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This thesis project identifies an issue of limited interaction options with cell phones and considers it to be a design opening and opportunity, rather than a problem. The design opportunity presented in this work is for shaping of future cell phone interactions by allowing users to design their own cell phones. To explore this provocative yet complex design opportunity a programmatic design research approach is used. The design program in this thesis is referred to as the ‘Design-It-Together cell phone’, or the DIT cell phone, design program and can be described as a design research effort into how users working together to design and make their own cell phones could offer a new set of perspectives and possibilities in shaping future interaction options with cell phones in contrast to an industry lead cell phone design and development process. Furthermore, the motivation for this thesis is not problem-based but rather exploratory, where the intention is not to build an ideal phone but rather to explore the opportunities and challenges faced by the design program, and what that can mean for shaping the future of cell phone interactions. A comprehensive exploration of this design space was done in nine main explorations or nine main experiments. Each experiment was formulated to challenge a perspective of the design program. The results of the explorations generated a repertoire of examples relating to understanding the current situations and predictions for future possibilities for cell phone interactions. Interpretation of the design program was done by analyzing this repertoire of examples from the perspective of n nine specified dimensions of the design program. The dimensions acted as a guide in thinking about possible futures of cell phone interactions within the design space of the program. Interpretation of the design program in this way allowed for comprehensive scenarios to be created of what the future of cell phone interactions could be like, as well as gaps and bigger picture impacts of the design program. The overall results and contribution of this work adhered to what is expected from a programmatic design research approach and is stated here as knowledge generated from explorations and interpretation of the DIT cell phone design program, based on the generated repertoire of examples, which helps shape possible futures for cell phone interactions.

<p>The "Maker Movement" is a cultural phenomena rooted in DIY culture, which stresses making devices and creations on your own rather than purchasing it ready-made. At the core of the Maker Movement, is the "Maker Mindset"; a collection of attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that emphasize the importance of creativity, experimentation and innovation in the learning process. Since the Maker Mindset embodies constructionist principles at its core that push makers to experiment and problem-solve by collaborating with fellow makers through hands-on activities, it can be said that these activities comprise of Creative, Learning and Collaborative experiences. While Internet-of-Things devices have long been used to enhance these activities, research pertaining to using Augmented Reality in tandem with IoT for the purpose of enhancing experiences core to the Maker Mindset is relatively unexplored. Three different systems were developed with the goal of addressing this -- MicrokARts, ShARed IoT and MechARspace. Each system focuses on enhancing one of the three core experiences through AR-compatible IoT devices, whilst ensuring that they do not require prerequisite knowledge in order to author AR experiences. These systems were evaluated through user studies and testing over a variety of age-groups, with each system successfully enhancing one core experience each through the use of AR-IoT interactions.</p>

Many concrete problems may be cast in a multi-objective optimisation framework. The redundancy of existing methods for solving multi-objective programming problems susceptible to inconsistencies, coupled with the necessity for making in- herent assumptions before using a given method, make it hard for a nonspecialist to choose a method that ¯ts the situation at hand well. Moreover, using a method blindly, as suggested by the hammer principle (when you only have a hammer, you want everything in your hand to be a nail) is an awkward approach at best and a caricatural one at worst. This brings challenges to the design, development, implementation and deployment of a Decision Support System able to choose a method that is appropriate for a given problem and to apply the chosen method to solve the problem under consideration. The choice of method should be made according to the structure of the problem and the decision maker's opinion. The aim here is to embed a sample of methods representing the main multi-objective programming techniques and to help the decision maker find the most appropriate method for his problem. / Decisions Sciences / M. Sc. (Operations Research )

The Richmond Maker Museum is a working museum design, offering an inside look at past achievements, juxtaposed with the unlimited future possibilities of an evolving, active maker culture. It is a dynamic place designed to allow makers to showcase skills, take risks, engage the public, and grow their craft in real time. The museum displays finished pieces, introduces makers, demonstrates the processes they employ in their work, and invites the community to meet the artisans who, through skill, ingenuity, and hard work, make the artifacts on display. This type of educational museum experience does not currently exist on this scale in Richmond. While other local museums invite visiting artists and offer lectures, the Richmond Maker Museum takes interaction to a new level, introducing visitors to the routines and procedures of each artisan’s daily practice. Maker culture is a tightly woven network of craftsmen—woodworkers, metalworkers, glassblowers, etc. It celebrates traditional fabrication techniques, while also introducing modern technologies such as laser cutting and three-dimensional printing. The social and educational aspects of the maker movement have created a revolution, revitalizing public appreciation for the role of the maker and the importance of craftsmanship.

Le mot golem, un hapax biblique traduit de l’hébreu golmi, présent dans le Psaume CXXXIX,16, désigne la forme du premier homme avant son animation par le souffle divin. Le plus souvent traduit par « embryon » ou « masse informe », son sens a généré une exégèse considérable.De la tradition juive, le mot en arrivera à désigner un homme artificiel, et sa création sera attribuée à de pieux rabbins dans une perspective d’imitation Dei, selon une interprétation magique du Sefer Yetsirah ou « Livre de la Création » qui en contiendrait la clé. L’expérience doit prouver la puissance créatrice des lettres de l’alphabet hébraïque ou des lettres du Nom de Dieu, selon les maîtres de la Cabbale achkénase et européenne du Nord. Ils ont consigné les techniques de création : c’est un rituel en deux temps, façonnement de la forme humaine à partir des éléments puis animation de celle-ci grâce aux récitations de combinatoires de lettres. La réussite de l’expérience est considérée comme la pierre de touche de la perfection religieuse du créateur comme de sa puissance créatrice, à l’instar de celle des lettres de l’alphabet hébraïque.Le golem entre dans le domaine légendaire vers la fin du XVIIIe siècle et les débuts du XIXe siècle, pour prêter à de saints rabbins des pouvoirs démiurgiques. A une première légende d’origine polonaise centrée sur le Rabbin Elias Baalschem de Chelm, succède la légende pragoise un peu plus tardive qui prend le pas sur la première et attribue au Rabbin Judah Löw ben Bezalel, outre des pouvoirs surnaturels, la création d’un golem censé protéger la ville juive des accusations de crimes riruels historiques. Si c’est au créateur que nous avons choisi de nous intéresser plus particulièrement, nous n’avons manqué d’évoquer le mot « golem » lui-même, son origine ainsi que celle de la légende et en regard de parallèles anciens. Nous nous sommes appuyée sur les thèmes mis en avant itérativement par les auteurs et dans lesquels s’inscrit le thème : Cabbale juive et mystique des lettres et du Nom de Dieu ou Schem. Magie, alchimie nous ont amenée à évoquer avec les auteurs le thème de Faust puis de Frankenstein explicites dans les textes, pour souligner la création dans la création. Nous nous sommes servie du thème du Graal pour mettre l’accent, avec une interrogation sur le parallèle icône et idole, sur la littéralité du thème de la création, avant d’en arriver à mettre l’accent sur une poétique des commencements, création de l’homme artificiel et création littéraire en miroir. / The word golem, a biblical hapax which was translated from the Hebrew term “golim”, is to be found in Psalm CXXXIX,16. It refers to the shape of the first man before his being given life by the breath of God.Most of the time, translated by the word “embryo” or “shapeless mass”, its very meaning has given rise to considerable exegis.From the Jewish tradition, the word will consequently happen to describe an artificial man whose creation will be ascribed to devout rabbis who had in prospect an Imitatio Dei, according to the magic interpretation of the Sefer Yetsirah or “Book of Creation” which is supposed to hold the key of it. The experiment must prove the creative power of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet or the letters attributed to the Name of God, according to the Ashkenazi and Northern European masters of the Cabbala. They have consigned their techniques of creation; the ritual takes place in two stages: first of all, there is the building of the human shape from the elements, then its animation happens owing to the reciting and combined arrangement of letters. The success of the experiment is considered as the touchstone of the religious perfection of the maker as well as his creative power, just like that of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.The golem became part of the legendary field between the end of the XVIIIth century and the beginning of the XIXth century, giving holy rabbis such powers as demiurges.The first legend brought to light has Polish origins and is centered on Reb Elias Baalschem of Chelm. Not long after it will give precedence to the legend born in Prague which tells the story of Rabbi Löw who, besides his supernatural powers, made a golem to protect the Jewish town accused of committing ritual historical crimes.Trought I decided to take a special interest in the maker’s function, actually I did mention the word golem, its origin as well as its legends, in connection with ancient parallels. I based my study on the iterated themes regularly brought to light by authors in whose works I might find the following themes: Jewish Cabbala, the mystic of the letters and the Name of God or Schem.Magic, alchemy would lead me to evoke the themes of Faust and Frankenstein and to underluie with their authors the theme of creation within creation.I called to mind the myth of the Holy Grail too, to wonder about the paralell between icon and idol, as well as about the literality of the poetic of all beginnings with the making of the artificial man and any literay creation, acting like a mirror writing

Les réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate survenant au cours de l'anesthésie demeurent un sujet de préoccupation majeure pour les anesthésistes. Le médicament le plus fréquemment responsable d'une anaphylaxie sont les curares. Le but de ce travail est de préciser l'épidémiologie actuelle et d'identifier certains facteurs environnementaux susceptibles d'expliquer la fréquence élevée des réactions allergiques aux curares qui peuvent survenir en l'absence de toute exposition préalable. Dans la première partie de la thèse, une enquête nationale décrivant l'épidémiologie des réactions anaphylactiques peranesthésiques entre 2005 et 2007 en France. Elle a confirmé l'intérêt du dosage d'IgE spécifique anti-curare. La survenue de réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate allergique à l'induction anesthésique lors d'une première exposition aux curares a conduit à évoquer l'existence d'une sensibilisation croisée avec des substances présentes dans l'environnement et possédant un ammonium quaternaire. Différentes hypothèses ont été proposées, notamment une exposition aux produits cosmétiques et/ou désinfectants, une exposition à des antigènes de type phosphorylcholine rencontrés dans les levures, ou certains parasites. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, deux populations professionnelles, des apprentis coiffeurs exposés à des agents chimiques contenant des ions ammoniums, et des boulanger-pâtissiers exposés à des allergènes de levures et de parasites, ont été comparées avec la population générale à la recherche de différences concernant la prévalence des anticorps IgE spécifique anti-curare. Au terme de ce travail, l'exposition à des produits cosmétiques chez les coiffeurs apparaît comme un facteur de risque de développer des anticorps IgE spécifique anti-curare, démontrant pour la première fois l'hypothèse du lien entre l'exposition répétée aux produits cosmétiques contenant l'ammonium quaternaire et la sensibilisation croisée aux curares / Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring during anesthesia remains a major concern for anesthesiologists. The drugs most frequently responsible for anaphylaxis are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). The purpose of this study is to determine the current epidemiology and to identify environmental factors that may explain the high frequency of allergic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents that can occur without any prior exposure. In the first part of the thesis, a national survey describing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis during anesthesia between 2005 and 2007 in France was carried out. The value of testing specific IgE against NMBA was confirmed.The occurrence of immediate allergic hypersensitivity reaction when first exposure to an NMBA during induction led to evoke the existence of cross-sensitization with substances present in environment and having a quaternary ammonium compound. Different hypotheses have been proposed including exposure to cosmetics and / or disinfectants, exposure to antigens encountered in phosphorylcholine yeasts, or parasites, or exposure to a derivative opiate, pholcodine. In the second part of the thesis, two occupational populations, hairdressers apprentice exposed to chemical agents containing ammonium ions, baker and pastry maker exposed to allergens yeast and parasites were compared with the general population to search for differences regarding the prevalence of specific IgE antibody against NMBA. At the end of this work, hairdressers exposed to cosmetics agents appears to be a risk factor for developing specific IgE antibodies against NMBA and we demonstrated for the first time the hypothesis of the ross-sensitization between repeated exposures to cosmetics products containing quaternary ammonium and NMBAs

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmar Pego da Silva.pdf: 1492622 bytes, checksum: 81c819450fee0ff4b286471a0b76a4bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / The System Cost Management Target Costing" was developed by the Japanese in the sixties from the technique developed in the United States called Value Engineering, that emerged after World War II due the shortage of raw materials. The "Target Costing" consists in extract the cost from the selling price determined by the market where it s given the maximum allowable cost to reach a desired result (interest). Its application becomes vital as bigger the competitive market and its origins becomes. Even being relatively new (definetivelly has arrived at occident by the 80 s decade and became known by near 2000 s at Brasil) the system was quickly adapted to the local culture, but even so it kept the japanese s fundamentals. The study is hampered because there wasn t any academic connection, what makes the national literature very rare and the same occur to the understanding of cultural factors that induced the adaptations noted in its application. This academic article aimed to collect data and meet through a research that used of descriptive and exploratory method to identify whether the automotive segment automakers affiliated automotive vehicles ANFAVEA (National Association of Automotive Vehicle Makers) use the system management costs "target costing". After tabulating the answers was possible to find out that this kind of industry use, in essence, the system management costs "target costing" and that some adjustments have happened, such as the use of it for new products and also in existing products, focusing the decrease of costs and increasing the profits, even if in some situations the companies accept higher prices than the allowable costs once it has a premise of action to reduce future costs and improve the results. Target costing application in other products act besides direct costs, variable costs, logistic costs and depreciation basis for these costs / O Sistema de Gerenciamento de Custos, denominado Target Costing foi desenvolvido pelos japoneses nos anos sessenta a partir da técnica desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos chamada Engenharia de Valor, que surgiu após a segunda guerra mundial devido a grande escassez de matéria prima. O target costing consiste no cálculo do custo a partir do preço de venda estabelecido pelo mercado onde é administrado o custo máximo admissível para se chegar ao resultado (lucro) desejado. Sua aplicação se torna mais importante quanto maior for o mercado competitivo e a sua origem. Por ser relativamente recente (chegando ao ocidente definitivamente na década de 80 e no Brasil passou a ser divulgado a partir do início dos anos 2000), o sistema foi sofrendo adequações à cultura local, mantendo os princípios criados pelos japoneses. Seu estudo é dificultado, pois não houve uma ligação acadêmica com o tema, o que torna sua literatura nacional escassa, assim como a compreensão dos fatores culturais que causam as adaptações identificadas em sua aplicação. Este trabalho objetivou levantar dados e conhecer através de um questionário utilizando o método de pesquisa exploratória descritiva, identificar se o segmento automotivo de montadoras de veículos automotores filiados a ANFAVEA (Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de veículos Automotores) utilizam o sistema de gestão de custos target costing. Após a tabulação das respostas da pesquisa foi possível identificar que este segmento utiliza em essência o sistema de gerenciamento de custos target costing e que algumas adequações aconteceram, como a utilização do sistema para novos produtos e também em produtos existentes com foco em redução de custos e aumento de rentabilidade, mesmo que em algumas situações as empresas aceitem custos maiores que o admissível com a premissa de atuação para redução de custo futuro e melhoria de resultados. Sua aplicação em outros produtos vem juntamente com a consideração dos custos diretos, variáveis, custos logísticos e depreciação incremental com base para estes custos

Les accumulateurs graphite/LiNi0,5Mn1,5O4 (LNMO) permettent d’atteindre des densités d’énergie élevées grâce à leur tension de 5V. Toutefois, une dégradation des électrodes et des électrolytes à base d’alkylcarbonates et de LiPF6 a lieu à haut potentiel reste un problème qu’il est nécessaire de résoudre. L’ajout d’additifs fonctionnels à l’électrolyte comme l’AS, l’AM, le FEC ou le LiBOB forme des films de passivation aux interfaces électrode/électrolyte. Ces films réduisent la dégradation des matériaux et de l’électrolyte de l’accumulateur Gr/LNMO. Pour étudier le mécanisme d’action de ces additifs, les interfaces graphite/électrolyte et LNMO/électrolyte ont été caractérisées au moyen de cellules symétriques Gr/Gr et LNMO/LNMO et de cellules complètes. Les interfaces ont été étudié par spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique (EIS) et photoélectronique à rayons X (XPS). De plus, l’électrolyte a été analysé par chromatographie en phase gazeuse liée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS). / Gr/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) accumulators achieve higher energy densities than current commercial batteries. However, degradation of electrodes and electrolytes based on alkylcarbonates and LiPF6 takes place at high potential remains a problem which it needs to be resolved. The addition of functional additives to the electrolyte such as AS, AM, FEC or LiBOB which form passivation films at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces is a possible solution to these issues. These films reduce the degradation of materials and the oxidation of electrolyte in the Gr/LNMO accumulator. In order to study action mechanism of these additives, graphite/electrolyte and LNMO/electrolyte interfaces were characterized by symmetric Gr/Gr and LNMO/LNMO cells and full cells. Interfaces were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscpoy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) while the electrolyte was analyzed by mass spectrometric gas chromatography (GC-MS).