A census of 24 coupled (CMIP) and 13 uncoupled (AMIP) models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) were compared with observations and reanalysis to show varied ability of the models to simulate Caribbean precipitation and mechanisms related to precipitation in the region. Not only were errors seen in the annual mean, with CMIP models underestimating both rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) and AMIP models overestimating rainfall, the annual cycle was also incorrect. Large overestimates of precipitation at all SSTs (and particularly above 28 degrees C) and at vertical circulations less than -10 hPa/day (the deep convective regime) were inherent in the atmospheric models with models using spectral type convective parameterizations performing best. In coupled models, however, errors in the frequency of occurrence of SSTs (the distribution is cold biased) and deep convective vertical circulations (reduced frequency) lead to an underestimation of Caribbean mean precipitation. On daily timescales, the models were shown to produce too frequent light rainfall amounts (especially less than 1 mm/day) and dry extremes and too few heavy rainfall amounts and wet extremes. The simulation of the mid-summer drought (MSD) proved a challenge for the models, despite their ability to produce a Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) in the correct location. Errors in the CLLJ, such as too strong magnitude and weak semi-annual cycle, were worse in the CMIP models and were attributed to problems with the location and seasonal evolution of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) in both CMIP and AMIP models. Despite these discrepancies between models and observations, the ability of the models to simulate the correlation between the CLLJ and precipitation varied based on season and region, with the connection with United States precipitation particularly problematic in the AMIP simulations. An observational study of intraseasonal precipitation in the Caribbean showed an explicit connection between the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and Caribbean precipitation for the first time. Precipitation anomalies up to 50 percent above (below) the annual mean are observed in phases 1 and 2 (5 and 6) of the MJO and are related to changes in the CLLJ, that is also modulated by the MJO. Considerable progress has been made on identifying both problems and successes in the simulation of Caribbean climate in general circulation models, but many areas still require investigation.

This thesis provides a novel architecture for the creation and management of virtual multimedia adaptation services offered by a multimedia-enabled cloud. The aim of the proposed scheme is to provide an optimal yet a transparent user access to adapted media contents while isolating them from the heterogeneity of the utilized devices, diversity of media formats, as well as the details of the adaptation services and performance variations of the underlying network. This goal is achieved through the development of service virtualization models that provide various levels of abstraction of the actual physical services and their performance parameters. Such virtual models offer adaptation functions by comprising adaptation services with accordance to their parameters. Additionally, parameters describing the functional specifics of the adaptation functions, as well as multimedia content features, are organized into a hierarchical structure that facilitates extraction of the virtual models capable of satisfying the conditions expressed by the user requests. At the same time the paramter/feature organization structure itself is flexible enough to allow users to specify media delivery requests at various levels of request details (e.g., summarize video vs. drop specific frames). As a result, in response to a user request for a multimedia content, an optimal virtual service adaptation path is calculated, describing the needed media adaptation operations as well as the appropriate mapping to the physical resources capable of executing such functions. The selection of the adaptation path is done with the use of a novel performance-history based selection mechanism that takes into account the performance variations and relations of the services in a dynamically changing environment of multimedia clouds. A number of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the potential of the proposed work in terms of the enhanced processing time and service quality.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Örebro : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 278-283). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829034_20200101.pdf: 115188 bytes, checksum: 993739add14e4ef7cc01bd607d99e86d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este estudo imunoistoquímico avaliou a influência do aspirado de medula óssea (AMO) associado ou não à terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT) no processo de reparo de defeitos de tamanho crítico (DTC), criados cirurgicamente em calvárias de ratos. 64 ratos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 4 grupos: C (controle), AMO, LLLT e AMO/LLLT. Um DTC de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. No Grupo C, o defeito foi preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo somente. No Grupo AMO, o defeito preenchido com AMO. Nos grupos LLLT e AMO/LLLT, o defeito recebeu irradiação com laser (InGaAlP laser), foi preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo ou AMO, respectivamente, e irradiado novamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 15 e 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para detecção do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA), fator de transcrição relacionado à Runt (Runx2), proteína óssea morfogenética-2 (BMP-2), osteopontina (OPN) e osteocalcina (OCN). Um método semi-quantitativo foi usado para avaliar a imunomarcação para VEGF. As células PCNA-positivas, Runx2-positivas, BMP-2-positivas, OPN-positivas e OCN-positivas foram quantificadas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente. Aos 15 dias pós-operatórios, o Grupo LLLT apresentou números de células OPN-positivas e OCN-positivas significativamente maiores que o Grupo C; o Grupo AMO apresentou números de células PCNA-positivas, Runx2-positivas, BMP-2-positivas e OPN-positivas significativamente maiores do que os grupos C e LLLT, além de número de células OCN-positivas significativamente maior que o controle; o Grupo AMO/LLLT apresentou imunomarcação para VEGF e números de células Runx2-positivas, OPN-positivas e OCN-positivas... / This immunohistochemical study evaluated the influence of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) combined or not with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. 64 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: C (control), BMA, LLLT and BMA/LLLT. A 5 mm diameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group BMA, the defect was filled with BMA. In groups LLLT and BMA/LLLT, the defect received laser irradiation (InGaAlP laser), was filled with blood clot or BMA respectively, and irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 15 or 30 days postoperative. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) immunohistochemical staining were performed. A semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate VEGF immunolabeling. PCNA-positive, Runx2-positive, BMP-2-positive, OPN-positive and OCN-positive cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed. At 15 days postoperative, Group LLLT presented a significantly higher number of OPN-positive and OCN-positive cells than Group C; Group BMA presented a significantly higher number of PCNA-positive, Runx2-positive, BMP-2-positive and OPN-positive cells than groups C and LLLT, and a significantly higher number of OCN-positive cells than control; Group BMA/LLLT presented significantly higher VEGF immunolabeling and number of Runx2-positive, OPN-positive and OCN-positive cells than Group C. At 30 days postoperative, Group LLLT presented significantly higher VEGF immunolabeling and number of OPN-positive and OCN-positive cells than Group C; Group BMA presented a higher number of Runx2-positive, BMP-2-positive and OCN-positive cells than Group C; Group BMA/LLLT presented... / FAPESP: 12/15138-5

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_cf_me_arafo.pdf: 444703 bytes, checksum: 9ede9f0590ee9d328107f7e49cda8549 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O laser de baixa intensidade, também conhecido como laser terapêutico, tem sido recomendado para uma variedade de procedimentos clínicos, dentre eles o tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Pesquisas in vivo, onde dentes foram tratados com laser, demonstraram aumento na síntese de matriz de dentina e menor intensidade na reação inflamatória pulpar. Entretanto, o mecanismo que rege este processo permanece desconhecido. Mediante ao exposto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, o metabolismo (MTT assay), expressão de fosfatase alcalina e síntese de proteínas quando células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23 foram submetidas à irradiação com laser de baixa intensidade. A expressão dos genes que codificam para colágeno tipo-1 (Col-I) e fibronectina (FN) foi analisada por meio de RT-PCR. Para isto, células foram previamente cultivadas em placas de Petri (15.000 células/cm2) e submetidas a condições de estresse pelo período de 12 horas. Subseqüentemente, 6 aplicações do laser em parâmetros específicos foram realizadas em intervalos de 12 horas. Como grupo controle foi utilizado células não irradiadas. Tanto os valores do MTT quanto os níveis de proteína total não apresentaram valores estatisticamente diferentes daqueles observados para o grupo controle. Em contrapartida, as células irradiadas reduziram sua atividade de fosfatase alcalina. Os resultados de RT-PCR demonstraram haver uma tendência à redução específica, porém não estatística, na expressão dos genes avaliados após irradiação das células. Desta maneira, foi possível concluir, dentro das condições experimentais, que os parâmetros do laser de baixa intensidade utilizados na presente pesquisa não influenciaram o metabolismo celular, porém reduziram discretamente a expressão de algumas proteínas específicas. / Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also referred to as therapeutic laser, has been recommended for a wide array of clinical procedures, among which the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. In vivo studies in which teeth were treated with LLLT have demonstrated an increase in dentin matrix synthesis and lower intensity of pulp inflammatory reaction. However, the mechanism that guides this process remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of LLL irradiation on cell metabolism (MTT assay), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and total protein synthesis. The expression of genes that encode for collagen type-1 (Col-I) and fibronectin (FN) was analyzed by RT-PCR. For such purposes, odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23) was previously cultured in Petri dishes (15,000 cells/cm2) and submitted to stress conditions during 12 h. Thereafter, 6 applications with a monochromatic near infrared radiation (GaAlAs) set at predetermined parameters were performed at 12-h intervals. Non-irradiated cells served as a control group. Neither the MTT values nor the total protein levels of the irradiated group differed significantly from those of the control group (Mann-Whitney test; p>0.05). On the other hand, the irradiated cells showed a decrease in ALP activity (Mann-Whitney test; p<0.05). RT-PCR results demonstrated a trend to a specific reduction in gene expression after cell irradiation, though not significant statistically (Mann- Whitney test; p>0.05). It may be concluded that, under the tested conditions, the LLLT parameters used in the present study did not influence cell metabolism, but reduced slightly the expression of some specific proteins.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_ip_me_arafo.pdf: 359151 bytes, checksum: 80f28aedb7d3c2c8701cee1f7592cef1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação do laser diodo AsGaAl no controle da sensação dolorosa de paciente em procedimento de separação dental dos 1os molares inferiores. Participaram da pesquisa 62 pacientes com idade média de 19,7 anos que iniciaram o tratamento ortodôntico na Clínica de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Ortodontia do Departamento de Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP. Os pacientes foram divididos em 4 grupos alternando a aplicação do laser com e sem efeito terapêutico e de acordo com rodízio do lado do início de sua aplicação: GrupoI- Início laser lado direito; Grupo II- Início placebo lado direito; Grupo III- Início laser lado esquerdo Grupo IV -Início placebo lado esquerdo. O laser, com ou sem efeito terapêutico, foi aplicado antes da separação, 24 e 48 horas após a separação. A dor foi avaliada por uma escala visual analógica. O índice de dor foi registrado antes e após a aplicação do laser com ou sem efeito terapêutico dependendo do grupo, e imediatamente após a separação. Após 24 e 48 horas, o registro da dor se deu antes e após as aplicações de laser com ou sem efeito terapêutico dependendo do grupo. Antes e após a irradiação, a média dos escores da EVA para o grupo placebo e laser foi de zero. Logo após a separação, a média da EVA para o grupo placebo foi de 1,6, significantemente maior que a média de 1,1 registrada para o grupo laser 17 (p=0,013). Após 24 horas e antes da nova irradiação, os valores de dor registrados entre os grupos não se mostraram diferentes, com valores de 2,6 e 2,2 para os grupos placebo e laser, respectivamente. Após a irradiação, os valores caíram para 1,8 e 1,6 não se mostrando diferentes. Após 48 horas, os valores... / The objective of this research was to compare the effect single low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on pain perception in patients having fixed appliance treatment in the clinic of postgraduate discipline Orthodontics Department, Araraquara-UNESP. Sixty-two patients with mean age, 19.7 years, were recruited to participate in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The pacients were assigned to 4 groups: Group I- Laser on the right side; Group II- Placebo on the right side; Group III- Laser on the left side; Group IV- Placebo on the left. The laser or placebo was applied before separation, 24 and 48 hours after separation of their first permanent molars in the lower arch. The pain was recorded by a visual analog scale. The data of the pain’s scale was recorded before and after the laser’s or placebo’s irradiation depending on the group, and immediately after separation and then after 24 and 48 hours. Before and after irradiation, the average of the scores of EVA to the placebo group and laser was zero. Just after the separation, the average of the EVA for the placebo group was 1.6, significantly greater than the average of 1.1 registered for the laser Group (p = 0.013). After 24 hours and before the new irradiation, the values registered among the different groups did not show any diferences, with values from 2.2 to 2.6 and placebo groups and laser, respectively. After irradiation, the values dropped to 1.8 and 1.6 not showing 19 differences. After 48 hours, the values continued dropping without any differences. In relation to the gender, only after the first irradiation in placebo group, the female had a level of pain (0.1) significantly higher (p = 0.04) compared to male, and after 48 hours, the group where the laser was applied had a difference (p = 0.04) among the gender with a value of lower pain... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Regina Correa (rehecorrea@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T14:29:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEAJ.pdf: 2031416 bytes, checksum: f0593ca3a64ca8a76097fae4001ea1d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:02:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEAJ.pdf: 2031416 bytes, checksum: f0593ca3a64ca8a76097fae4001ea1d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:02:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEAJ.pdf: 2031416 bytes, checksum: f0593ca3a64ca8a76097fae4001ea1d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T14:03:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEAJ.pdf: 2031416 bytes, checksum: f0593ca3a64ca8a76097fae4001ea1d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-07 / Não recebi financiamento / Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which has endogenous and exogenous origin, and it comprises 95% of all cases. One of the treatments takes into account the negative energy balance, which is the ratio between reduction in consumption and increased energy expenditure. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of phototherapy associated to (low-level laser therapy) concurrent exercise (aerobic / resistance), at moderate intensity in women with exogenous overweight and obesity. Were selected 64 women, with aged 20-40 years, body mass index between 30 and 40 kg/m2, divided into two groups, which were described as: Sham (concurrent exercise + absence of light) and phototherapy (concurrent exercise + presence of light). It is important to note that at no time volunteers know of the absence of light during the process in Sham group. The exercise protocol parameters followed de Piano (2012), Obesity Study Group member (GEO) - UNIFESP. The irradiation parameter was 100mW, 60mW/cm2, 16 minutes of treatment time, at a wavelength of 808nm and applied in the regions: anterior region - abdominal and quadriceps; posterior region - gluteus and biceps femoral, soon after exercise, 3 times per week for 48 weeks. Thus, the association between phototherapy and moderate intensity exercise was effective in relation to clinical obesity situation, reducing the body weight, body fat deposits, lipid profile and the relationship of glycemic profile / insulin levels and decreasing the possibility insulin resistance. Thus, the action of the technology used in the context of clinical obesity is a new mechanism for multidisciplinary clinical practice in the treatment of obesity. / A obesidade é uma doença de múltiplos fatores que possui origem endógena e exógena e esta compreende 95% do total de casos. Um dos tratamentos leva em conta o balanço energético negativo, que é a relação entre diminuição do consumo e aumento do gasto calórico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da associação da fototerapia (laser de baixa intensidade) e do exercício físico concorrente (aeróbio/resistido), em intensidade moderada em mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade exógena. Foram selecionadas 64 mulheres com idade de 20 a 40 anos e com índice de massa corporal entre 30 e 40 kg/m2, divididos em dois grupos, os quais foram descritos como: Sham (exercício concorrente + sem incidência de luz) e Fototerapia (exercício concorrente + com incidência de luz). É importante salientar que em nenhum momento os voluntários souberam da inexistência de luz durante o processo no grupo Sham. O protocolo de exercício seguiu parâmetros segundo De Piano, 2012, membro do GEO (Grupo de Estudos da Obesidade) – UNIFESP. O parâmetro de irradiação foi de 100mW, 60mW/cm2, tempo de tratamento de 16 minutos, em comprimento de onda de 808nm e aplicado nas regiões: a) anterior – abdominal e quadríceps; b) posterior – glúteo e bíceps femoral, logo após o exercício, três vezes por semana, por 48 semanas. Desta forma, a associação entre fototerapia e exercício de intensidade moderada mostrou-se eficaz diminuindo o peso corporal, os depósitos de gordura corporal, o perfil lipídico e a relação do perfil glicêmico/insulínico e índices diminuindo, assim, a possibilidade de resistência à insulina. Dessa forma, a ação da tecnologia empregada no contexto da obesidade clínica ao longo desse trabalho comprova a existência de um novo mecanismo para a prática clínica multidisciplinar no tratamento da obesidade.