Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851841.pdf: 782450 bytes, checksum: ad355f988e92b369ceb32c2054da312e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Um dos maiores nomes da poesia portuguesa contemporânea, Nuno Júdice possui vasta obra marcada, segundo Ida Alves (2006), pela presença de uma poesia feita sobre ruínas. Suas características mais marcantes são o diálogo que promove com outras artes, as reflexões filosóficas e principalmente uma visão crítica sobre a própria poesia. Tais características, ligadas a um ambiente sombrio, de espaços desabitados ou abandonados, onde se insere um eu-lírico consciente de sua própria produção poética, são algumas das marcas de uma poesia singular, marcada por vestígios do passado. Júdice iniciou sua produção com A Noção de Poema, em que já se destacava pela retomada do sujeito lírico e pela plena ciência do poema como o lugar de discussão da linguagem poética, seus mistérios e sua tradição. Atrelado a esta produção e crítica poética, o poeta algarvio demonstra grande interesse pelo tema do amor e sua configuração como parte integrante de toda uma tradição lírica amorosa. São muitos os poemas em que o tema do amor aparece, porém sempre relacionado a um sujeito lírico melancólico e consciente da criação do poema e de sua artificialidade. A melancolia do eulírico, as imagens obscuras e a nostalgia são características de uma lírica amorosa cujo principal aspecto é a ausência. O poema parece ser o único lugar onde o sujeito encontra uma possibilidade de fugir do presente e da ausência da amada. Neste trabalho, buscaremos verificar, portanto, como esta poesia se insere numa tradição da lírica amorosa ocidental, procurando evidenciar os artifícios de que o autor se utiliza para retomar o imaginário do amor, questionar e reapresentar a subjetividade e a emotividade, recriando em sua obra um lirismo amoroso típico da contemporaneidade / One of the greatest names of contemporary Portuguese poetry, Nuno Júdice's wide work is marked, according to Ida Alves (2006), by the presence of a poetry built over ruins. His most decisive features are the dialogue established with other forms of art, the philosophical reflections and, above all the others, the critical look over his own poetry. Such features, related to dark environments, uninhabited or abandoned places and the presence of a poetic persona aware of its own poetic production, are some of the main characteristics of a singular poetry marked by references of the past. Júdice began his production with A Noção de Poema. In this work, the retake of the poetic persona and the awareness of the poetry as the ideal place to discuss the poetic language, its mysteries and traditions, are salient. Attached to this poetic criticism and production, the Algarve poet demonstrates his interest in love as a theme of poetry and its configuration as an integrant part of a loving lyrical tradition. Love is present in many of his poems, although it is always related to a melancholic lyrical subject and conscious of the poem creation and its artificiality. The poetic persona melancholy, dark images and nostalgia, are the characteristics of a loving lyric marked by absence. The poem seems to be the only place where the subject finds a possibility to run away from the present and from the absence of his beloved woman. In the present work, we seek to verify how this poetry can be inserted in a loving lyric western tradition highlighting the strategies used by the author to retake the imaginary of love, to question and restate the subjectivity and the emotionality, and to recreate a contemporaneity typical loving lyric in his work

The critical analysis section of this dissertation seeks to define the ode using examples in translation from Greek and Latin odes and examples in English written from the 1500s to the 2000s. Although most definitions of the ode contend that this subgenre of the lyric is an occasional poem of praise that includes a meditative or mythological element, the ode is far more complex. An ode is an occasional poem, but it works to privilege rather than strictly praise its subject, allowing for the speaker's ambivalence toward the subject. Meditation is a key element of the ode, since the poet uses the subject as a means for moving to the meditation or as a conduit through which the meditation occurs. The meditation in the poem is also a way for the poet or speaker to negotiate the relationship between the subject and herself; thus, the ode is concerned with power, since the poet must place herself or the speaker in relation to the subject. Power thus may be granted to either the speaker or the subject; the poet names and speaks of the subject, and often the poet names and speaks of himself in relation to the subject. Additionally, odes usually contain some exhortation, generally directed to the subject if not to those surrounding the reader or capable of "listening in" to the performance of the poem. This definition, it should be noted, is intended to be fluid. In order for a poem to be relevant to its age, it must either adhere to or usefully challenge the contemporary concerns. Thus, while many of the odes discussed will contain the elements of this definition, others will work against the definition. In the remainder of the introduction, I examine ancient models and twentieth- and twenty-first century examples of the ode as a means of exploring what an ode is and how it can undermine the elements of the definition and still work as a poem of this subgenre. In the second section of the dissertation are lyric poems, many of which fit in varying degrees the definition laid out in the critical analysis.

This dissertation considers how twentieth century British lyric poets, in continuing the traditional relationship between religion and poetry, respond to changing expectations and assumptions about poetry’s role and power—changes directly related to ongoing social processes of secularization. By combining recent critical insights from secularization theory and lyric theory with close readings of poems, essays, and letters from British poets, this dissertation shows that due to social changes that cohere around World War I, poets like Wilfred Owen, Mary Borden, and David Jones confront an unsettling of traditional strategies of lyric enchantment. This unsettling both imperils the legitimacy of lyric poetics and opens new opportunities. Poets such as Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and H.D. subsequently engage in strategies of deliberate re-enchantment to justify wide-ranging vocations, while the later Eliot, David Jones, and Elizabeth Jennings confront the limits of re-enchantment but still imagine the poetic vocation as connected to religion. In every case, this dissertation shows that lyric re-enchantment (as a distillation of the aesthetic itself) is fundamentally ambiguous; it is necessarily secular and immanent, yet it continues to imply a transcendence that can easily be put to religious or even supernatural ends. The lyric is thus a genre that uniquely registers the opportunities and challenges for the aesthetic in a secular age.

Psalms slip from cries of imprecation and lament to divine answer, from quoting the accusations and slander of the enemies to testifying to the character of Yahweh, from reflexive commands to communal imperatives. As these constructed voices and addressees oscillate, they create dialectics of distance and proximity, play with center and periphery, and fluctuate between presence and absence. The poetic devices of biblical Hebrew poetry allow for multiple voices to be heard and evoke experiences. The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate, by using a lyric poetic approach, that voicing— especially shifts in voicing—contributes to the meaning of a psalm and lyric sequence. The Psalter calls to be read as lyric poetry, a voiced genre that is heard and overheard. The vocality of the Psalter invites hearers to listen to the dynamism of shifting voices, which create dialectics of distance and proximity, presence and absence. The three chapters of analysis explore the vocalic nature of lyric poetry. These chapters address twenty-five psalms in the Hebrew Psalter. The analyses of the ten individual psalms are sorted into two chapters based on the nature of the voicing they feature: psalms that feature shifts in addressee (Pss 23, 28, 32, 76, and 146) and psalms that featured shifts in both speaker and addressee (Pss 12, 46, 52, 91, and 94). The third chapter of analysis explores vocality in a lyric sequence, the Songs of the Ascents (Pss 120-134). The interpretation of these ten individual psalms as well as the fifteen-psalm lyric sequence demonstrate how the vocality of these lyric poems contribute to the construction of meaning and the cohesion of its respective text. This study makes contributions to biblical scholarship in two main areas: 1) it advances the conversation on voicing in Hebrew lyric poetry and 2) it applies a lyric approach to biblical Hebrew poetry. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

By convention epinician poetry claims to be both obligatory and truthful, yet in the intersection of obligation and truth lies a seeming paradox: the poet presents his poetry as commissioned by a patron but also claims to be unbiased enough to convey the truth. In Slater's interpretation Pindar reconciles this paradox by casting his relationship to the patron as one of guest-friendship: when he declares himself a guest-friend of the victor, he agrees to the obligation ‘a) not to be envious of his xenos and b) to speak well of him. The argumentation is: Xenia excludes envy, I am a xenos, therefore I am not envious and consequently praise honestly’. Slater observes that envy may foster bias against the patron, but the problem of pro-patron bias remains: does the poet's friendship with and obligation to his patron produce praise at the expense of truth?

This dissertation is a study of the rhetorical uses of evaluative language in Greek lyric and elegiac poetry and inscribed epigram of the period from the seventh to the fifth century B.C.E. The discussion focuses on the poets' evaluations of human worth in three areas, each of which forms a separate chapter: martial valour, the relationship between physical appearance and inner virtue, and political or social values. Within each chapter, particular aspects of the subject under discussion are treated under separate headings. Although the literary material has been treated in various ways in the past, the inclusion of inscribed epigram alongside the other literature in this case offers evidence from a related but distinct branch of poetic tradition for the development and expression of these values; divergences between the literary and the inscriptional tradition can be quite marked, as can the different approaches taken by poets of various genres within the literary material. The attempts of previous scholarship to define clear and consistent systems or codes of value represented in the poetry and to trace their development over this period have been generally unconvincing, but the poets' deployment of evaluative language does show some discernible patterns which appear to be related more to genre and poetic tradition than to the purely chronological processes of development that have been proposed by other scholars.

This thesis presents a study of events in the life of Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, a lyric poetess and dramatist during the Romantic period, as motivating forces in her literary career. As might be expected in the case of a true representative of the Romantic period, Avellaneda's passions and personal life are reflected in all of her works. She uses human and divine love as the main themes throughout all of her literary production, especially in her lyric poetry and the four tragedies chosen for this study: Munio Alfonso (1844), El Príncipe de Viana (1844), Saúl (1849), and Baltasar (1858).

In the Spin is a semi-autobiographical collection of poetry, dealing primarily with themes of family, marital infidelity, loyalty, the female body, and the tension between political vs. aesthetic existence. This is a collection of poems influenced by the work of French Feminism, Shakespeare and Faulkner, and hybrid lyric-narrative poets of the last fifty years.

Alguns estudiosos já apontaram fórmulas nos resquícios da obra de Safo e Alceu. O estudo das expressões tradicionais em Homero deu origem, no século XX, às investigações oralistas da épica grega. Ao analisar as conjunções de nome e epíteto nas epopeias homéricas, Milman Parry viu na linguagem épica dicção tradicional e herdada, destinada a facilitar a composição dos cantos. Mais tarde, em contato com outras tradições poéticas, Parry sugeriu que esse caráter tradicional se devia à oralidade da poesia homérica. Seu discípulo Albert Lord e outros estudiosos expandiram suas conclusões, descrevendo o funcionamento das fórmulas e de outras unidades tradicionais, como temas narrativos e tipos de canção. Estudar semelhantes elementos na poesia lésbia é mais difícil, devido a seu estado fragmentário. No entanto, os poucos resquícios mostram consideráveis reiterações de fórmulas, temas e tipos de canto, o que, junto ao caráter herdado e especializado do dialeto, sugere uma dicção oral-tradicional lésbia independente. Ao mesmo tempo, os poetas eólicos partilham as mesmas unidades com outros poetas arcaicos (jônicos ou dóricos), o que aponta para a existência de linguagem poética tradicional pan-helênica, apesar das diferenças genéricas e regionais. Essa semelhança permite que se comparem o emprego de elementos tradicionais ao longo de toda produção arcaica (e mesmo clássica). Por muito tempo, a dicção tradicional da epopeia foi encarada principalmente do ponto de vista da composição, mas sobretudo as investigações de John Miles Foley mostraram que ela também é um recurso de significação, que condicionava a recepção das canções pela audiência (tão fluente nessa linguagem especializada quanto o poeta). Foley nomeia o fenômeno referencialidade tradicional. Também se pode identificar semelhante referencialidade tradicional na poesia lésbia. Quatro fragmentos de Safo (frr. 1, 16, 31 e o Poema dos Irmãos) prestam-se à investigação, por sua extensão. Compostos no mesmo metro (a estrofe sáfica), também permitem observar a relação entre tradição, significação e versificação na canção eólica. Os fragmentos acabam por demonstrar vários paralelos formulares e temáticos, tanto com composições lésbias como com a mélica em geral, a elegia, o iambo e a epopeia. As proximidades sugerem que também a referencialidade tradicional é pan-helênica e, por outro lado, que a abordagem comparativa, sob esse viés teórico, é útil para elucidação da composição e do sentido dos cantos. Também se mostrou que a métrica parece importante elemento de significação tradicional, havendo estreita relação entre as expectativas métricas e a estrutura dos fragmentos. / Some scholars have identified formulae in the poetic remains of Sappho and Alcaeus. In the 20th Century, the study of traditional expressions in Homer originated the oralist approach to Greek epic. Analysing noun-epithet clusters in the Homeric poems, Milman Parry characterized epic language as traditional, inherited diction, which enabled composition. Later, studying other traditional poetries, Parry linked the traditonal character of epic diction to its oral nature. His disciple Albert Lord and other scholars built on his conclusions, describing how formulae and other traditional unities (such as narrative themes and song patterns) work. Analysing similar elements in Lesbian is conditioned by its fragmentary state. However, the few remains contain several repeated formulae, themes and song patterns. Like the inherited and specialized dialect, this repetition suggests an autonomous oral-traditional Lesbian diction. At the same time, Aeolic poets share the same traditional units as other archaic poets (Ionian or Dorian). This points to the existence of a Panhellenic poetic language, despite generic and regional differences. These similarities allow comparing traditional elements throughout the whole surviving archaic (and even classic) output. For a long time, traditional diction was considered to be a means of composition. Nonetheless, mainly John Miles Foley\'s studies have shown that it is also a way of meaning, which frames the audience\'s reception (who were as fluent in this specialized language as the singer). Foley names this phenomenon traditional referentiality. One could also ask whether this expedient is to be found in Lesbian poetry. Given their extent, four fragments of Sappho (frr. 1, 16, 31 and \"The Brothers\' Poem\") are useful to this investigation. Composed in the same metre (the Sapphic stanza), they also provide a case for the study of the interaction of tradition, meaning and versifying in Aeolic song. The poems have numerous formulaic and thematic parallels to both Lesbian compostions and general Greek lyric, elegiac, iambic and epic poetry. Traditional referentiality seems to be Pan- Hellenic and comparative approaches under this theoretical point of view appear to be useful to explain the songs\' composition and meaning. It has also been shown that metre seems to be an important element in Aeolic traditional meaning production. There is a close relationship between metrical expectations and the fragments\' structure.

A questão do intimismo tem ocupado um grande espaço de discussão nos estudos literários com abordagens críticas que ou veem na obra de arte um reflexo da vida do autor, ou tendem a negar qualquer valor subjetivo do texto literário (falando-se, até, na morte do autor). Cada um dos enfoques atribui uma importância diferente para o texto literário. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as representações do eu na poesia de Pessanha sem, no entanto, fazer de sua poesia motivo para levantamentos biográficos do poeta. Buscou-se, a princípio, comparar as possíveis relações existentes entre intimismo e modernidade e, estendendo tal relação, comparou-se o intimismo de Pessanha com dois outros poetas significativos da lírica portuguesa do século XIX. Depois, investigou-se, partindo-se de leituras em close reading de poemas do autor, as relações que o eu e o outro estabelecem na poesia de Pessanha. Para tanto, utilizou-se a noção de vulnerabilidade e de estranheza do ser do filósofo Emanuel Lévinas. Por último, foram investigadas as representações diretas do eu e as representações do eu em terceira pessoa. / The issue of intimism has occupied a large area of discussion in literary studies with critical approaches that, or see in a work of art a reflecting the life of the author, or tend to deny any subjective value the literary texts (talking, until, in \" author\'s death\"). Each of the approaches attaches a different importance to the literary text. This research aimed to investigate the representations of \"self\" in the poetry of Pessanha without, however, make of his poetry reason to the poet\'s biographical surveys. At first, we sought to compare the possibles relationships existents between intimism and modernity and, extending this relationship, we compare the intimism of Pessanha with two other significant poets of the nineteenth-century Portuguese poetry. Subsequently, we investigate starting from the reading in close reading of poems by the author, the relationship between the self\" and the \"other\" in the poetry of Pessanha. For both, the notion of vulnerability and strangeness of the being of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas was utilized. Finally, we investigate the direct representations of the \"self and representations of the \"self\" in third person.