inferior, cavidade interna, espessura da polpa, espessura da polpa do pescoço e firmeza. As características químicas avaliadas foram: potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), vitamina C, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), razão (SS/AT), carotenóides total, compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, antocianinas, açucares solúveis totais e açucares redutores. As características físicas avaliadas, não apresentaram diferença significativa nas três épocas de colheita, com exceção da firmeza que variou de 136 a 158 N. Os frutos oriundos da terceira época de colheita aos (110 dias) foram os que apresentaram os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis, vitmina C e carotenóides durante os 35 dias de armazenamento. A razão SS/AT foi maior na primeira época de colheita aos (70 dias). Os frutos oriundos da terceira época de colheita aos (110 dias) foram os que resultaram melhor qualidade para as características físicas e químicas estudadas, sendo recomendado a melhor época de colheita para o consumo da abóbora brasileirinha. / A 'Brasileirinha' pumpkin is a cultivar that produces bicolour fruits (green and yellow) with excellent nutritional potential. However, a harvesting time and storage time can be considered factors that interfere in the quality of the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate a post-harvest quality of the Brazilian pumpkin at different harvesting times and storage time. The fruits were harvested in a growing area, located in the municipality of Teixeira - PB, 103 km from Pombal - PB. The research was carried out between March and May of 2016, not Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Food Analysis of the Center of Sciences and Technology Agrifood of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal - PB. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 x 6 factorial design, three pumpkin harvest times (70, 90 and 110 days after the plan) and six storage times (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days ), containing 5 replicates, with 1 fruit per replicate. The physical characteristics evaluated were: loss of fresh mass, longitudinal length, upper and lower diameters, internal cavity, pulp thickness, neck pulp thickness and firmness. The chemical characteristics evaluated were: hydrogenation potential (pH), vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), ratio (SS / AT), total carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total soluble sugars and sugars. . The physical characteristics evaluated did not present the difference in the three harvest periods, with the exception of the company that ranged from 136 to 158 N. The fruits from the third harvest season at (110 days) were those that presented the highest solids soluble Vitmina C and carotenoids during the 35 days of storage. The SS / AT ratio was higher in the first harvest season at (70 days). The fruits from the third harvest season at (110 days) were the ones that resulted in better quality for the physical and chemical characteristics studied, being recommended the best harvest season for the Brazilian pumpkin consumption.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-26T13:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCELA VERÇOSA.pdf: 1798070 bytes, checksum: c92b109e8f80c948cdd3d9b63f2c0642 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T13:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCELA VERÇOSA.pdf: 1798070 bytes, checksum: c92b109e8f80c948cdd3d9b63f2c0642 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Os objetivos principais estabelecidos para o presente estudo foram: (1) Modelar as trajetórias de crescimento físico e composição corporal de crianças dos 7 aos 10 anos de idade; (2) Modelar o dinamismo das mudanças ocorridas no tamanho do corpo e sua composição; (3) Analisar e interpretar a magnitude das mudanças ocorridas no tamanho do corpo e composição em associação com o peso ao nascer. A amostra foi composta por crianças de ambos os gêneros, seguidas dos 7 aos 10 anos de idade (n=534 coorte 1; n=223 coorte 2; e n=115 coorte 3). Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes aos indicadores do crescimento físico (peso, estatura) e composição corporal (dobras de adiposidade triciptal e subescapular). A modelação da mudança ocorrida nos valores da estatura, peso, massa gorda e massa isenta de gordura foi efetuada com recurso a modelos mistos, também designados por Modelos Multiníveis. Para modelar a mudança em função da idade decimal centramos o seu valor na média em 9,21 anos por ser uma valor relativamente próximo da média de ocorrência do take-off pubertário das meninas. Foram adicionados o efeito de um conjunto de preditores: sexo (referência=meninas), o peso ao nascer (centrado na média=3.08 kg) e a interação do sexo com a idade. A estimação simultânea de todos os parâmetros de cada um dos modelos foi efetuada com base no método de máxima verosimilhança implementado no software SuperMix v1, considerando a variabilidade nas diferenças interindividuais na mudança intraindividual. Verificou-se que crianças com maior peso ao nascer foram as mais pesadas (β=1.92±0.46, p<0.001) e apresentaram maiores valores de massa magra (β=1.04±0.25, p<0.001). As de menor peso ao nascer apresentaram maior percentual de massa gorda (β=0.78±0.27, p=0.003). Existe uma associação entre o peso ao nascer, as variáveis de crescimento físico e composição corporal. Além disto, foi observado que o peso ao nascer alterou a dinâmica de crescimento em estatura, peso corporal e massa isenta de gordura. Por outro lado, as crianças com menor peso ao nascer foram as que apresentaram menor massa isenta de gordura e maior percentual de gordura. / The main objectives established for this study were: (1) Model the trajectories of physical growth and body composition of children from 7 to 10 years old; (2) Model the dynamics of changes in body size and composition; (3) Analyze and interpret the magnitude of the changes in body size and composition in association with birth weight. The sample included children of both genders, followed from 7 to 10 years of age (n = 534 cohort 1, n = 223 cohort 2; n = 115 cohort 3). Parameters were evaluated on indicators of physical growth (weight, height), body composition (triceps and subscapular adiposity). The modeling of the change that occurred in the values of height, weight, fat mass and fat-free mass was performed using mixed models, also known as Multilevel Models. To model the change according to the decimal age we focused its value in average 9.21 years for being a relatively close value of the average occurrence of take-off pubertal girls. It was added the effect of a set of predictors gender (reference = girls), birth weight (average centered = 3.08 kg) and the interaction of gender with age. The simultaneous estimation of all the parameters of each model was made based on the maximum likelihood method implemented in SuperMix v1 software, considering the variability in inter-individual differences in intraindividual change was found that children with higher birth weight were the heaviest (β = 1.92 ± 0:46, p <0.001) and had higher lean mass values (β = 1.4 ± 0:25, p <0.001). The lower birth weight had higher fat mass percentage (β = 0.78 ± 0:27, p = 0.003). There is an association between birth weight, the physical variables of growth and body composition. In addition, it was observed that birth weight has changed the dynamics of growth in stature, body weight and lean mass. On the other hand, children with lower birth weight were those who had lower fat-free mass and a higher percentage of fat.