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This thesis deals with low-threshold institutions for juveniles. First part describes the usual clients and their problems, i.e. what are clients' needs and what the institution is supposed to offer them. Influence of the society on an individual mental development are covered as it is one of the important agents of problems in the youth. Briefly is presented the Czech streetwork association, an organization supporting low-threshold institutions. The theoretical part includes origin and historical development of low-threshold institutions, their standards, their focus group and methods of work with clients. Second part contains results of a survey carried out among low-threshold institutions workers. The questionnaire was focused on motivation for this particular job, methods of work, burnout syndrome etc. The practical part of the thesis also includes a description of a chosen institution. Personal experiences is described to complete an overview of requirements and effects of the low-threshold institutions.

Ett lågtröskelboende vänder sig till individer med missbruks- och boendeproblematik där intentionen är att erbjuda individen stöd i dennes alkoholproblematik samt en trygghet i boendet utan att ställa krav på nykterhet. Studiens syfte var att undersöka fenomenet: upplevelsen av att bo på ett lågtröskelboende utifrån ett brukarperspektiv, samt vad flytten till lågtröskelboendet har inneburit för de boendes livskvalitet. I analysen användes ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv med livsvärldsteorin som utgångspunkt. Resultatet visar studiens fenomen som existentiell samhörighet i alkoholmissbruk. Den delade alkohol- och boendeproblematiken gör att de boende upplever sig som jämlika med varandra, vilket också skapar en känsla av gemenskap och tillhörighet. Studien visar att alkoholkonsumtion, trots acceptans av alkoholbruk inom boendet, upplevs av de boende som om den minskar. Resultatet har betydelse för hur lågtröskelboenden kan utvecklas för att göra en än bättre anpassning till de boendes behov. / A low-threshold-home is a home for individuals that are struggling with alcohol addiction problems and finding it hard to find a place to stay. The intention of the home is to offer the residents support in their struggle with alcohol, and a safe place to stay, without putting pressure on the person to stay sober. The purpose of the study was to see how the individuals are coping with living at the low-threshold home and still struggling their addiction, and how the move there has changed their quality of life. A phenomenological perspective of theory of life has been used in the analysis and the results show an existential connection between the men in their alcohol-addiction. Because of their shared alcohol- and accommodation problems with addiction, the individuals feel a unity between them that creates understanding. The study shows by experiences by the residents that the acceptance of alcohol within this low-threshold-home in many cases leads to less consumption of alcohol. That is important and useful when trying to improve these low-threshold-homes even more in the future for the individuals living there.

Prescription opioid use is highly prevalent and may be replacing heroin as the predominant illicit opioid that is used. Little is known about specific prescription opioid use characteristics, or issues faced by these individuals in treatment. The major aims of the two studies comprising this thesis were: 1) to systematically and quantitatively assess different occasions of use for the prescription opioid hydromorphone; and 2) to evaluate how current substance use and psychiatric symptoms may be related in a population of prescription opioid users enrolled in a low-threshold Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program. Eighty-two participants from a low-threshold MMT program in Halifax, Nova Scotia were interviewed regarding their lifetime and current substance use, specific past occasions of hydromorphone use, and current psychiatric symptoms. A subsample of 26 participants was interviewed a second time, one day later, to assess reliability of participants’ self-report on the above-mentioned study measures. It was found that many variables were reliably reported between the two interviews by the subsample. With regards to the first major thesis aim, hydromorphone was found to be a prevalent, highly-favoured prescription opioid in the sample. Characteristics of initial, but not later, hydromorphone use varied by prescription status at initiation. Later use of hydromorphone shared many characteristics previously documented with heroin. With regards to the second major thesis aim, participants reported high rates of current substance use and psychiatric symptoms. Current substance use and psychiatric symptoms appeared to be related; notably, non-prescribed benzodiazepine use predicted depression and anxiety symptoms, and general anxiety predicted non-prescribed benzodiazepine use. In summary, while the results may not be representative of all prescription opioid users, or MMT clients, the thesis presented novel findings with a unique and vulnerable population. The findings supplement the existing literature in terms of describing how prescription opioids may be used during specific occasions, and in describing psychiatric and substance use issues faced by prescription opioid users enrolled in low-threshold MMT in Nova Scotia.

This diploma thesis is focused on testing drug users. Specifically, this thesis is concerned with testing drug users in low-threshold centres.These low-threshold centres for drug users operate in the area of secondary and tertiary prevention. Furthermore, it describes individual diseases such as HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis, their mode of transmission, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention, drug policy of the Czech Republic, the conditions for testing the abovementioned diseases in low-threshold centres and the legal framework for testing at these facilities.The practical part is divided into several research studies.The qualitative research is aimed at low-threshold centres. In this part, I am trying to determine the number of HIV, HBV and HCV tests performed in 2014. Next, the purpose of this section is also to define where the testing takes place and who is tested. The research data were obtained using a questionnaire distributed to the low-threshold centres in the CR. According to the Annual Report on Drug Epidemiology from 2014, there are 76 low-threshold centres in the Czech Rep. A total of 32 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions. Close-ended questions were used to detect the type of facility, whether the facility carries out tests for the chosen types of diseases, what type of test is used, who performs the testing and where the testing is carried out. Open-ended questions were used to determine the number of people tested. The qualitative research consists of 18 interviews with drug users from the Contact Centre Český Krumlov. Thanks to its field program, this centre operates in Český Krumlov, Větřní, Kaplice, Horní Planá, Loučovice, Frymburk, Vyšší Brod and in border regions such as Horní and Dolní Dvořiště or Studánky where the drug abuse is very problematic. The data were collected using a semistructured anonymous interview. The interview consisted of 4 areas:Data for identification purposes. Drug history.Testing.Awareness.30 questionnaires received from the respondents at the Prevent Contact Centre in České Budějovice can be found in the Appendix. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire which consisted of three basic areas. The collected data included drug history and identification information, information about testing for infectious diseases and knowledge of health risks. The thesis states 6 goals. The first 3 goals deal with mapping of HBV, HCV and HIV testing among drug users at low-threshold centres in 2014. The purpose of the fourth goal is to determine how the testing is carried out in low-threshold centres. The fifth goal attempts to establish whether drug users are interested in HBV, HCV and HIV testing. Finally, the sixth goal determines whether drug users were tested in 2014.After processing the results I established the following hypotheses which resulted from the research.H1: Drug users are interested in their health.H2:Drug users are aware of risks that result from these diseases.H3: The possibility of testing at low-threshold centres is not chosen very often by drug users.The research showed that drug users have adequate information about the risks that are associated with drug injection and injecting equipment sharing, but the average amount of performed tests is relatively low.To sum up, drug users need to be constantly informed about the importance of regular testing. In order to increase the number of tested people, it would be advisable to adapt the testing to the users' needs and also to perform more tests within field programs. It would also be helpful to link health facilities to contact centres locally.

INTRODUCTION: Drug consumption rooms (DCR) are places for the hygienic consumption of preobtained drugs in a non-judgemental environment and under the supervision of trained staff. Since 1986, the DCR have been established in 10 countries around the world. Despite the fact that Czech Republic offers wide range of services aimed to minimize the risks connected to problematic drug users, intravenous aplication still prevails. While, effectivity of DCR has already been proven, there are none in the Czech Republic. AIMS: The work aims to provide systematic and comprehensive summary of current state of knowledge regarding establishment and runing of DCR from international experiences. Additionally, the target of this work is to describe what conditions, necessary for legal establishment of DCR, were set in these countries and whether these conditions can be set in Czech Republic. Finally, the thesis analyzes whether the DCR are visited and used by clients and describes what the profile of a typical client is. METHODS: For the first part which deals with establishment of DCR, method of written text analysis based on international scientific databases was used. Second part considering the running of DCR was prepared by analyzing the webpages of individual institutions in order to find out organizational...

In my master thesis I consider the individual planning agenda within low-threshold clubs for children and young people. Within my thesis I focus on determination of the terms "individual planning" and "low-threshold club for children and young people" especially I am focused on "Nízkoprahový klub Husita" low-threshold club. The nature of my thesis is theoretical - researching and its main goal is to increase the quality of individual planning agenda in NPK Husita. The practical part of my work is focused on analysing individual plans made in 2019, pointing out the difference between them according to the age of the person making the plan, their topics, style and setting the targets of the plans according to the individual planning agenda.

and keywords Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the development of social work with clients in low-threshold facilities for children and youth in Prague. The diploma thesis contains a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is describing low-thershold facilities for children and youth (further LFCY), streetwork social work with children and youth, the LFCY's target group from the perspective of developmental psychology and also describes work with the clients of LFCY. The practical part is dedicated to the preparation, planning, and implementation of research, analysis, interviews interpretation, the outcomes of research and discussion. The research survey is qualitatively oriented and focuses on identifying changes in social work in LFCY, the target group of LFCY, and seeks to reveal the further development of LFCY. Semistruktured interviews with LFCY social workers in Prague, were used for data collection. The aim of the research is to find out the changes and development of social work with LFCY's clients in Prague during the last five years. Keywords Czech Association Streetwork, children and youth, low-threshold facilities for children and youth, low-threshold, social work, outreach social work (streetwork).

The main focus of my dissertation is how the charity Low-threshold facility for children and youth Domino and a local Primary school support and work together in providing a safe and stimulating environment for children and young adults. The dissertation has two parts - a part and a practical part. The first part is focusing on social services as per number 108/2006 Collection of Legislative Acts. I am focusing on community planning and describing the charity Low-threshold facility for children and youth in general and then Low-threshold facility for children and youth Domino Litvínov-Janov in more detail. One chapter gives an insight about how children spend their free time and the opportunities ad provisions available to them locally. The next part of my work gives reasons about the unsuitable location Litvinov-Janov. Further on the following chapter focuses on the Primary School in Janov and possible future partnership and cooperation with various organizations and charities. My main focus is to find out if the charity Low-threshold facility for children and youth Domino has a working relationship with the Primary school Janov. The secondary focus of my work is to determine how well informed the staff of the Primary school Janov are about the charity Low-threshold facility for children and youth...

This master's thesis is focused on the value orientation of the adolescents attendingthe low-threshold club services in Strakonice and Blatná. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the time period of an adolescence and the changes that happen in the life. Then, it further analyses what the values and the value orientationare, how the value orientation is build up, what is its position in a matter of researching and what are the low-threshold services for children and youth. The practical part of the thesis is based on the research which is characterised by quantitative survey that was realized at the low-threshold club for children and youth CROSS in Strakonice and STATION 17 in Blatná. The aim of the realized survey was to find out what is the value orientation of the adolescents attending these both clubs. The ascertained opinions of the adolescents correspond, to some extent, with the theoretical assumptions.