Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of hundreds of wireless sensors which collaborate to perform a common task. Because of the small size of wireless sensors, they have some serious limitations including very low computation capability and battery reserve. Such resource limitations require that WSN protocols to be extremely efficient. In this thesis, we focus on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in WSNs. We propose a MAC scheme, V-MAC, for WSNs that extends that lifetime of the network. We compare V-MAC with other MAC schemes. V-MAC uses a special mechanism to divide sensors in different groups and then all the members of a group go to sleep at the same time. V-MAC protects WSNs against denial of sleep and broadcast attacks. We present the V-MAC scheme in details and evaluate it with simulations. Our simulations show that V-MAC enjoys significantly higher throughput and network lifetime compared to other schemes.

This master thesis focuses on the Apple's iPad in the educational institutions and provides reader with the compact overview about the device in this field. Firstly, it shows the strategy of the company in the Europe and the Czech Republic. Secondly, there are mentioned iPad competitors from the different perspectives and the comparison. Thirdly, iPad usage in the schools; if it is even suitable device for this field and how students and educators can benefit from it. This is followed by the survey among the high school and university students. The questionnaire was divided into the two groups -- non-iPad users and iPad users. And lastly the thesis shows various case studies from the different schools and how the iPad can be implemented into the curriculums. Also contains recommendations and the best practises from the different high schools and universities, which can be inspiring for the new iPad pilot projects.

Esta pesquisa debruça-se sobre o acervo de arte conceitual do mac-usp, mais especificamente sobre as obras da artista Gretta Sarfaty (1947) entre os anos de 1975 e 1980. As fotografias e performances experimentais da artistas são compreendidas e analisadas à luz da crítica de arte feminista, propondo conexões com os contextos nacionais e internacionais. Em tempos de ditadura militar, Gretta Sarfaty explora os limites do corpo, engendrando crítica cultural aos padrões de beleza estabelecidos e às possibilidades subjetivas dadas ao feminino. Propõe-se, ainda, um panorama da formação de uma historiografia da arte feminista e paralelos entre as artistas que estavam produzindo poéticas permeadas por pautas do feminismo, declaradamente ou não, no Brasil, nos Estados Unidos, na Europa na época. Um sobrevôo sobre as iniciativas recentes do mac-usp em tratar do tema arte e mulheres também é alçado. / This research focuses on the mac-usp conceptual art collection, specifically on the works of artist Gretta Sarfaty (1947) between the years 1975 and 1980. The photographs and experimental performances of the artist are understood and analyzed in the light of feminist art criticism, proposing connections with national and international contexts. In times of military dictatorship, Gretta Sarfaty explored the limits of the body, engendering cultural criticism to the established beauty standards and the subjective possibilities given to the feminine. We also propose a panorama of the formation of a historiography of feminist art along with parallels between the artists who were producing poetics permeated by feminist revindications, whether or not they were declared, in Brazil, in the United States and in Europe at the time. A glimpse of mac-usps recent initiatives in addressing art and womens issues is also given.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T19:42:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VILMA RIBEIRO DE ALMEIDA.pdf: 4414274 bytes, checksum: fb66e9d7049244a8459ee73a11be217e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T19:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VILMA RIBEIRO DE ALMEIDA.pdf: 4414274 bytes, checksum: fb66e9d7049244a8459ee73a11be217e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-24 / This work, inscribed in the line of research on Education, Society and Culture, has, as its object of study, Popular Education with children and as its field of study, the experience of the Movement of Adolescents and Children groups (MAC).For this, part of it starts from the following researching problem: what characterizes the MAC project in the socio-politicaleducational perspective for the development of children in contexts of Popular Education? Thus, the objective is to analyze the concepts, principles and practices of popular education, experienced by children and adults from the socio-political-educational project of MAC; to investigate how these values contribute to the recognition of the child as a subject of the rights in the context of popular education and to grasp the presence/absence of the concepts, principles and practices of MAC in the words of teenagers, egressed from the Movement of Adolescents and Children (MAC) To understand these assumptions, studies and researches are taken as references in the light of the theoretical framework of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism since their main categories of analysis allow us to understand the reality and the praxis in pursuit of social transformation, that is, of a historical becoming. This work was anchored in: Marx (2006); Brandão (2002a; 2006), Freire (2003; 2006; 2014), Arroyo (2012; 2004), Sarmento (2005; 2008); Siqueira (2011); Fernandes (2009); Ariès (1981), Kramer (1999; 2006); Gaitán; Liebel (2012); Espinar (2003); Cussianovich; Marques (2002), among others. In the field research, according to the established criteria, we tried to observe the meeting of two groups of the Movement of Adolescent and Children so that, at the end, eight meetings were documented through filmic records. There were also four interviews, two with the attendants and two with teenagers egressed from MAC. This work is divided into three chapters that comment on general discussions on the relationship among Subject, Education and Society; principles and concepts in the voices of adult subjects (attendants and young graduates) focusing on some themes such as Popular Education, participation, dialogical, ethical and critical training and political education and also the insights from the children's voices on law, citizenship, participation and leadership. Regarding the survey results, it is distinguished that the child's voice is a polyphonic one and that the presence of adults in groups gives a hierarchically superior form. However, we see the political and educational importance of Popular Education with children and this is done mediated by the dialogical action that in its essence stimulates curiosity, allows the construction of knowledge, explicits dreams, demands criticality and requires commitment. It is worth noting the importance of educational activities developed by MAC that, even if incipient, presents itself as an emancipatory space of civic education in the perspective of the child’s autonomy. / O presente trabalho, inscrito na linha de pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Cultura, tem como objeto de estudo a Educação Popular com crianças e como campo de estudo a experiência dos grupos do Movimento de Adolescentes e Crianças (MAC). Portanto procura elucidar o problema da pesquisa a partir da seguinte questão central: o que caracteriza o projeto do MAC na perspectiva sócio-político-educativa para a formação de crianças em contextos de Educação Popular? Desta forma, objetiva-se analisar as concepções, princípios e práticas da educação popular, vivenciadas por crianças e adultos a partir projeto sócio- político-educativo do MAC; e a investigar como tais valores contribuem para o reconhecimento da criança como sujeito de direitos no contexto da Educação Popular; apreender, nas falas de jovens egressos do Movimento de Adolescentes e Crianças (MAC), a presença/ausência das concepções, princípios e práticas do MAC. Para a compreensão desses pressupostos tomam-se como referências de estudos e pesquisas à luz da matriz teórica do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético uma vez que suas categorias centrais de análise permitem compreender a realidade e a práxis, em busca da transformação social, portanto, do devir histórico. Este trabalho ancorou-se em: Marx (2006); Brandão (2002a; 2006), Freire (2003; 2006; 2014), Arroyo (2012; 2004), Sarmento (2005; 2008); Siqueira (2011); Fernandes (2009); Ariès (1981), Kramer (1999; 2006); Gaitán; Liebel (2012); Espinar (2003); Cussianóvich; Marques (2002), dentre outros. Na pesquisa de campo, de acordo com os critérios preestabelecidos, buscou-se observar as reuniões de dois grupos do Movimento de Adolescentes e Crianças, ao final foram documentados oito encontros, por meio de registros fílmicos. Realizaram-se, também quatro entrevistas, sendo duas com acompanhantes dos grupos e duas com jovens egressos do MAC. Este trabalho esta dividido em três capítulos que tecem discussões de modo geral acerca da relação sujeito, educação e sociedade; princípios e concepções nas vozes dos sujeitos adultos (acompanhantes e jovens egressos) enfocando algumas temáticas como: Educação Popular, participação, dialogicidade, formação ético-crítica e formação política e ainda as compreensões a partir das vozes das crianças sobre: direito, cidadania, participação e protagonismo. Em relação aos resultados da pesquisa destaca-se que a voz da criança é uma voz polifônica e que a presença dos adultos nos grupos se dá de forma hierarquicamente superior. No entanto, percebe-se a importância política e pedagógica da Educação Popular com crianças e esta se faz mediada pela ação dialógica que em sua essência estimula a curiosidade, possibilita a construção de conhecimento, explicita sonhos, exige criticidade e requer compromisso. Ressalta-se ainda, a importância da ação educativa desenvolvida pelo MAC, mesmo que de forma incipiente, se apresenta como um espaço emancipatório de formação cidadã, numa perspectiva de autonomia da criança.

A leptospirose é causada por bactérias que pertencem ao gênero Leptospira. Em um estudo realizado por nosso grupo, observou-se que as proteases secretadas por leptospiras patogênicas foram capazes de clivar a molécula C3 do Complemento e seus fragmentos C3b e iC3b, além de Fator B, C4b e C2. Neste trabalho expandimos a análise da atividade proteolítica sobre os componentes do Complexo de Ataque à Membrana (MAC): C6, C7, C8 e C9. Nós observamos que essas proteases clivam todos os componentes do MAC inclusive o complexo solúvel formado e que essas clivagens ocorrem de modo tempo-dependente. Além disso, as clivagens dessas moléculas ocorrem de modo seletivo, pois mesmo utilizando quantidades reduzidas de sobrenadantes ainda foi possível observar produtos de clivagem. A atividade proteolítica foi inibida pela 1,10fenantrolina, indicando a participação de metaloproteases. O reconhecimento de quais moléculas do MAC são clivadas por proteases de leptospiras patogênicas pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas na infecção por estes patógenos. / Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. In a previous study, our group observed that the proteases secreted by Pathogenic Leptospira were capable of cleaving C3 of Complement, as well as the fragments C3b and iC3b, Factor B (Alternative Pathway), C4 and C2 (Classical and Lectin Pathways). In this work, we analyze the activity of the leptospiral proteases on the components of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). We observed that the protease cleaves all MAC components including soluble complex formed and that these cleavages occur in a time-dependent manner and in a selective way, since even when reduced quantities of supernatants were used, the cleavage products were still observed. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10phenanthroline, indicating the participation of metalloproteinases. The recognition that MAC molecules are cleaved by proteases of pathogenic leptospires can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for the infection by these pathogens.

"Due to the dramatic growth in the use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications - ranging from environment and habitat monitoring to tracking and surveillance, network research in WSN protocols has been very active in the last decade. With battery-powered sensors operating in unattended environments, energy conservation becomes the key technique for improving WSN lifetimes. WSN Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols address energy awareness and reduced duty cycles since the radio is the component that consumes most of the energy. This thesis investigates the performance of two recently published energy-aware MAC protocols, Crankshaft and SCP-MAC. Crankshaft has been shown to be one of the best protocols in terms of energy consumption in dense WSNs while SCP-MAC has a dedicated low duty cycle and low average latencies. The focus of this investigation is to discover techniques for reducing the latency of Crankshaft. Using OMNeT++, an open source and component-based simulation framework, this study investigates possible modifications to Crankshaft to improve its latency. The potential improvements considered include modifications to Crankshaft’s retransmission contention scheme (Sift), adjustments to its inherent settings, and investigating the impact of ACKs. Since OMNeT++ readily provided only a variant of SCP-MAC identified as SCP-MAC*, the simulations results presented involve comparing variants of both protocols (Crankshaft and SCP-MAC*). The performance of these protocols is also analyzed using distinct sensor node communication patterns. It was determined that Crankshaft’s latency depends on its ACK/Retransmission settings. Specifically, Crankshaft has the best latency with No ACKs, without much loss in energy consumption. But the latency can also be improved when ACKs are enabled by reducing the number of retries. Furthermore, the latency and delivery ratio are also directly governed by the WSN traffic pattern and the congestion in the network, as there was a noticeable improvement for both parameters in one-hop traffic, compared to multi-hop convergecast traffic to the sink. Finally, it was observed that Crankshaft’s broadcast performance in flooding traffic can be improved by increasing the number of broadcast slots used, though this is detrimental to its performance in unicast traffic."

Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil sont conçus dans le but de remplir différentes tâches de surveillance dans des conditions environnementales variées. Ces petits appareils électroniques sont capables de détecter, traiter et transmettre des données environnementales avec des communications multi-sauts et peuvent par conséquent aussi se coordonner. En même temps, ces dispositifs ont des ressources limitées (mémoire, capacités de calcul) et doivent fonctionner le plus souvent sur des batteries. C’est pour ces raisons que les recherches menées dans le domaine des réseaux de capteurs possèdent naturellement une forte partie qui concerne la réduction de la consommation d’énergie et une auto-organisation du réseau.Nos recherches considèrent les applications critiques de surveillance. Ces applications peuvent avoir des exigences très différentes des réseaux de capteurs traditionnels. De plus, nous utilisons des capteurs images, dont l’activité est définie en fonction de la criticité de l’application. Un ordonnancement basé sur la criticité permet de définir des nœuds sentinelles qui possèderont une vitesse de capture plus grande, cela afin d’avoir une probabilité plus élevée de détecter des intrusions et d’alerter leurs nœuds voisins. Au niveau de la couche de contrôle d’accès au medium (couche MAC), les approches alternant activité-sommeil (consistant à allumer et éteindre la radio de manière cyclique) sont utilisées pour préserver l’énergie et prolonger la durée de vie du réseau. Cependant, tout en conservant l’énergie, les applications critiques de surveillance ne doivent pas compromettre la qualité de la surveillance et le réseau doit être toujours en mesure de propager rapidement les messages d’alerte. Notre but est de définir un protocole MAC qui pourrait réduire la latence de propagation d’alerte ainsi que de prolonger la durée de vie du réseau. Nous proposons tout d’abord une approche originale pour déterminer dynamiquement la durée de la période d’activité radio des nœuds pour augmenter la probabilité de propager rapidement les alertes. Les résultats des simulations ont confirmé que notre approche réussit à améliorer la réactivité du système par rapport à une approche statique. En même temps, notre proposition permet de réduire considérablement la consommation d’énergie du réseau. Ensuite, nous avons implémenter notre approche sur des capteurs réels et les résultats obtenus sont très proches des résultats de simulation. / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed for the purpose of completing different monitoring tasks under various environmental conditions. The small electronic devices called sensors are capable of sensing, processing and communicating the environmental data through multi-hop communication and coordination. These devices have limited resources (memory, computing capabilities) and usually run on batteries. This is the reason the research on wireless sensor networks have been focused on energy efficiency and self-organization of the network. We consider mission-critical surveillance applications in our research work. These applications can have different requirements than traditional WSNs. In addition, we use image sensor nodes, whose activity is defined based on criticality of the application. The criticality-based scheduling scheme defines sentry nodes with faster capture rates, to have higher probability to detect intrusions and to alert neighbor nodes. At Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer level, duty cycled approaches are used to preserve energy and prolong the network lifetime. However, while conserving energy, mission-critical surveillance applications cannot compromise on quality of surveillance and the network should still be able to quickly propagate the alert messages. In this thesis, we propose a low latency, energy efficient adaptive MAC protocol. We first propose an original approach to dynamically determine the duty-cycle length of sensor nodes to increase the probability of quick propagation of alerts. Simulation results confirmed that our approach succeeds in improving the system responsiveness when compared to a static duty-cycling approach. At the same time, our proposition considerably reduces the energy consumption of the network. Then, we implemented our approach on sensor node hardware and results were found to be very close to our simulation results.

A leptospirose é causada por bactérias que pertencem ao gênero Leptospira. Em um estudo realizado por nosso grupo, observou-se que as proteases secretadas por leptospiras patogênicas foram capazes de clivar a molécula C3 do Complemento e seus fragmentos C3b e iC3b, além de Fator B, C4b e C2. Neste trabalho expandimos a análise da atividade proteolítica sobre os componentes do Complexo de Ataque à Membrana (MAC): C6, C7, C8 e C9. Nós observamos que essas proteases clivam todos os componentes do MAC inclusive o complexo solúvel formado e que essas clivagens ocorrem de modo tempo-dependente. Além disso, as clivagens dessas moléculas ocorrem de modo seletivo, pois mesmo utilizando quantidades reduzidas de sobrenadantes ainda foi possível observar produtos de clivagem. A atividade proteolítica foi inibida pela 1,10fenantrolina, indicando a participação de metaloproteases. O reconhecimento de quais moléculas do MAC são clivadas por proteases de leptospiras patogênicas pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas na infecção por estes patógenos. / Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. In a previous study, our group observed that the proteases secreted by Pathogenic Leptospira were capable of cleaving C3 of Complement, as well as the fragments C3b and iC3b, Factor B (Alternative Pathway), C4 and C2 (Classical and Lectin Pathways). In this work, we analyze the activity of the leptospiral proteases on the components of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). We observed that the protease cleaves all MAC components including soluble complex formed and that these cleavages occur in a time-dependent manner and in a selective way, since even when reduced quantities of supernatants were used, the cleavage products were still observed. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10phenanthroline, indicating the participation of metalloproteinases. The recognition that MAC molecules are cleaved by proteases of pathogenic leptospires can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for the infection by these pathogens.

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T19:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 D2014 - Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro de Barros Barateiro .pdf: 6039808 bytes, checksum: 44d3013c2830bb2b96f353a17b0bf002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T19:41:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D2014 - Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro de Barros Barateiro .pdf: 6039808 bytes, checksum: 44d3013c2830bb2b96f353a17b0bf002 (MD5) / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um modelo de implementação da automação destinada ao controle de processos industriais em plantas petroquímicas, cujos projetos são enquadrados como complexos pelas suas particularidades. O modelo criado aplica-se no conceito do Main Automation Contractor (MAC – Contratista Principal da Automação) onde uma única empresa é responsável pela automação de todo o empreendimento. Este trabalho é uma continuação da dissertação de mestrado do autor onde foram encontrados os construtos que justificam a elaboração do modelo proposto. O levantamento de dados foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com o corpo gerencial de mais alto nível das empresas envolvidas na construção de três grandes plantas petroquimicas. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa com aplicação de uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo e serviram para levantamento das condições de aplicação e a validação do modelo. A pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória teve por finalidade obter maior conhecimento sobre os temas principais incluindo uma análise sobre a evolução da automação e dos modelos de contratação praticados pela indústria, além da análise dos impactos da automação no ciclo de vida desses projetos e das metodologias de seleção de fornecedores. A pesquisa concluiu sobre a viabilidade de utilização do modelo proposto que é composto de três partes: a) a escolha do fornecedor do MAC; b) sua participação nas fases iniciais do projeto (FEED - Front End Engineering and Design) e; c) o processo de implementação do projeto de automação. A automação para o controle de processos industriais, principalmente destinado a grandes plantas petroquimicas é de fundamental importância para a otimização dos resultados desses investimentos e o modelo apresentado é suficientemente robusto, permitindo uma padronização das atividades e a minimização de subjetividades que podem ocorrer sem apoio de uma metodologia adequada. / The main objective of this work is the development of an automation implementation model designed to industrial process control in petrochemical plants, whose projects are classified as complex by its peculiarities. The created model applies the concept of Main Automation Contractor (MAC) which one company is responsible for automation of the entire project. This work is a continuation of the master science program of author that has found the constructs that justify the proposed model. The survey was based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with the top management team of companies involved in construction of three large petrochemical plants. The results were obtained by a qualitative approach with application of a content analysis methodology and were used to identify the application conditions and model validation. The exploratory literature search aimed to gain more knowledge about key topics including a discussion on the automation evolution and contract models practiced by the industry, besides studying the automation impacts in the life cycle of these projects and methods of supplier selection. The research concluded on the feasibility of the proposed model, which is composed of three parts: a) the choice of the MAC vendor; b) their participation in the early stages of design (FEED - Front End Engineering and Design) and; c) the process of implementation of the automation project. Automation for industrial process control, mainly to large petrochemical plants, is crucial for optimizing the results of these investments and the model is sufficiently robust, allowing standardization activities and to minimize subjectivity that can occur without the support of an appropriate methodolog.

Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento da rede de arte postal na América Latina desde o seu início no final da década de 1960 até a sua presença da XVI Bienal de São Paulo em 1981. Para isso, são retomadas as redes latino-americanas de trocas de poesia experimental estruturadas na década de 1960. Em seguida, são descritas as trajetórias de alguns dos protagonistas da arte postal nesta região, bem como as exposições e publicações coletivas que eles organizaram. Nesse momento, são abordadas as manifestações da rede de arte postal na Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, El Salvador, México, Uruguai e Venezuela. Por fim, é analisado o caso específico do Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo (MAC USP), explicitando como essa instituição conectou-se organicamente à rede. Esta pesquisa tem como ponto de partida acervo de arte conceitual do MAC USP e acompanha a expansão da rede a partir das grandes mostras coletivas realizadas entre 1972 e 1981 na América Latina. Além disso, destaca a relação da arte postal com as ditaduras militares como decisiva na caracterização desta prática entre os latino-americanos. / This study is about the development of the mail art network in Latin America since its beginning at the end of the 60s until its presence on the XVI Biennial of São Paulo in 1981. For this purpose, the Latin American networks of experimental poetry exchange, structured in the 60s, are recaptured. After this, the trajectories of some of the mail art protagonists in this region are described, as well as the collective exhibitions and publications that they organized. At this point, the demonstrations of the mail art networks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela are approached. Finally, the specific case of the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo (MAC USP) is analyzed, explaining how that institution connected itself organically to the mail art network. This research starts with the conceptual art collection of the MAC USP and follows the expansion of the network from the large collective exhibitions performed between 1972 and 1981 in Latin America. Besides that, it emphasizes the relation between mail art and the military dictatorships as a decisive part of the characterization of this practice among Latin American.