Traditionnellement perçu comme expression de la politique impériale de Marguerite d’Autriche, régente des Pays-Bas, dans le duché de Savoie dont elle était douairière en Bresse, le couvent Saint-Nicolas de Tolentin à Brou monumentalise en fait la dévotion de son défunt époux Philibert II. Le souverain avait hérité des derniers ducs de la branche aînée son inclination ignorée pour l’influente congrégation observante des Augustins de Lombardie qui participant de la création renaissante, fournit, transcrit dans un style local, le schéma claustral de Brou. L’idée maîtresse de Marguerite fut le prestige de la Renaissance, découverte au dôme Saint-Jean de Turin. A l’encontre des lectures erronées du XIXe siècle, la princesse ne s’inspira pas de Champmol. Pour son italianisme, elle confia les tombeaux et l’église au français Perréal. Seules des impossibilités pratiques l’amenèrent à recruter fin 1512 le bruxellois van Boghem. Son art et son réseau brabançons accompagnaient le tropisme ibérique de la cour de Bourgogne mais dès 1524-25, il insuffla à Brou les touches maniéristes que permettait la pénétration de la Renaissance aux Pays-Bas, plus tardive qu’en France. Le programme de l’église sotériologique emphatise la piété du duc et à un second rang, celle de la maison de Marguerite, mais aussi les devoirs du regnum, que Philibert et sa veuve exercèrent dans des pays distincts : ils culminent dans l’exercice de la justice dont le modèle est le Christ du Jugement dernier qui jadis, figurait sur le vitrail nord du transept de Brou. Marguerite signa l’œuvre : promouvant l’échange compassionnel, elle incitait autant à la conversion de chacun qu’à la prière d’intercession et à la mémoire, par-delà les siècles, de l’archiduchesse dont la naissance d’exception, impériale, avait engagé la vie et le monument d’exception. / Instead of expressing, as it is traditionally regarded, the imperial politics in Savoy of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, the convent Saint Nicolas of Tolentino in Brou she erected in her dower of Bresse embodies the devotion of her late husband Philibert II, duke of Savoy. The sovereign had received from the last dukes of the eldest branch that unrecognized inclination towards the soaring observant congregation of the Austin Friars of Lombardia, which joined the Renaissance and provided the claustral scheme of Brou. Margaret’s main idée was the search of the Renaissance she had discovered through the Duomo San Giovanni of Torino. Against the incorrect readings of the XIXth century, she was not inspired by Champmol. She entrusted the graves and the church of Brou to the Italianizing French artist Perréal, and only practical impediments prompted her to sign on van Boghem at the end of 1512. His brabantine Gothic’s practice and circle accorded to the Spanish tropism of the burgundian court but around 1524-1525, the arrival of the Renaissance in the Netherlands allowed him to bring mannerist accents. The iconology of Brou reveals its soteriological aim. It magnifies the duke’s devotion and at a second rank, the one of Margaret’s house, but also the duties of the regnum that Philibert and his widow both practiced in different countries. Their acme is the ministry of Justice whose reference is the Christ of the Last Judgment, which once figured on the lost northern glass window of the transept. Margaret signed the work: ruled by a will of compassion and exchange, it induced anyone both to the conversion for one’s own salvation, to intercede for the princes, and to remind through ages the memory of the archduchess, whose exceptional imperial birth had involved her unique life and memorial.

This dissertation examines representations of legal, theological, and medical modes of case thinking and case narration in the novella collections of four early modern authors: Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549), Matteo Bandello (c.1485-1562), and Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616). It further investigates how these collections perform and problematize practices of narrating and interpreting cases while framing such practices within the context of the navigation of daily news. Indeed, keen observers of the capacity of informal and formal networks to circulate information and opinions in unpredictable ways and on scales unprecedented, these authors also used the novella genre—and the polysemy of the term “novella”—to intervene in contemporary debates on the value of novelty and on the merits of popularizing expert knowledge. I argue that the early modern novella’s role as a literary mediator between professional forms of the case and popular forms of the news report was instrumental to its durable transnational European success. Over the course of this dissertation, I show how these collections depict the art of storytelling qua case narration as an essential ethical component of professional casuistries and of everyday information exchanges. I draw attention to specific professional inflections of the case-novella-news nexus, in order to highlight how each author conceives—and makes the case for—the indispensability of storytelling to spiritual and civic life. I demonstrate that a juridical approach to cases and novelty takes precedence in Boccaccio’s Decameron. I show that, in contrast, Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron relies on distinctly theological conceptions of cases and news. I proceed to compare the type of moral casuistry found in the Heptaméron to that found in Matteo Bandello’s Novelle. Finally, I investigate the consequences of Cervantes’ predilection for a medical approach to case analysis, novelty, and news in his Novelas ejemplares. The broader ambition of this investigation is twofold: first, to contribute a literary and historical perspective to contemporary methodological debates on the value of case thinking in the human sciences and in the liberal professions, and second, to pave the way for an exploration of the casuistical foundations of modern journalism at a time when its epistemological and ethical priorities are sorely in need of being reassessed.

Cette thèse porte sur la représentation littéraire de l’échange prostitutionnel dans son rapport ambigu au contrat, à l’intimité et à la rencontre. Elle est basée sur une analyse de textes de Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, Maupassant, Flaubert, Arcan, Duras, et du tableau Olympia de Manet. Dans un premier temps, je m’intéresse à un motif abordé par certains textes du corpus, et devenu lieu commun, celui qui fait de la prostitution la métaphore et l’extension du capitalisme en tant que ce dernier « réifie le monde », et j’en montre les divers déploiements. Dans un second temps, j’analyse des œuvres qui mettent de l’avant l’échange prostitutionnel en reprenant un autre rapport qu’il entretient avec le marché (intimement lié au premier) : celui de la clôture de la relation induite par le contrat. Les textes à l’étude problématisent cette rencontre « annulée ». En cela, je m’arrête d’une part sur l’invention d’un « dépassement » du contrat vers l’intimité, et de l’autre sur la mise en scène, rejouée dans l’échange prostitutionnel, d’un empêchement de la relation. Comment la prostitution figure-t-elle en tant que métaphore péjorative de la vénalité ? Comment devient-elle par ailleurs le lieu de la répétition d’une impossible rencontre sexuelle « véritable » ? Alimentée par ces questions, cette thèse analyse les représentations de l’échange prostitutionnel dans la littérature comme lieu paradigmatique du contrat, paradoxalement travaillé de l’intérieur par l’invention d’une rencontre toujours occupée à ne pas se faire. / This thesis focuses on the literary representation of prostitutional exchange in its ambiguous relationship to the concepts of contract, intimacy and encounter. It is based on an analysis of texts by Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Maupassant, Flaubert, Arcan and Duras, as well as Manet's painting, Olympia. First, I focus on a theme addressed by some writings within the corpus which has become commonplace: the idea of prostitution as the too wide extension of capitalism, as it “reifies the world.” I show the various deployments of this metaphor. In a second step, I analyze literary works that put forward the prostitutional exchange by returning to another relationship that it maintains with the market (intimately linked to the first): that of the closure and the clarity of the rapport allowed by the contract. The texts offered for study herein problematize this “cancelled” meeting. In this, I address on the one hand the development of “surpassing” of the contract towards intimacy, and on the other, on the staging, replayed in the prostitutional exchange, of an impediment of the relationship. How does prostitution become the pejorative metaphor for venality? How does it also become the place of repetition of an impossible “real” sexual encounter? These queries spark others to unfold through the thesis, in that the latter questions the prostitutional exchange in literature as a paradigmatic place of the contract, paradoxically developed from within by the invention of an encounter constantly yearning to be inexistant.

Marguerite Porete a su, avec son Mirouer des simples ames anienties écrit entre la fin du XIIIe et le début du XIVe siècle, transformer le discours théologique en une œuvre mystique singulière en français, qui se présente comme une quête spirituelle de l’Âme, dont les guides, Amour et Raison, se disputent le discours jusqu’à ce que l’Amour divin l’emporte et que l’Âme s’anéantisse en lui. Cette étude s’attache à briser la surface miroitante de l’œuvre, pour réfléchir à la senefiance de ce « miroir » offert au lecteur. S’il ne s’agit pas ici de proposer une nouvelle analyse historique et théologique des propos hérétiques de Marguerite Porete, ce mémoire suggère une lecture du Mirouer d’un point de vue littéraire. Son point de départ se situe dans le constat que le texte propose une voix féminine doublement à la marge, par son genre et par sa langue, le français, pour un propos théologique. L’idée a donc été de voir jusqu’où pouvait être utilisée l’image du miroir et comment le conflit présent dans sa double nature, celle d’objet optique de savoir et celle d’objet courtois, pouvait être exploré pour comprendre le texte. Par l’observation détaillée des composantes courtoises et allégoriques de l’œuvre, nous espérons dégager les particularités d’un traité dont les formes du discours joignent théologie et littérature dans un ensemble mystique qui se distingue des œuvres didactiques et spirituelles traditionnelles. En relevant les éléments constitutifs de l’ouvrage, en regard d’un genre didactique attesté, celui du miroir, nous voulons démontrer comment cette tradition se confronte et s’unit à un langage courtois et lyrique, ce qui permet de proposer un enseignement théologique particulier puisqu’il prône, avec l’anéantissement de la raison, son propre anéantissement. De cette manière, nous proposons de réfléchir sur l’élaboration de ce discours mystique par l’intermédiaire de ses attributs courtois et allégoriques afin de mieux saisir l’édification de ce Mirouer original. / Marguerite Porete, with her Mirouer written between the 13th and the 14th century, has managed to transform the theological discourse into a singular mystical work in French, which presents itself as a spiritual quest of the Soul, whose guides, Love and Reason, compete for the discursive preeminence until Divine Love prevails and the soul is annihilated in him. This study seeks to break the shimmering surface of the work, to reflect on the senefiance of this "mirror" offered to the reader. If it is not a question here of proposing a new historical and theological analysis of Marguerite Porete's heretical remarks, this memoir suggests a reading of the Mirouer from a literary point of view. Its starting point lies in the observation that the text proposes a female voice doubly marginal, by its genre and by its language, French, for a theological purpose. The idea was therefore to see how far the image of the mirror could be used and how the conflict present in its dual nature, that of an optical object of knowledge and that of a courteous object, could help to understand the text. Through detailed observation of the courtly and allegorical components of the work, we hope to identify the peculiarities of a treatise whose forms of discourse join theology and literature in a mystical ensemble that differs from traditional didactic and spiritual works. By highlighting the constituent elements of the book, in relation to a known didactic genre, that of the mirror, we want to demonstrate how this tradition confronts itself to and unites with a courteous and lyrical language, which makes it possible to propose an original theological teaching since it advocates, with the annihilation of reason, its own annihilation. In this way, we propose to reflect on the elaboration of this mystical discourse through its courteous and allegorical attributes in order to better understand the construction of this original Mirouer.

No description available.

Sur la montagne nue est un recueil de huit nouvelles à la forme particulière: les textes sont divisés en paragraphes qui présentent, en alternance, deux voix, deux femmes distinctes. Ces femmes parlent d’elles-mêmes à la troisième personne du singulier. Il n’y a pas de dialogues, seulement des voix qui se donnent l’une après l’autre et qui se rejoignent par le biais de la mémoire. Il s’agit de nouvelles certes, mais elles ont été écrites pour la scène, pour des comédiennes, pour être entendues. De surcroît, les propos de ces textes sont généralement autofictionnels. Dans la partie théorique, je questionne le choix d’une narration à la troisième personne pour l’écriture de l’autofiction. Pour ce faire, je compare mon travail avec la pratique de Gabrielle Roy, Marguerite Duras et Annie Ernaux qui ont elles aussi, dans certains moments de leurs oeuvres, choisi ce type de narration pour l’écriture de soi.

L’observation de la présence des arts non verbaux au cœur des œuvres de Marguerite Duras, Lawrence Durrell, Elfriede Jelinek et Péter Nádas nous invite à considérer la musicalité et l’iconicité des écritures dramatiques et romanesques contemporaines en termes de modèle mais aussi de dispositif. Des phénomènes de dialogue, d’hybridation, de polyphonie, de dialogisme, d’intermédialité, de ce que Jacques Rancière nomme « l’impurification » au cœur d’un « régime esthétique de l’art » révèlent les rêves, désirs et pulsions du verbal pour d’autres arts, mais aussi pour des représentations à l’artisticité discutable. La fabrique d’un corps organique, sexuel, érotique voire pornographique par les écritures contemporaines nous convie à envisager le métissage entre art et non-art en termes de dispositif performatif et à proposer une lecture queer des œuvres. À l’heure du postmodernisme, le recours des écritures au non-verbal se donne à lire à la fois comme la manifestation d’une crise du logos et de la représentation et comme l’enjeu d’une rénovation esthétique et politique de la littérature. Qu’ils modélisent le verbal ou fassent brutalement irruption et déchirure en son sein, les arts non verbaux concourent au renouvellement des formes littéraires, mais aussi à leur politicité et au renouveau de la fiction. Cette étude ambitionne donc d’explorer le carrefour esthético-politique que dessinent, entre le milieu du XXe siècle et ce début de XXIe siècle, les relations plurielles entre les arts verbaux et non verbaux dans l’art verbal par excellence, la littérature. / The observation of the presence of non verbal arts within the works of Marguerite Duras, Lawrence Durrell, Elfriede Jelinek and Péter Nádas leads us to examine the musicality and the iconicity of contemporary dramatic and novelistic writings in terms of model, pattern and devices. Dialogue, hybridization, polyphony, dialogism, intermediality, and what Jacques Rancière calls “impurification” within the “Aesthetic Regime of Art”, display the dreams, desires and longings of verbal art for other arts, but also for representations whose artistic content is arguable. The fact that contemporary writings produce an organic, sexual, erotic, even pornographic body invites us to focus on the interactions between arts and non-arts with regard to their performative devices and to propose a queer reading of the works. In Postmodernism, the fact that writings draw on non verbal forms can be understood as the expression of the failure of Logos – both language and reason – and of representation. Moreover, what is also at stake is an aesthetic and political reform of literature. Whether they tend to impose new verbal models or break into them, non verbal arts contribute not only to reshape literary forms but also to emphasize their political substance and renew their fictional content. This dissertation aims to investigate the crossroads between aesthetics and politics that the various relationships between verbal and non-verbal arts display, from mid-20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, within Literature, the verbal art par excellence.

<p>Jag vill i den här uppsatsen beskriva hur sexualitet och genus konstrueras, befästs och utmanas i Margareta av Navarras verk <em>Heptameron</em>. Jag utgår från Judith Butlers och Thomas Laqueurs queerteoretiska perspektiv och visar hur de olika maktdiskurserna kristendom, aristokrati, patriarkalism och nyplatonism påverkar och påtvingar olika konstruktioner av sexualitet<strong> </strong>och genus, och kan konstatera att alla dessa diskurser bygger på<strong> </strong>en normerande och<strong> </strong>normaliserad heterosexualitet som ständigt för tillbaka avvikelserna från denna norm, hos såväl devisanterna som i de två noveller jag studerat, till en binär könskategorisering. Huvudfokus ligger på tvetydigheten hos begrepp som man, kvinna, och fullkomlig kärlek. Jag menar att just avsaknaden av slutgiltiga definitioner av sådana begrepp i verket visar på att det inte går att finna något essentiellt ursprung eller någon slutgiltig definition av dem. Det är just därför den heterosexuella normen måste iscensättas gång på gång.</p><p>Jag menar dock att man kan konstatera att det finns en skillnad i fråga om de bakomliggande diskursernas gestaltning i ramberättelse där de slås fast och i novellerna där de problematiseras, vilket också påpekats av Bernard. Det finns med andra ord ett större utrymme för avvikande från sexualitets- och genusnormer i <em>Heptamerons </em>noveller, medan ramberättelsens funktion tycks vara att föra dem tillbaka till ordningen. Likväl sker en ständig upprepning av den heterosexuella normen både hos devisanterna och i novellerna, en upprepning som tyder på att heterosexualiteten inte är vare sig given eller naturlig utan iscensatt.</p> / <p>In this study I am analyzing how categories of sexuality and gender are represented in Marguerite de Navarre’s <em>Heptameron</em>. I have narrowed the object of study down to two of the seventy-two novellas; number forty-seven and forty-three, and to four of the ten devisants; Oisille, Parlamente, Hircan and Dagoucin. The theoretical frame<strong> </strong>is taken from Judith Butlers <em>Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity</em> (1990) and <em>Undoing Gender</em> (2004) and from Thomas Laqueurs <em>Making Sex. Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud</em> (1990). Butler’s aim is to deconstruct terms such as feminine and masculine, which function as imagined normalization categories due to power relations. In <em>Undoing Gender </em>she asks: “If I am a certain gender, will I still be regarded as part of the human? Will the ‘human’ expand to include me in its reach? If I desire in certain ways, will I be able to live?” These questions are of great importance for my study, which presents how the categories of sexuality and gender can be negotiated in the equalized frame Marguerite de Navarre creates for her ten devisants and novellas. At the same time I assess how every attempt to go beyond the boundaries of norms fails due to a norm of heterosexuality, which constrains the binary categories of man and woman.</p><p>There are four main discourses by which the heterosexual norm is internalized by the devisants in <em>Heptameron</em>: the Christian, the aristocratic, the patriarchal and the neo-platonic. I suggest that each of the four devisants that I have studied represents one of these discourses. Since there are no definitive lines or definitive conclusions reached in the discussions among them it would be more correct to say that all the discourses effect all of the devisants to some extent, but<strong> </strong>that all the devisants act through a main discourse when he/she express his/her individual opinions.</p><p>When the devisants in the frame leave it to the reader to come to a conclusion about right or wrong behavior for men and women, they are still rather set in their own opinions and, also, quite unforgiving. It is my contention that the novellas create more room for negotiations of the sexual and gender roles than the frame. In novella forty-three a woman acts within the role of the active, hence masculine, part of a love affair, and novella forty-seven tells the story of a <em>parfaicte</em> <em>amytié</em> between two men. But it is also obvious that these attempts to stress and break the norms of sexuality and gender are unsuccessful, once again due to the fixed norm of heterosexuality which constrain the binary categories of man and woman. In the novellas these very failures put the norms under stress, since they point out the very problem with the determination of sexual and gender categories which were prevalent during the Renaissance.</p><p>I conclude my results by returning to Butler’s question above; “If I desire in certain ways, will I be able to live?” In <em>Heptameron </em>one can always find a chance to try a different way, but in the end only the heterosexual desire in which man and woman are in dichotomy survives.</p>

Jag vill i den här uppsatsen beskriva hur sexualitet och genus konstrueras, befästs och utmanas i Margareta av Navarras verk Heptameron. Jag utgår från Judith Butlers och Thomas Laqueurs queerteoretiska perspektiv och visar hur de olika maktdiskurserna kristendom, aristokrati, patriarkalism och nyplatonism påverkar och påtvingar olika konstruktioner av sexualitet och genus, och kan konstatera att alla dessa diskurser bygger på en normerande och normaliserad heterosexualitet som ständigt för tillbaka avvikelserna från denna norm, hos såväl devisanterna som i de två noveller jag studerat, till en binär könskategorisering. Huvudfokus ligger på tvetydigheten hos begrepp som man, kvinna, och fullkomlig kärlek. Jag menar att just avsaknaden av slutgiltiga definitioner av sådana begrepp i verket visar på att det inte går att finna något essentiellt ursprung eller någon slutgiltig definition av dem. Det är just därför den heterosexuella normen måste iscensättas gång på gång. Jag menar dock att man kan konstatera att det finns en skillnad i fråga om de bakomliggande diskursernas gestaltning i ramberättelse där de slås fast och i novellerna där de problematiseras, vilket också påpekats av Bernard. Det finns med andra ord ett större utrymme för avvikande från sexualitets- och genusnormer i Heptamerons noveller, medan ramberättelsens funktion tycks vara att föra dem tillbaka till ordningen. Likväl sker en ständig upprepning av den heterosexuella normen både hos devisanterna och i novellerna, en upprepning som tyder på att heterosexualiteten inte är vare sig given eller naturlig utan iscensatt. / In this study I am analyzing how categories of sexuality and gender are represented in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptameron. I have narrowed the object of study down to two of the seventy-two novellas; number forty-seven and forty-three, and to four of the ten devisants; Oisille, Parlamente, Hircan and Dagoucin. The theoretical frame is taken from Judith Butlers Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) and Undoing Gender (2004) and from Thomas Laqueurs Making Sex. Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (1990). Butler’s aim is to deconstruct terms such as feminine and masculine, which function as imagined normalization categories due to power relations. In Undoing Gender she asks: “If I am a certain gender, will I still be regarded as part of the human? Will the ‘human’ expand to include me in its reach? If I desire in certain ways, will I be able to live?” These questions are of great importance for my study, which presents how the categories of sexuality and gender can be negotiated in the equalized frame Marguerite de Navarre creates for her ten devisants and novellas. At the same time I assess how every attempt to go beyond the boundaries of norms fails due to a norm of heterosexuality, which constrains the binary categories of man and woman. There are four main discourses by which the heterosexual norm is internalized by the devisants in Heptameron: the Christian, the aristocratic, the patriarchal and the neo-platonic. I suggest that each of the four devisants that I have studied represents one of these discourses. Since there are no definitive lines or definitive conclusions reached in the discussions among them it would be more correct to say that all the discourses effect all of the devisants to some extent, but that all the devisants act through a main discourse when he/she express his/her individual opinions. When the devisants in the frame leave it to the reader to come to a conclusion about right or wrong behavior for men and women, they are still rather set in their own opinions and, also, quite unforgiving. It is my contention that the novellas create more room for negotiations of the sexual and gender roles than the frame. In novella forty-three a woman acts within the role of the active, hence masculine, part of a love affair, and novella forty-seven tells the story of a parfaicte amytié between two men. But it is also obvious that these attempts to stress and break the norms of sexuality and gender are unsuccessful, once again due to the fixed norm of heterosexuality which constrain the binary categories of man and woman. In the novellas these very failures put the norms under stress, since they point out the very problem with the determination of sexual and gender categories which were prevalent during the Renaissance. I conclude my results by returning to Butler’s question above; “If I desire in certain ways, will I be able to live?” In Heptameron one can always find a chance to try a different way, but in the end only the heterosexual desire in which man and woman are in dichotomy survives.

This study analyzes the experience of alienation from family and culture as portrayed in the personal narratives of francophone women. The authors appearing in this study are Assia Djebar and Marie Cardinal, from Algeria, Mariama Bâ and Ken Bugul, from Senegal, Marguerite Duras and Kim Lefèvre, from Vietnam, Calixthe Beyala, from Cameroon, Gabrielle Roy, from Canada, and Maryse Condé, from Guadeloupe. Alienation is deconstructed into the domains of blood, money, land, religion, education and history. The authors’ experiences of alienation in each domain are classified according to severity and cultural normativity. The study seeks to determine the manner in which alienation manifests in each domain, and to identify factors which aid or hinder recovery. Alienation in the domain of blood occurs as a result of warfare, illness, racism, ancestral trauma, and the rites of passage of menarche, loss of virginity, and menopause. Money-related alienation is linked to endemic classism, often caused by colonial influence. The authors experienced varying degrees of economic vulnerability to men, depending upon cultural and familial norms. Colonialism, warfare and environmental depending upon cultural and familial norms. Colonialism, warfare and environmental degradation all contribute to alienation in the domain of land. Women were found to be more susceptible to alienation in the domain of religion due to patriarchal religious constructs. In the domain of education, it was found that some alienation is inevitable for all students. Despite its inherent drawbacks, education provides tools for empowerment which are crucial for overcoming alienation. Alienation in the domain of history was found to hinder recovery due to infiltration of past trauma into the present, while empowerment in this domain fosters optimism and future-oriented thinking. Each domain offers opportunities for empowerment, and it is necessary to work within the domains to create a safe haven for recovery. Eight of the nine authors experienced at least a partial recovery from alienation. This was accomplished via cathartic release of negative emotions. Catharsis is achieved by shedding tears, talking, or writing about the negative experiences. The personal narrative was found to be especially helpful in promoting healing both for the author and the reading audience. / Classics and World Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (French)