The development key point of world economy is gradually transferred to theAsia Pacific Zone, and the development key point of Asia Pacific economic zone focuses on the East Asia. As a result, a blue-printed plan of the ¡§East Asia economic zone¡¨ attracts the attention of all people in the world. There is no doubt that one day ¡§East Asia economic zone¡¨ will play an important role in world economy. Besides, with the developmental trend both of Global Economic integration and of regional bloc, the strategy of one-nation module will no longer work. Nations should follow EU, NAFTA, ASEAN and APEC, and unite together for mutual benefit of making themselves more competitive and of winning a more important position in the new world economy. Since both sides of the Taiwan Straits join the WTO, on one hand, our domestic market has opened gradually, and on the other, Mainland China¡¦s economy has grown quickly, winning a important role in International organization of economy and trade. The proposals regarding regional economic integration, such as ¡§ASEAN plus one¡¨ and ¡§ASEAN plus three,¡¨ enhance Mainland China influence on neighboring nations. After Mainland China signed the trade agreement(CEPA) respectively with Hong Kong and Macao, marginalizing Taiwan¡¦s economic and trade. As a result, cooperative institution, such as common market, across both sides of the Taiwan Straits is necessary. The stably economic exchange between the two sides of the Strait is one of the critical factors of estimating the stabilities of Asia Pacific economic zone¡¦s development. After the two trips succeeded, one is Kuomintang¡¦s chairman Lien Chan¡¦s trip on the 26th April, this yean and the other is People First Party¡¦s chairman James Song¡¦s party on the 5th May, make the blue-printed plan of common market between the two sides of the Strait practicable. Global Economic integrationRegional Economic integration¡Beconomic and trade marginalization¡Bcommon market¡Bcooperative institution

Short range thrusting projectiles are one of the various threats against armored vehicles and helicopters on the battlefield. Developing a countermeasure for this kind of projectiles is very crucial since they are vast in number and easy to operate on the battlefield. A countermeasure may consist of fire point prediction of the projectile and attack the launcher of it, or it may be the impact point prediction of the projectile and apply a hard-kill counter measure on its way to the ally target. For both of the countermeasure concepts, dynamics and parameters of the projectile must be estimated precisely. In this thesis, dynamic models for thrusting and ballistic flight modes of thrusting projectile are obtained. Three different tracking filters are suggested for precise tracking of the projectiles and their estimation performances are compared. These filters are the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Particle Filter (PF) and the Marginalized Particle Filter (MPF).

Like so many other developing nations, Brazil has suffered from extreme inequality. Even though it has a healthy economy, free elections and multiple political parties, there are deep divides and unstable political institutions. The relatively recent transition to democracy has allowed a large and growing Evangelical community to emerge which is causing a religious shifting. The Pentecostal faith is providing alternative structures for social and political expression previously denied to many. Through community networks, many of Brazil's marginalized are accessing legitimacy, making them an undeniable force. The focus of this paper is to determine if Pentecostalism undermines or strengthens democratic consolidation in Brazil, and what role it has to play in power sharing.

No description available.

Marginalumas yra palyginamojo socialinio suvokimo fenomenas, turintis įvairias apraiškas: ekonominę, socialinę, nepaklusimo teisei Remiantis elitinių visuomenės grupių sukurtų socialinių normų laikymosi principu visoms marginalumo apraiškoms būdinga marginalinė grupių atskirtis nuo visuomenės ir jos standartų.. Pagrindiniai veiksniai, lemiantys socialinės atskirties buvimą, yra trejopi – politiniai, socialiniai, ekonominiai ir kultūriniai, psichologiniai ir natūralūs (aplinkos veiksniai), kuriuos analizuojant, galima nurodyti jaunimo marginalizaciją sąlygojančias aplinkybes - ypač greitą urbanizaciją, prievartą žiniasklaidos priemonėse; mokymo sistemos standartizavimą ir nepritaikymą individualiems poreikiams; žmonių migraciją, susijusią su jų profesiniu mobilumu; nelygias galimybes gauti medicininę pagalbą ir išsimokslinimą. asmenybės”. Marginalumo reiškinių sociologinė ir teisinė stebėsena gali daryti poveikį naujų marginalumo makro doktrinų kūrimui, teisinių idėjų formulavimui ir jų transformavimui administracinėje teisėje. Marginalumas kaip socialinė teisinė reiškinio problema yra nagrinėtina makroadministracinės teiseis lygmenyje: rengti marginalumo kontrolės programas, spręsti atskiras ir integruotas marginalumo problemas, apibrėžti marginalumo socialinės teisinės įtampos laukus, nustatyti socialinių santykių raiškos problemas reguliuotinas administracinės teisės priemonėmis. Bendrosios jaunimo politikos ir specialiosios prevencijos, jas įgyvendinimo subjektų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Disability of adaptation to the changing standards of social norms without social help and required support could turn into a false self-adaptation to the environment and conditions, i.e., adaptation to the deviational or even asocial form of behavior: vagabondage, begging, drug habit, alcoholism, prostitution, misdeeds, etc. The reason of the appearance of marginal groups is considered to be the change of the socio-economic system as well as the decrease of the life standard level due to the economic situation and also devaluation of traditional social norms and values. Prevention of marginalization as well as resocialization of marginals is considered to be a common problem for the state self-government institutions, non-government organizations and local communities. Analysis of characteristics of social, political, economic and psychological factors of the youth marginalization reveals that the effectiveness of the youth marginalization prevention and resocialization could depend on the efficiency of the application of means of resocialization and the coordinated activity of concrete means seeking to influence the young person‘s interests, needs, psycho-social development and behaviour. There are different approaches of specialists to prevention of marginaliziation and strategy of resocialization. Differences in approach are mechanically transferred to the pipeline legislation, policies and practical activities. The weakest of youth policy and prevention is the... [to full text]

This research began as a quest to better understand the relationships between marginalized communities, facilitators, and not-for-profit organizations, or NGO’s, in a specific Theatre for Development (TfD) process. When a TfD project that engaged and positively impacted the lives of Egyptian young garbage pickers was discontinued by the funding NGO, the researcher, who was the group’s theatre facilitator, set out to find solutions to this disempowering process. Initially, this research was created to explore how to pass on the skills of practicing theatre to marginalized communities, as a means for them to claim the process, practicing it independently of NGOs and facilitators. This initial inquiry then evolved to encompass exploring effective methods of TfD practice, where the question then became: What are the conditions that provide empowerment and autonomy for marginalized communities in the TfD context? Using Narrative Inquiry the researcher recalls her experience working with the garbage pickers in one of the biggest slums in the world, Mokkatam City, in Cairo. The narrative is used to question the choices made by both the facilitators and NGOs which ultimately compromised an otherwise life changing experience for the young community. The researcher then employs Action Research to outline a community-based participatory project carried out with a group of immigrant and refugee youth in Victoria, Canada. The study traced the progression of the three action research stages carried out to find ways of using TfD to empower this vulnerable community. The documentation of this project was completed using Reflective Practitioner Case Study which enabled the researcher to reflect on her practice with the aim of improving her approach through critical analysis. The findings of this research do not support the researcher’s initial hypothesis that the development of theatre skills will enable the community to function independently of outside support. Instead, through the careful examination of the experiences of the young participants in the slums of Cairo, and the immigrant and refugee communities in Canada, this research points to the importance of TfD integrating the celebration of life and the development of relationships as part of its process of enriching the experience of marginalized communities. This finding, together with an examination of the notion of sustainability redefines the place of the exit strategy through the ways in which the immigrant participants of the latter phases of the study, chose to integrate the benefits of TfD practice into their lives. / Graduate

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119).

No description available.

Le spectre des neutrons prompts de fission (PFNS) est une donnée très importante pour diverses applications de la physique nucléaire. Cependant, en dehors du spectre de la fission spontanée du 252Cf, qui est reconnu comme un standard international et est utilisé pour la métrologie, le PFNS reste mal connu pour la plupart des noyaux fissionnants. En particulier, pour la fission rapide (induite par un neutron de plus de 100 keV environ), il existe peu de mesures, et les évaluations internationales présentent de fortes contradictions. De plus, il existe très peu de données sur les covariances associées aux diverses évaluations du spectre. Dans cette thèse, trois aspects de l'évaluation du PFNS sont abordés. Le premier aspect est la modélisation du spectre via le code FIFRELIN, développé au CEA Cadarache, qui simule la chaine de désexcitation des fragments de fission par émissions successives de neutrons et gammas prompts par la méthode de Monte-Carlo. Ce code a pour vocation de calculer les observables de fission dans un même calcul cohérent, à partir des distributions en masse, en énergie cinétique et en spin des fragments de fission. FIFRELIN a donc un caractère prédictif que n'ont pas les modèles analytiques utilisés pour décrire le PFNS. Une étude des paramètres de modèle influents, notamment le paramètre de densité de niveaux, est mené afin de tenter de mieux reproduire le spectre. Le deuxième aspect de la thèse concerne l'évaluation du PFNS et de sa matrice de covariance. On propose une méthodologie pour évaluer le spectre et sa matrice de covariance de manière rigoureuse, à travers l'outil CONRAD du CEA Cadarache. Ceci implique la modélisation du spectre à travers des modèles simples, notamment celui de Madland-Nix qui est le plus utilisé dans les évaluations, en ajustant les paramètres de ces modèles afin de reproduire les données expérimentales. La matrice de covariance provient de la propagation rigoureuse des sources d'incertitude qui interviennent dans le calcul. En particulier, les incertitudes systématiques liées au dispositif expérimental sont propagées par des techniques de marginalisation. La marginalisation permet de propager ces incertitudes sur le spectre calculé, en obtenant des incertitudes réalistes sans besoin d'être artificiellement rehaussées comme c'est souvent le cas dans le cadre d'ajustements bayésiens. La propagation de ces incertitudes expérimentales impacte aussi la matrice de corrélation du spectre calculé. On présente les résultats pour la fission induite par neutron thermique de l'235U et du 239Pu. Pour le modèle de Madland-Nix avec section inverse constante, l'énergie moyenne des neutrons prompts obtenue est de 1.979 MeV pour l'235U, et de 2.087 MeV pour le 239Pu. Le dernier aspect de la thèse est l'étude de l'impact du PFNS et de ses covariances sur le calcul du flux neutronique sur la cuve d'un réacteur. L'enjeu est de taille, car l'estimation de la fluence au niveau de la cuve d'un réacteur détermine l'intégrité de celle-ci, et donc la durée de vie du réacteur. On observe l'importance des termes de corrélations du spectre pour calculer notamment l'incertitude sur le flux intégré au-dessus de 1 MeV, de l'ordre de 6% (incertitude due seulement au spectre). / The prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) is very important for various nuclear physics applications. Yet, except for the 252Cf spontaneous fission spectrum which is an international standard and is used for metrology purposes, the PFNS is still poorly known for most of the fissionning nuclides. In particular, few measurements exist for the fast fission spectrum (induced by a neutron whose energy exceeds about 100 keV), and the international evaluations show strong discrepancies. There are also very few data about covariances associated to the various PFNS evaluations. In this work we present three aspects of the PFNS evaluation. The first aspect is about the spectrum modeling with the FIFRELIN code, developed at CEA Cadarache, which simulates the fission fragment de-excitation by successive emissions of prompt neutrons and gammas, via the Monte-Carlo method. This code aims at calculating all fission observables in a single consistent calculation, starting from fission fragment distributions (mass, kinetic energy and spin). FIFRELIN is therefore more predictive than the analytical models used to describe the spectrum. A study of model parameters which impact the spectrum, like the fragment level density parameter, is presented in order to better reproduce the spectrum. The second aspect of this work is about the evaluation of the PFNS and its covariance matrix. We present a methodology to produce this evaluation in a rigorous way, with the CONRAD code, developed at CEA Cadarache. This implies modeling the spectrum through simple models, like the Madland-Nix model which is the most commonly used in the evaluations, by adjusting the model parameters to reproduce experimental data. The covariance matrix arises from the rigorous propagation of the sources of uncertainty involved in the calculation. In particular, the systematic uncertainties arising from the experimental set-up are propagated via a marginalization technique. The marginalization allows propagating these uncertainties on the calculated spectrum, and obtaining realistic uncertainties without having to artificially raise them, as it is sometimes necessary in Bayesian adjustments. The experimental uncertainty propagation also impacts the spectrum correlation matrix. We present the result for thermal neutron-induced fission of 235U and 239Pu. For the Madland-Nix model with constant inverse cross-section, the prompt neutron mean energy is 1.979 MeV for 235U and 2.087 MeV for 239Pu. The last aspect of this work is the calculation of the impact of the PFNS and its covariance matrix on a reactor vessel flux. This calculation is of major importance, since the vessel fluence estimation determines the vessel integrity, and therefore determines the reactor lifetime. We observe the importance of the PFNS correlation terms, to compute in particular the vessel flux uncertainty above 1 MeV, which is of the order of 6% (uncertainty only due to PFNS).

The current study examined the social factors that have influenced the rising female incarceration rates in Japan between 1970 and 2011, based on two theoretical explanations: Women's behavioral change thesis (women's liberation thesis and economic marginalization thesis), and policy change thesis (arrest and prosecutorial effect). Based on the secondary data obtained from the Japanese government's statistics, time series analysis was conducted. The results didn't support liberation thesis, whereas economic marginalization thesis and policy change thesis (prosecutorial effect) were supported to explain the rising female incarceration rate for special law crimes in Japan. On the other hand, two general indicators of ecoomic and political conditions in Japan had strong impact on the female incarceration rate for both penal code and special law crimes. Implications were discussed, basing on the cultural backgrounds of gender stratification, criminal justice processing and the broader economic and political conditions in Japan.