In the past few years, the number of e-scooter rental services has rapidly increased in Sweden and across Europe. The increased usage of e-scooters has created problems, for example with accessibility on sidewalks and traffic safety. Consequently, the e-scooter industry has become a highly debated topic. This case study examined how Voi Technology communicate to profile themselves as legitimate, based on Max Weber’s principles of legitimation and Mark C. Suchman’s legitimation strategies. Three research questions were formulated to be able to fulfill the aim of the study: 1) Which of Suchman’s strategies to maintain legitimacy can be distinguished in Voi Technology’s external communication? 2) Which of Suchman’s strategies to repair legitimacy can be distinguished in Voi Technology’s external communication? 3) Which of Weber’s principles of legitimation can be distinguished in Voi Technology’s external communication? 30 posts from Voi’s social media accounts on Instagram, Facebook and Linkedin were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis and a semiotic analysis. The results showed that Voi are using the strategies “protect accomplishments” and “perceive change” to maintain legitimacy and the strategies “normalize” and “restructure” to repair legitimacy. The study did also find the legal-rational and charismatic principles of legitimation in Voi’s communication. The traditional principle of legitimation could not be found. Instead, Voi often presented themselves as non-traditional and innovative. This study contributes with more knowledge about how organizations can communicate to get legitimacy, when an organization or market is being questioned.

Introduktion: För att utnyttja och bibehålla anestesisjuksköterskors kompetens finns det olika lösningar i det prehospitala Sverige idag. Vissa regioner väljer att utnyttja dennes kunskap och kompetens maximalt med rotationstjänster och anestesidelegeringar, som sträcker sig utanför sjukhusets väggar. På så vis kan bland annat den prehospitala kompetensen att hantera svåra luftvägar förstärkas. En kompetens som enbart finns inom anestesisjuksköterskans kompetensområde. Andra regioner väljer att inte erbjuda rotationstjänster, trots att studier visar på svårigheter att upprätthålla kunskap och kompetens vid enbart prehospitalt arbete, då de akuta patienterna inte är tillräckligt många. Rotationstjänst kan vara ett sätt att bibehålla den prehospitala personalens luftvägskunskap och kompetens. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser av att rotera mellan operation och prehospitalt arbete. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats där nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med anestesisjuksköterskors som arbetar/arbetat både på operation och på ambulans genomfördes. Alla intervjuer transkriberades ordagrant och datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Det krävs mognad, erfarenhet, trygghet och fingertoppskänsla, Kompetensen breddas och förbättras samt att en bättre helhetsbild skapas, Regelbundet arbete på operation krävs för att bibehålla sin kompetens som anestesisjuksköterska prehospitalt och slutligen, Vikten av att få använda sin kompetens och ha möjlighet att ge läkemedel. Diskussion: För att anestesisjuksköterskor ska kunna rotera krävs erfarenhet både från operation och från prehospital verksamhet. Det är viktigt att anestesisjuksköterskan känner sig trygg i sin yrkesroll på båda platserna. Det finns ett behov av att ha personal som har kompetens och kan hantera den ofria luftvägen prehospitalt. Det finns en önskan att få fortsätta utvecklas i sin roll som anestesisjuksköterska prehospitalt, till exempel genom att få lägga blockader, vilket redan görs prehospitalt på olika platser i världen.

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The treatment alliance has been described in the field of research to play an important role in the recovery of patients in psychiatric care. However there has been relatively little research concerning the treatment alliance specifically with children. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the role of the treatment alliance and how professionals work with the treatment alliance with children. Data was collected using qualitative interviews with six professionals from different Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Intermediate Care units located in Stockholm. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes that emerged were; The different dimensions of the treatment alliance, To create entrances and To take care of a treatment alliance. The theoretical tools that were used to interpret the results of this study were role theory and concepts from Child Alliance Process Theory. Our conclusions showed that professionals need to develop a treatment alliance not only with the child but also with their parents. Professionals also described the work with the treatment alliance as a two-part process that contains ways for professionals to develop and nurture the treatment alliance with children.

The Nigerian microfinance banks often close their offices abruptly, leading to the loss of shareholders' funds. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore strategies microfinance bank directors use to maintain business sustainability. The concepts of microfinance banking, sustainability value, and strategic management theory formed the conceptual framework for this study. Twenty managing directors from microfinance banks in the Anambra state of Nigeria participated in semistructured interviews. The data analysis process involved the use of Moussakas' modified van Kaam process, which resulted in the emergence of 3 themes: strategic management, fear of microlending, and maintaining sustainability. The emergent themes indicated the necessity of a strategic management focus on maintenance of sustainability, growth in microfinance banking knowledge, best practice implementations, savings mobilization, technological input, and expansion of microlending services. The implications for positive social change involved the potential for bank directors to apply these findings to improve Nigerian microfinance banking performance and provide regular payments of shareholders' dividends. The increase in shareholders' funds and provision of credit administration to indigent Nigerians may contribute to economic growth within local communities, decrease crime, and increase income generating business activities in Nigeria.

Redovisningskonsultens reaktioner på förändringarna som digitaliseringen medför är ett relevant ämne att studera eftersom digitaliseringens utveckling i form av bland annat automatiserade arbetsuppgifter är något som är en pågående process. Särskilt intressant är det att studera redovisningskonsultens reaktioner på förändringarna eftersom redovisningskonsultens reaktioner kan påverka implementeringen av digitala arbetssätt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka reaktioner och känslor som kommer till uttryck hos de redovisningskonsulter som är verksamma inom redovisningsbranschen till följd av digitaliseringens påverkan och förändringar. Studien baseras på kvalitativ forskning i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex redovisningskonsulter för att försöka tolka och förstå deras upplevelser kring de förändringar digitaliseringens utveckling medför på deras yrkesbransch. Intervjuerna kompletteras med en kvantitativ metod i form av enkätutskick. Studien använder sig av institutionellt arbete som den huvudsakliga referensramen, vilken kompletteras med diffusion of innovation i syfte att kunna förklara varför vissa redovisningskonsulter accepterar, respektive avvisar de digitala förändringarna. Med hjälp av teorierna syftar studien till att kunna besvara varför redovisningskonsulter till följd av sina reaktioner och känslor engagerar sig i att skapa, bevara eller förstöra institutioner. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen studien kommit fram till är att redovisningskonsulter på en redovisningsbyrå aktivt arbetar för att skapa och bevara institutionen. Det finns inga reaktioner och känslor bland deltagarna som tyder på att de vill förstöra den befintliga institutionen eller att det råder något missnöje kring den. De som har varit verksamma i branschen under en kortare tid tycks ha en mer positiv inställning till förändringarna och arbetar aktivt för att deras byrå ska gå mot dito. Däremot tycks de som varit verksamma under en längre tid påvisa reaktioner och känslor som tyder på att de visar motstånd till förändringarna. Att vissa redovisningskonsulter är motståndare kan förklaras av graden av osäkerhet som kommer med digitaliseringens utveckling. / Accounting consultants’ reactions to the changes that digitalization entails are a relevant subject to study since the development of digitalization in the form of, among other things, automated tasks are an ongoing process. It is particularly interesting to study the reactions of accounting consultants to the changes, as their reactions can affect the implementation of digital working methods. The purpose of the following study is to investigate what reactions and emotions are expressed by the accounting consultants who are working in the accounting industry as a result of the digitalization’s influence and changes. This study is based on qualitative research with semi-structured interviews of six accounting consultants to try to interpret and understand their experiences regarding the changes that the development of digitalization brings to their professional sector. The interviews were complemented by a quantitative method in the form of survey mailing. This study used institutional work as the main theoretical framework, which is supplemented by the diffusion of innovation in order to be able to explain why some accounting consultants accept or reject the digital changes. Using these theories, this study aims to answer why accounting consultants, as a result of their reactions and emotions, engage in creating, maintaining or disrupting institutions. The main conclusion reached by the study is that accounting consultants in one accounting firm actively work to create and maintain institutions. There are no feelings among the participants that indicate that they want to disrupt the existing institution or that there is some dissatisfaction about it. Those who have been working in the accounting industry for a shorter period seem to have a more positive attitude towards the changes and therefore actively works to ensure that their agency moves towards the changes. However, those who have been working in the accounting industry for a long time seem to demonstrate reactions and emotions which show that they are contradictory to changes. The fact that some accounting consultants are opponents of changes can be explained by the degree of uncertainty that comes with the development of digitalization.

The aims of this licentiate thesis were to explore and describe female and male patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care and to illuminate the conceptions from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was used. The participants, 17 male (Study I) and 15 female patients (Study II), all of whom had undergone medical or surgical care, were strategically selected and interviewed. The identified conceptions were also analysed from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. Three description categories emerged among the male patients (Study I); self-respect, dignity and confidence, while maintaining the self, dignity and confidence were the description categories found among the female patients (Study II). Male patients’ description of self-respect and female patients’ description of maintaining the self were for the most part similar although there were some differences. The conceptions revealed that integrity involves having the courage to set boundaries and having control over the private sphere, one’s self and one’s situation. While the male patients emphasised selfbelief and being alone, their female counterparts stressed that preserving one’s identity was essential in order to maintain the self. Dignity concerned being respected, and the male patients also described dignity as being seen as a trustworthy and whole person, while the women described it as not being exposed. Both male and female patients described confidence, which was related to handling patient information in a confidential way, trusting the professional caregivers, participating as well as balancing or changing the boundaries of integrity if necessary. The male patients also described confidence as being free. The personal space boundary perspective was useful for explaining the process of respecting the self by opening or closing outgoing and incoming boundaries around the self. The patients had to consider who, when and to what degree others should have access to their personal spaces. The way in which the professional caregivers interacted with the patient influenced the openness of the boundaries.

Total quality management (TQM) approach is often used to carry out company-wide continuous quality improvement plans in manufacturing and service industries. Similarly, TQM can also play a critical role for quality management in health care. Aiming to improve health care quality, experiences showed that major problems of non-patient care, patient records and vital signs monitoring are encountered. In this study, we aim to introduce TQM for quality improvement for intensive care unit (ICU) operations, including some solutions and the prototype of quality management. And vital signs monitoring at ICU is taken as an example of process. For quality improvement of non-patient care, Health Care Quality Development Life Cycle, including (1) quality requirement analysis, (2) quality specification review, (3) quality design, (4) quality implementation, (5) quality testing, (6) quality maintaining, and (7) quality validation, is discussed. The prototype of the first three phases for quality improvement at ICU is explored. Through quality requirement analysis, non-patient care quality at ICU is defined in areas of administration, facility and environment. For quality improvement of patient records maintaining, firstly, scope of health care information systems is categorized as administrative operational system, decision support system, clinical information system, and medical information system. According to this categorization and experience, some interesting result is found. For instance, the current applications of information systems for teaching hospitals in southern Taiwan surveyed are that most applications are administrative and clinical. And the essential information of patient records used in each information system is not complete or not easily accessed. Model of the patient record maintaining is introduced and the prototype design of patient records is recommended for quality improvement of patient records maintaining at ICU. To improve quality of vital signs monitoring is one essential requirement and specification for ICU quality improvement. Effective outcome measures of vital signs monitoring and early detecting of abnormal vital signs is considered important. For quality improvement of vital signs monitoring at ICU, heart rate graphs are taken as examples in our study through the heart rate graphs monitoring. Health professionals can understand the interactions of human autonomic nervous system. By use of digitizer, the computable heart rate data is acquired from each graph and grouped into mortality and near-to-normal cases. Then spectrum form of heart rate data, describing more about heart function, is used for statistical analysis. Several control chart methods have been experimented to detect small heart rate shifts from target, cumulative sum control chart (Cusum) is adopted in our study. The observable variable is the patient¡¦s heart rate, the purpose is to check the alarms pointed out by Cusum that could be partially be ascribed to changes of heart rate trend over time, and to a shift in the monitoring process mean. From summaries of nonconformities in the Cusum charts, mortality cases obviously have more nonconformities. It is obvious that Cusum control charts of mortality cases provide diagnostic information for vital signs monitoring process. In addition, Cusum charts may also inform ICU professionals that there is a small shift of patient heart rate, a continuously increasing or decreasing heart rate, and the adjustment of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. In those cases, some special care is needed.

Students¡¦ life counseling and guidance has always been the center in student affairs, and life education stands out in school education work. The main goals of students¡¦ life counseling and guidance include cultivating students¡¦ adapting abilities in life and healthy characters. Students are expected to have high self-esteem and autonomous attitude, and hence can be law-abiding, responsible, caring for life, and contributing to the society. In the recent years, however, the social environment has been changing rapidly, and so has the school campus which has always been regarded as a relatively stable organization. Many school incidents can be heard constantly and the previously warm, harmonious and peaceful campus is no more what it used to be. Therefore it has become a crucial issue to make a balance between an open, democratic campus and the securing of campus ethics, cultural passing, and campus security. The military training system is currently gradually transforming into a new style based on ¡§guiding service¡¨ idea. This study is aimed to explore the effects of this new style, meanwhile taking care of campus democracy, openness, ethics, and security, on students¡¦ life counseling and guidance and how students perceive it. The participants in this study are students from three private technological colleges: Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology (CUMT), Diwan University (DU), and Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management (SZMM). After research into related literature and deep investigation in the current military training system in life counseling and guidance, a questionnaire is made to understand how students perceive the military science officers conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. Besides, students¡¦ perceptions are also analyzed in quantitative data to see the differences and relations in terms of their different backgrounds. The following are the findings of this study: 1. Students in general expressed high approval in the four aspects: conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. 2. Students in CUMT showed higher approval in the aspect of conducting behavioral guidance and maintaining campus security than those in DU. Students in SZMM showed higher approval in maintaining campus security than those in DU. 3. Students in the third and fourth year showed higher approval in maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students than those in the first or second year. Those with higher family income also showed higher approval than those with lower family income According to the research findings, this study also provides practical suggestions as reference for related education authorities, military science officers and future researchers. 1. Students¡¦ life counseling and guidance in private technological colleges should focus on ¡§maintaining campus security.¡¨ a. Strengthen security management in selected areas in open campus. b. Crack down on those violating the rule: ¡§riding with a helmet¡¨ out of campus and highlight its importance on campus. c. Keep improving the serving quality in the four aspects: conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. 2. ¡§Good deeds can offset the wrongdoing¡¨ concept should be incorporated into ¡§moral teaching program.¡¨ 3. General education or military science should be incorporated into ¡§contingency management¡¨ instruction and practices. 4. School should set up a joint unit to serve the sick or injured students. Keywords: military training system, military science officer, students¡¦ life counseling and guidance, behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, contingency management, taking care of the sick and injured students

<p>The aims of this licentiate thesis were to explore and describe female and male patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care and to illuminate the conceptions from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was used. The participants, 17 male (Study I) and 15 female patients (Study II), all of whom had undergone medical or surgical care, were strategically selected and interviewed. The identified conceptions were also analysed from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective.</p><p>Three description categories emerged among the male patients (Study I); self-respect, dignity and confidence, while maintaining the self, dignity and confidence were the description categories found among the female patients (Study II). Male patients’ description of self-respect and female patients’ description of maintaining the self were for the most part similar although there were some differences. The conceptions revealed that integrity involves having the courage to set boundaries and having control over the private sphere, one’s self and one’s situation. While the male patients emphasised selfbelief and being alone, their female counterparts stressed that preserving one’s identity was essential in order to maintain the self. Dignity concerned being respected, and the male patients also described dignity as being seen as a trustworthy and whole person, while the women described it as not being exposed. Both male and female patients described confidence, which was related to handling patient information in a confidential way, trusting the professional caregivers, participating as well as balancing or changing the boundaries of integrity if necessary. The male patients also described confidence as being free.</p><p>The personal space boundary perspective was useful for explaining the process of respecting the self by opening or closing outgoing and incoming boundaries around the self. The patients had to consider who, when and to what degree others should have access to their personal spaces. The way in which the professional caregivers interacted with the patient influenced the openness of the boundaries.</p>