As políticas públicas de patrimônio cultural em museus adotadas no Brasil e no México exemplificam como os modelos de desenvolvimento, os arranjos institucionais da administração pública e a governança das políticas públicas refletem as mudanças que historicamente ocorreram nos Estados latino-americanos. Esta tese centrou-se na hipótese de que a transformação do \"pequeno\" Estado liberal do século XIX (com função apenas de garantir a propriedade e os contratos) para o \"grande\" Estado social do século XX (com responsabilidade de manter inúmeros serviços sociais) praticamente inviabilizou a racionalidade instrumental defendida pela administração burocrática tradicional weberiana e contribuiu para a crise fiscal dos Estados da América Latina do final do século XX. A investigação recorreu ao estudo comparado de Brasil e México a partir de pesquisa documental e de entrevistas com gestores dos órgãos nacionais de patrimônio, seguidas de um esforço de revisão bibliográfica que forneceu substrato teórico e metodológico para a tese. Os dados coletados, tratados e analisados, levaram à conclusão de que os dois países passaram por processos semelhantes de institucionalização das políticas de museus, em períodos históricos diferentes, sendo que a expansão dessas políticas relacionada, nos dois casos, à consolidação de um projeto nacional que buscava afirmação internacional e que recaem sobre processos de empresariamento urbano que paradoxalmente \"transformam em mercadoria\" a cultura. As crescentes críticas da sociedade à inoperância do modelo burocrático para apresentar respostas às demandas por serviços públicos cada vez mais complexos inseriram o modelo gerencial da administração pública nas agendas políticas locais dos dois países. Inspirado nos paradigmas da administração de empresas, o modelo se estruturou a partir do discurso de que o setor privado teria maior capacidade de atender às demandas sociais quando comparado ao setor público.Contudo, o modelo, que prometia superar as limitações e avançar na qualidade dos serviços e das políticas públicas em geral, não logrou o sucesso preconizado e foi parcialmente abandonado na maioria dos países latino-americanos, como foi o caso do Brasil. Os países que experimentaram governos de esquerda e centro-esquerda construíram uma agenda alternativa de desenvolvimento no início do século XXI, abrindo espaço para a construção e a disputa de novos valores sociais e para a tentativa de se implementar um modelo alternativo de administração pública denominado \"reorientação participativa para os serviços públicos\". Assim, conjuntamente às políticas neodesenvolvimentistas adotadas em parcela da América Latina, caracterizadas por se constituírem como um modelo híbrido, composto por traços liberais e neoliberais, por um lado, e, por outro, de bem-estar social e desenvolvimentista, deram origem a uma administração pública também hibrida. Esse modelo se caracterizou pela retomada do protagonismo do Estado, pela ênfase na construção de sistemas de políticas públicas, pela valorização da qualidade dos serviços públicos prestados, pela radicalização da participação social e pelo destaque às funções e aos valores exclusivos do setor público, com foco na responsabilização. Enquanto isso, o México reforçou sua opção por um modelo neoliberal de desenvolvimento, sem, contudo, implementar plenamente um modelo gerencial de administração pública, mantendo suas políticas públicas de patrimônio cultural em museus estagnadas, mas com ilhas de excelência, com museus de qualidade internacional, desenvolvidos num momento histórico em que o país contava com um projeto desenvolvimentista. / Public policies for cultural assets in museums adopted in Brazil and Mexico are an example of how development models, institutional arrangements of public administration and the government of public policies reflect the changes that historically took place in the Latin American States. This dissertation focused on the assumption that the transformation of the \"little\" 19th-century liberal State (whose function was merely ensure private property and contracts) into the \"great\" 20th-century social State (whose responsibility is to provide a number of social services) virtually made it infeasible to implement the instrumental rationality advocated by Weber´s traditional bureaucratic administration and contributes to deepen the tax crisis in the Latin American States by the end of the 20th century. The investigation compared Brazil and Mexico through documental research and interviews with managers of national asset bodies, followed by an effort of bibliographical review which provided theoretical and methodological substance for the dissertation. Data was collected, treated and analyzed, which led to the conclusion that both countries went through similar processes of institutionalization of their museum policies, at different times, and the expansion of such policies is related, in the two cases, to the consolidation of national project that sought international affirmation and which affect the processes of urban enterpreneurship that paradoxically \"change culture into a commodity\". The increasing criticism by society to the inoperativeness of the bureaucratic model in providing responses to the demands for public services that are more and more complex made way to the managerial models of public administration in local political agendas in both countries. Inspired in the paradigms of business administration, the model was structured around the discourse that the private sector would have greater capacity to meet the social demands when compared to the public sector. However, the model, which promised to overcome the limitations and improve the quality of public services and policies in general, did not achieve the expected success and was partly abandoned in most Latin American countries, as was the case in Brazil. Countries experiencing moderate left- and left-wing governments were able to build an alternate agenda of development in the early 21st century, making room for the construction of and contention for new social values and the attempt to implement an alternate model of public administration called \"participative reorientation of public services\". Thus, together with the neo-developmental policies adopted in part of Latin America, whose main feature is the fact that they are a hybrid model, consisting of liberal and neoliberal traits, on one hand, and developmental social welfare on the other hand, gave rise to a public administration that is also hybrid. This model was characterized by the resume of the State playing the main role, by the emphasis on the building of public-policy systems, by the increase in the quality of the public services provided, by the radicalization of social participation, and by the highlight given to the functions and values that are exclusive of the public sector, focusing on accountability. Meanwhile, Mexico reinforced the country´s option for a neoliberal development model; however the managerial model of public administration was never fully implemented as the public policies of cultural assets in museums stagnated, even if with islands of excellence as in museums of international standard, implemented in a historical moment when the country relied on a developmental project.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-03-30T19:03:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAZIELLA PEREIRA VIEIRA.pdf: 1668145 bytes, checksum: c820632a45294b9f9916d1f92cc656fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T19:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAZIELLA PEREIRA VIEIRA.pdf: 1668145 bytes, checksum: c820632a45294b9f9916d1f92cc656fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / The project that gave rise to this dissertation is linked to the Research Line "State, Policies and Educational Institutions of the Graduate Program in Education at PUC Goiás and it is articulated to the Research Group ―Educational Policies and School Management‖, CNPq, and to the ―Nucleus Educational Research‖ at PUC Goiás as well. The purpose of this study is school management. It results from a qualitative research, of theoretical character, in the state of art modality combined with content analysis. A critical review was carried out of the theses and dissertations defended in the period 2012-2013 in the Graduate Programs in Education recommended by the Commission for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes). Its main objective is to identify conceptions of educational management, as well as to investigate the process of democratic management in public educational institutions, based on the critical balance. The specific objectives are: to revise the literature regarding the conceptions of school management and democracy; to map and perform the critical assessment of the theses and dissertations defended in the Graduate Programs in Education, in the years of 2012-2013, and to organize their categories and content analysis in order to identify conceptions of school management. The research problem consists of the following question: What conceptions of school management are revealed by the analysis of theses and dissertations defended in the period of 2012-2013 in the Graduate Programs in Education? The theoretical framework contemplates the following axes: 1) conceptions of democracy and democratic school management, based on the ideas of: Paro (2000, 2010 and 2015); Brzezinski (2012); Sander (2007); Carvalho (2012); Ferreira (2006); Eisenstadt (2000); Coutinho (2002; 2008); Chauí (2000); Dallari (1984); Vieira and Farias (2011); 2) the organization of work: Pinto (2007); Coutinho (2002); 3) the state of knowledge and content analysis: Brzezinski (2006; 2014) and Franco (2005). For the definition of the sample, a survey of 11 theses and 44 dissertations was made available in the Capes portal and in the Postgraduate Education Programs data of the country that were defended in the years 2012-2013. The works were read for the elaboration of expanded abstracts based on the Latin American Educational Documentation Network (Reduc) model. Of the 11 theses and 44 dissertations systematized and organized in an analytical matrix the following categories of analysis emerged from: educational management or school administration; Identity of the manager and administrator; Characteristics of democratic management; School management and the results of standardized tests, and institutional organization, levels and stages of teaching and programs. The conclusion from the analysis of the 11 theses and 44 dissertations was that the school administration conceptions, managerialism and school management are present in the student production. However, there is a predominance of characteristics of managerial management that prioritize the achievement of goals set by the government and the results of institutional evaluations. It is evident that managerialism is the most practiced management model in Brazilian public education. / O projeto que deu origem a esta dissertação é vinculado à Linha de Pesquisa ―Estado, Políticas e Instituições Educacionais do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUC Goiás e está articulado ao Grupo de Pesquisa Políticas Educacionais e Gestão Escolar, do CNPq e ao Núcleo de Pesquisa em Educação da PUC Goiás. O objeto deste estudo é a gestão escolar. Resulta de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter teórico, na modalidade estado da arte combinada com análise de conteúdo. Foi realizado um balanço crítico das teses e dissertações defendidas no período de 2012-2013 nos programas de Pós- Graduação em Educação, recomendados pela Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (Capes). Tem por objetivo geral identificar concepções de gestão educacional, bem como investigar o processo de gestão democrática nas instituições públicas de ensino, com base no balanço crítico. Os objetivos específicos são revisitar a literatura concernente as concepções da gestão escolar e democracia, mapear e realizar o balanço crítico acerca das teses e dissertações defendidas nos programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação nos anos de 2012- 2013 e proceder a organização das categorias e a análise de conteúdo das teses e dissertações, com vista a identificar concepções de gestão escolar. O problema de pesquisa consiste na seguinte indagação: Que concepções de gestão escolar são reveladas pela análise das teses e dissertações defendidas no período de 2012-2013 nos programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação? O referencial teórico contempla os seguintes eixos: 1) concepções de democracia e gestão democrática escolar, com apoio em ideias de Paro (2000; 2010; 2015); Sander (2007); Carvalho (2012); Ferreira (2006); Eisenstadt (2000); Coutinho (2002, 2008); Chauí (2000); Dallari (1984); Vieira e Farias (2011); 2) a organização do trabalho: Pinto (2007); Coutinho (2002); 3) o estado do conhecimento e análise de conteúdo: Brzezinski (2006; 2012; 2014), Franco (2005), entre outros. Para a definição da amostra, foi realizado um levantamento de 11 teses e 44 dissertações disponibilizadas no portal da Capes e no banco de dados dos programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação do país que foram defendidas nos anos de 2012-2013. Fez-se a leitura integral dos trabalhos para elaboração de resumos expandidos com base no modelo Rede de Documentação Educacional da América Latina (Reduc). Das 11 teses e 44 dissertações sistematizadas e organizadas em uma matriz analítica emergiram as seguintes categorias de análise: gestão educacional ou administração escolar; identidade do gestor e do administrador; características da gestão democrática; gestão escolar e o resultado de avaliações por testes estandardizados; e organização institucional, níveis e etapas de ensino e programas. Conclui-se a partir da análise das 11 teses e 44 dissertações que as concepções administração escolar, gerencialismo e gestão escolar estão presentes na produção discente. Entretanto, há a predominância de características da gestão gerencial que priorizam o atingimento de metas estipulados pelo governo e os resultados das avaliações institucionais. Fica evidente que o gerencialismo é o modelo de gestão mais praticado na educação pública brasileira.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Maria Sanches.pdf: 631626 bytes, checksum: 21c982856c642e14746ddaff4bc19c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The principal´s school performance is constituted of possibilities found between management discourse and management technology present in educational guidelines. Upon contradictions entailing the principal´s school performance, when it comes to the management proposal, this research has aimed in investigating how do principals in São Paulo neighborhoods seem to manifest themselves regarding their performance in demanding flux surrounding the new managerialism in cooperation with proposals coming from educational guidelines. As being a data source for research analysis, it has been used official documents such as: Educational Guidelines from the Municipal Secretariat of Education in São Paulo, during the periods from 1989 up to 2012 and, also a questionnaire with a submitted schedule to school principal´s from the municipality aiming in enabling the manifestation out around its performance. As conceptual reference regarding the study objective fundaments and data analysis it has been chosen to have the use of management and performance concepts developed by Stephen Ball and also, management concept ran by Roldão. The data analysis has pointed out to the fact that principal´s school present trends in expressing manifestations by not disagreeing in what is imposed by central and intermediate organs a behavior in which it can be justified by legal delimitation to the job position and also aiming in ensuring the expectation generated as being a performance, from the most diverse segments in a school / A atuação dos diretores de escola se constitui nas possibilidades encontradas entre o discurso da gestão e a tecnologia gerencialista presentes nas diretrizes educacionais. Diante das contradições que envolvem a atuação dos diretores de escola, na proposta de gestão, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar como os diretores de escolas municipais de São Paulo se manifestam acerca de sua atuação frente ao fluxo de exigências que emana do novo gerencialismo em articulação com as proposições advindas das diretrizes educacionais. Como fonte de dados para análise desta pesquisa, foram utilizados documentos oficiais: Diretrizes Educacionais da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo dos períodos compreendidos entre 1989 e 2012, e, também, um questionário com escala submetido a diretores de escola da rede municipal de ensino de forma a possibilitar-lhes a manifestação sobre sua atuação. Como referenciais conceituais para fundamentação do objeto de estudo e da análise dos dados, optou-se por utilizar os conceitos de gerencialismo e performatividade desenvolvidos por Stephen Ball e, também, o conceito de gestão desenvolvido por Roldão. A análise dos dados apontou para o fato de que os diretores de escola apresentam tendência, nas manifestações expressas, em não discordar do que é imposto pelos órgãos central e intermediário, comportamento que pode ser justificado pela delimitação legal concernente ao cargo e para garantir a expectativa gerada, a performance, dos diversos segmentos representativos da escola

As políticas públicas de patrimônio cultural em museus adotadas no Brasil e no México exemplificam como os modelos de desenvolvimento, os arranjos institucionais da administração pública e a governança das políticas públicas refletem as mudanças que historicamente ocorreram nos Estados latino-americanos. Esta tese centrou-se na hipótese de que a transformação do \"pequeno\" Estado liberal do século XIX (com função apenas de garantir a propriedade e os contratos) para o \"grande\" Estado social do século XX (com responsabilidade de manter inúmeros serviços sociais) praticamente inviabilizou a racionalidade instrumental defendida pela administração burocrática tradicional weberiana e contribuiu para a crise fiscal dos Estados da América Latina do final do século XX. A investigação recorreu ao estudo comparado de Brasil e México a partir de pesquisa documental e de entrevistas com gestores dos órgãos nacionais de patrimônio, seguidas de um esforço de revisão bibliográfica que forneceu substrato teórico e metodológico para a tese. Os dados coletados, tratados e analisados, levaram à conclusão de que os dois países passaram por processos semelhantes de institucionalização das políticas de museus, em períodos históricos diferentes, sendo que a expansão dessas políticas relacionada, nos dois casos, à consolidação de um projeto nacional que buscava afirmação internacional e que recaem sobre processos de empresariamento urbano que paradoxalmente \"transformam em mercadoria\" a cultura. As crescentes críticas da sociedade à inoperância do modelo burocrático para apresentar respostas às demandas por serviços públicos cada vez mais complexos inseriram o modelo gerencial da administração pública nas agendas políticas locais dos dois países. Inspirado nos paradigmas da administração de empresas, o modelo se estruturou a partir do discurso de que o setor privado teria maior capacidade de atender às demandas sociais quando comparado ao setor público.Contudo, o modelo, que prometia superar as limitações e avançar na qualidade dos serviços e das políticas públicas em geral, não logrou o sucesso preconizado e foi parcialmente abandonado na maioria dos países latino-americanos, como foi o caso do Brasil. Os países que experimentaram governos de esquerda e centro-esquerda construíram uma agenda alternativa de desenvolvimento no início do século XXI, abrindo espaço para a construção e a disputa de novos valores sociais e para a tentativa de se implementar um modelo alternativo de administração pública denominado \"reorientação participativa para os serviços públicos\". Assim, conjuntamente às políticas neodesenvolvimentistas adotadas em parcela da América Latina, caracterizadas por se constituírem como um modelo híbrido, composto por traços liberais e neoliberais, por um lado, e, por outro, de bem-estar social e desenvolvimentista, deram origem a uma administração pública também hibrida. Esse modelo se caracterizou pela retomada do protagonismo do Estado, pela ênfase na construção de sistemas de políticas públicas, pela valorização da qualidade dos serviços públicos prestados, pela radicalização da participação social e pelo destaque às funções e aos valores exclusivos do setor público, com foco na responsabilização. Enquanto isso, o México reforçou sua opção por um modelo neoliberal de desenvolvimento, sem, contudo, implementar plenamente um modelo gerencial de administração pública, mantendo suas políticas públicas de patrimônio cultural em museus estagnadas, mas com ilhas de excelência, com museus de qualidade internacional, desenvolvidos num momento histórico em que o país contava com um projeto desenvolvimentista. / Public policies for cultural assets in museums adopted in Brazil and Mexico are an example of how development models, institutional arrangements of public administration and the government of public policies reflect the changes that historically took place in the Latin American States. This dissertation focused on the assumption that the transformation of the \"little\" 19th-century liberal State (whose function was merely ensure private property and contracts) into the \"great\" 20th-century social State (whose responsibility is to provide a number of social services) virtually made it infeasible to implement the instrumental rationality advocated by Weber´s traditional bureaucratic administration and contributes to deepen the tax crisis in the Latin American States by the end of the 20th century. The investigation compared Brazil and Mexico through documental research and interviews with managers of national asset bodies, followed by an effort of bibliographical review which provided theoretical and methodological substance for the dissertation. Data was collected, treated and analyzed, which led to the conclusion that both countries went through similar processes of institutionalization of their museum policies, at different times, and the expansion of such policies is related, in the two cases, to the consolidation of national project that sought international affirmation and which affect the processes of urban enterpreneurship that paradoxically \"change culture into a commodity\". The increasing criticism by society to the inoperativeness of the bureaucratic model in providing responses to the demands for public services that are more and more complex made way to the managerial models of public administration in local political agendas in both countries. Inspired in the paradigms of business administration, the model was structured around the discourse that the private sector would have greater capacity to meet the social demands when compared to the public sector. However, the model, which promised to overcome the limitations and improve the quality of public services and policies in general, did not achieve the expected success and was partly abandoned in most Latin American countries, as was the case in Brazil. Countries experiencing moderate left- and left-wing governments were able to build an alternate agenda of development in the early 21st century, making room for the construction of and contention for new social values and the attempt to implement an alternate model of public administration called \"participative reorientation of public services\". Thus, together with the neo-developmental policies adopted in part of Latin America, whose main feature is the fact that they are a hybrid model, consisting of liberal and neoliberal traits, on one hand, and developmental social welfare on the other hand, gave rise to a public administration that is also hybrid. This model was characterized by the resume of the State playing the main role, by the emphasis on the building of public-policy systems, by the increase in the quality of the public services provided, by the radicalization of social participation, and by the highlight given to the functions and values that are exclusive of the public sector, focusing on accountability. Meanwhile, Mexico reinforced the country´s option for a neoliberal development model; however the managerial model of public administration was never fully implemented as the public policies of cultural assets in museums stagnated, even if with islands of excellence as in museums of international standard, implemented in a historical moment when the country relied on a developmental project.

A critical re-examination of the liberal peace is conducted to explore the ways in which certain ideas around peace have come to dominate and to be regarded as “common sense”. The foundation of my critique comes in the personalisation of peacebuilding through the stories of people who are the intended beneficiaries of its actions. This thesis seeks to open up and challenge the current measures of success and the location of power by introducing voices and experiences of Mende people located in the Southern and Eastern provinces of Sierra Leone. I have attempted to open up a reflexive space where simple questions can be re-examined and the location of recovery can be seen as a space influenced, shaped and performed in the context of diverse influences. I draw on my personal experience living in Bo, Sierra Leone for two months in 2014 and local level actors' subjective reflections on individual and communal notions of recovery, post-conflict. My findings are reflected in “building blocks” that uncover a partial story of personal perspectives on recovery. The story suggests a de-centred and complex “local” within the existing context and realigns the understanding of subject and agency within peacebuilding. This collection of experiences, stories and encounters reshapes the notion of peace as an everyday activity with the aim of improving well-being on a personal level. It is also a part of the peacebuilding process that exists outside of the traditional organisational lens. My main contribution has been in allowing alternative space(s) of peacebuilding and peace-shaping to have a platform that is not restricted by the confined epistemic “expert” community toward an understanding of “progress” as an experiential and subjective process of recovery. This approach sought to challenge the current site of legitimacy, power and knowledge, and in order to achieve this aim I drew on a new methodological toolkit and the absorption of key concepts from other disciplines such as managerialism and the sociological concept of the “stranger”. My research offers an opportunity to observe and utilise information sourced from the creativity and spontaneity of the everyday lived experiences of Sierra Leoneans and ordinary phenomena connected with this.

Poussées par les changements majeurs de l’environnement de l’enseignement supérieur, les universités françaises se sont engagées dans un mouvement de modernisation de leur gestion. Ces changements, engendrés par de nombreux facteurs sociaux économiques et technologiques, ont amené des gouvernements successifs à entreprendre des réformes importantes pour faire face à ces évolutions. De nombreuses publications scientifiques anglo-saxonnes et françaises soutiennent que le prix à payer pour les améliorations apportées par ces réformes est très élevé, dénaturant parfois l’idée de base de l’institution universitaire. Ainsi, la présente recherche s’inscrit dans une thématique qui se trouve au cœur des débats publics et scientifiques suscités par l’évolution de la gouvernance des universités en France. Notre recherche vise à répondre à la question de la nature de l’impact du « managérialisme » croissant sur l’identité universitaire. L’importation d’outils et de concepts développés dans la sphère du privé, permet-elle de meilleures efficacité et efficience des organisations universitaires sans toucher fondamentalement à la nature de celles-ci ? Ou à l’inverse, l’identité universitaire, vue comme un ensemble complexe de valeurs, de missions, de modes opératoires, est modifiée par la « modernisation de la gestion » ?La recherche s’appuie sur une étude approfondie du cas de trois universités françaises à périmètre disciplinaire différencié : université pluridisciplinaire, université scientifique et université de lettres et sciences sociales. L’analyse thématique de contenu du discours des universitaires révèle une modification identitaire importante due aux différents facteurs. Notre objectif est d’étudier dans quelles mesures cette modification est imputée au managérialisme. Notre recherche met en évidence des tensions entre les normes, les valeurs et les pratiques traditionnels de l’université française et les objectifs de nouvelle structure institutionnelle et le nouveau management émergeants. / Driven by major changes in the higher education environment, French universities have engaged themselves in a comprehensive process of management modernization. In parallel, governments have undertaken number of reforms to face up important socio-economic and technological evolutions. These reforms aroused a vague of criticism in English and French scientific literature, stating namely, that the price to pay for the improvements proposed by these reforms is very high, sometimes even distorting the basic idea of what is university.Thus, the present research is part of the scientific and public debates incited by the changes in the governance of universities in France. It aims to analyse the nature of the impact of growing “managerialism” on the university identity. Does the introduction of private sector management tools and concepts allow improved efficiency and effectiveness of universities without altering its fundamental nature? Or, on the contrary, this “modernisation of management” transforms the university identity, which is a complex set of values, missions, operating mode… To answer these questions the research proposes a multiple case study of three French public universities with diverse academic profiles: multidisciplinary, scientific and social sciences universities. The contents analysis of the interviewed academics’ discourse reveals important identity modification due to different factors. Our aim is to see in what extent this modification is attributed to managerialism. In so doing, our research exposes number of tensions between traditional norms, values and practices, on the one hand, and the objectives of the emerging formal institutional structure and management, on the other hand.

在管理主義的趨勢下，公部門利用公設財團法人來增加行政彈性和效率，使得這類組織被廣泛使用。然而，這類組織除了具有前述的優點，在實務運作上卻出現躲避現行規範，權責不清的問題。因此，讓人好奇這類組織是否存在規範機制， 如何讓這類組織被課責，並且受到應有的規範成為本文研究的重點。 本文藉由研究個案公設財團法人－蘭陽文教基金會，發現這類組織是可以被課責的。從研究中觀察到基金會在協助縣政府承辦童玩節時，從開辦到停辦以及復辦，基金會經歷過不同程度的課責，尤其在議會審議的影響，讓基金會越來越趨向於公部門課責機制。另外，在深度訪談中得知議會的府會關係在課責機制裡扮演關鍵因素，藉由府會關係發揮政治課責的效果，讓基金會進入到課責體系。 研究發現，即便公設財團法人一開始成立目的是為了避免過多的政治干擾，達到行政彈性。然而，從個案研究發現，基金會面對不同時期的課責時，這些課責的背後仍存在著政治因素的影響。課責系統中的政治力量足以讓這類組織面對課責，接受應有的規範，並且讓這類組織進入到課責體系裡。 / Under the trend of managerialism, government-sponsored non-governmental organizations have been widely used to take advantage of their flexibility and efficiency. Many, however, have concerned with the accountability of these organizations. Since they were created to escape regulatory control of existing governing system, a legitimate question to ask is the governability of such governing device. This research uses Lanyang Cultural and Educational Foundation as a case to examine how such organization actually can be held accountable. After several years of undertaking the contract of such the big event as Yilan International Children’s Folklore & Folklore Game Festival (YICFFF), the organization evolved over years to internalize into the political system and thus was more scrutinized by the governmental agencies. Details about institutional evolution and the political factors behind such change are revealed through in-depth interviews in field studies.While the original purpose of such device is to avoid excess politics, politics was eventually brought back in to meet the need of holding the system more accountable.

Within Australia, Vocational Education and Training (VET) encompasses the Technical and Further Education (TAFE) sector, private providers, community education and training, and work-based training. Additionally, some VET activities are embedded within the secondary school and university sectors. As the major provider of Government-funded vocational education and training, TAFE has undergone significant change since its establishment in the 1970's. Historically, TAFE has provided broader education and social opportunities for individuals beyond a narrower focus on the achievement of training outcomes for economic benefits. However, shifts in policy direction in 1980's and 1990's have seen the delineation between broader education and economic outcomes becoming less distinct. While this is perhaps true of all education sectors, it has potentially impacted more on TAFE than any other sector. This thesis investigated these impacts within the context of TAFE's social service and economic utility roles. This was undertaken by analysing seven seminal Commonwealth and Queensland documents and by analysing the findings of interviews with six senior executives within Queensland's Department of Employment and Training and TAFE. The key findings of this thesis indicate that TAFE Queensland continues to perform a number of functions or activities that can be associated with a social service role. However, the findings also indicate that, for TAFE Queensland, there has been a shift towards an economic utility role. Since the Kangan Report (1974), TAFE's role has become more focussed on meeting Queensland's economic and industry needs within a broad view that Australia needs a flexible workforce, qualified to industry standards of competence and able to compete in a globalised world.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / Introdução: Esta investigação teve como foco a gestão do trabalho na Atenção Básica realizado em duas unidades básicas de saúde gerido por duas Organizações Sociais em Saúde distintas. Objetivo: analisar a gestão de duas UBS do município de São Paulo administradas por OSS. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, de natureza cartográfica, feita por meio de observação participante em duas UBS do município de São Paulo, com produção de diários de campo, com registros de cenas observadas no cotidiano do trabalho. Utilizou-se também os dois seminários compartilhados realizados com os atores das UBS estudadas. Para a análise do material foi utilizado o conceito de “planos de visibilidade”, qual seja, aquilo que vai se destacando ou que vai se tornando visível/dizível, a partir das conexões das cenas de “natureza” semelhante registradas nos diários. O estranhamento das pesquisadoras pela equipe foi utilizado como um analisador das relações da equipe com as OSS. Resultados: os trabalhadores demonstram uma relação bem marcada com a OSS, que parte de um grande incômodo com as pesquisadoras de campo, e preocupam-se constantemente com a possibilidade das pesquisadoras serem parte de uma estratégia de controle e avaliação. Demonstram desconhecimento das estratégias de gestão aplicadas pelas OSS, e o gerencialismo fica evidente. Um mal-estar institucional fica exposto. Mesmo assim, os trabalhadores defendem este modelo de gestão e por isso ficam entre o medo e a confiança na relação com a empresa. Eles também apontam que a acentuada racionalização das práticas coloca o cuidado e o cumprimento dos números e metas em posições antagonistas. Contudo, apreciam o uso de ferramentas gerencialistas, na ilusão de que estas possam dar contorno a questões estruturais do trabalho em saúde. Isso os coloca num paradoxo: entre a autonomia e as metas permanentemente. Também pudemos observar que as gerentes, porta-vozes das OSS, possuem um discurso de valorização dos números, e fazem a gestão das UBS baseada nas metas de produtividade impostas pelos instrumentos de gestão da relação OSS/Prefeitura Municipal. Dada a intensa utilização de ferramentas gerencialistas o trabalho se assemelha à lógica empresarial, e assim os porta-vozes apresentam um discurso que não vai além do senso comum sobre o SUS, e também certa externalidade. Além de uma identificação e pertencimento maior com o ente privado que em relação ao ente público, se posicionam e disputam o modelo de gestão por OSS. Também pudemos identificar singularidades e regularidades entre as OSS, pois se assemelham na gestão gerencialista, e no aprofundamento do empresariamento, mas se diferenciam naquilo que representam para seus trabalhadores. Ficam em aberto questionamentos a respeito da legitimidade desse SUS produzido nas UBS geridas por OSS e das possíveis iniquidades em saúde a partir de estruturas organizativas tão matizadas. / Introduction: This research focuses the work management in primary care in two basic healthcare units (UBS) done by two different Social Health Organizations (OSS). Objective: analyze the management of two UBS in the municipality of São Paulo managed by OSS. Method: qualitative research, multiple case study type, of a cartographic nature made through participant observation in two UBS in the municipality of São Paulo that resulted in a field journal composed by registers of scenes observed in everyday work. Two shared seminaries held with the subjects of the UBS that are the study object were also adopted. For the material analysis, it was used the “visibility plans” concept, which is something that becomes more prominent or visible/sayable from the scene connections of similar “nature” registered in the journals. The researchers’ estrangement from the team was used as an analyzer of team relations with OSS. Results: the professionals show a well-established relationship with OSS which starts from a big disturbance related the field researchers, and constantly worry about the possibility of the researchers to take part of a control and evaluation strategy. Those professionals are ignorant of the management strategies adopted by OSS, and managerialism is evident. An institutional malaise is exposed, even so professionals support this management model that is why are placed between fear and trust in the relationship with the company. Those professionals also point out that a pronounced rationalization of the practices places care as well as numbers and goals accomplishments in antagonistic positions. However, the professionals estimate the managerialism tools with the illusion they will get past structural issues of health work. This situation constantly places those professionals in a paradox between autonomy and goals. It was also possible to observe managers, the OSS’s spokespeople, having a discourse of valuing numbers and managing UBS based on productivity goals imposed by management instruments of the relationship between OSS and city council. Due to intense adoption of managerialism tools, work is like business logic so the spokespeople support a discourse which does not go beyond common sense about Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) as well as certain externality. In addition to an identification and greater belonging with public entity they take a position and dispute the OSS management model. It was also possible to identify singularities and regularities among OSS because they are similar when it comes to managerial management and deepening of the entrepreneurship, however they differ in what they represent for their workers. Questionings about the legitimacy of that SUS produced in UBS managed by OSS and possible iniquities related to health from very complex organizational structures are now open. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

This thesis is a critical examination of the UK defence discourse. It is an exploration of the dominant explanation of defence in the UK in 2015, as evidenced by the artefacts of the discourse - most importantly, by the voices of those within the community. In doing so, this thesis seeks to challenge the notion that there is only one right way to manage and judge the notion of defence, highlighting the cultural and contextual dependence of such ideas, and the dangers which arise from it. In asking the simple question what is defence? I have aimed at identifying the references and experiences, through the deployment of an ethnographic approach, which are drawn on to construct the dominant understanding. In doing so, I have sought to distinguish that which is considered legitimate by the dominant managerial narrative and in what contexts. My findings are illustrated in the form of a power structure within which language and symbolism, and their influence on practice, together build the defence community's expression of identity. The predominance of managerialism in today's explanation of defence in the UK and the failings I have identified as a result, are perceivable throughout the UK public sector. Therefore, the restrictive nature of the narrative in excluding creativity and innovation in the defence sector, also has implications for wider public sector reform in the UK and abroad. The primary contribution this thesis makes rests in the application of the ethnographic approach and a post-structuralist three-pillared framework to a discipline which has traditionally been analysed from an organisational or political perspective. The hope is that, in applying this same approach in multiple contexts, a greater understanding of the mechanisms sustaining dominant explanations can be gained, as well as of the importance of legitimised spaces for innovation and creativity in reform processes.