EfPm-27 is a Protohistoric bison pound and processing site located in Fish Creek Park in Calgary, Alberta. The site exhibited the presence of metal tools and macroscopically deceptive cut marks suggesting the potential for the presence of both metal and stone cut marks. Moulds of selected cut marks from the assemblage were made and examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify or negate the use of metal tools for butchery at the site. SEM images of the cut mark moulds reveal micromorphology that is similar to experimental and published stone tool cut mark SEM images. No evidence for the use of metal tools for butchering was identified. Protohistoric sites research could benefit from the use of SEM analysis of cut marks to distinguish between stone and metal tool use. This would provide important secondary evidence for metal trade items in scenarios where such artifacts may be beyond recovery. Conversely, the presence of metal artifacts at a site does not necessarily imply that they were used for butchery and this assertion must be verified by the presence of metal cut marks.

The diploma thesis gives the view of international trademark protection chiefly through its legal regulation in international agreements and through regulation' s application to the praxis. The thesis is divided according to particular sorts of rights (trademarks, marks of origin, unsigned marks), it consider their concrete regulation, international organizations protecting the rights and trademarks rights enforcement. The aim of the diploma thesis is to explain and to show the basic principles of international trademark protection functioning on concrete cases and decisions and therefore to offer the help to those subjects, who need to orientate themselves at the area of international trademark protection.

This diploma thesis deals with trade marks with reputation materia as a subgroup of trade marks connected with greater protection. First parts of this thesis are dedicated to an introduction to the trade mark law, in particular the inclusion of trade mark law in the legal system, principles governing this branch of law description and especially familiarization with the Czech trade mark law sources through an enumeration of the individual regulations, along with their significance. Parts three and four then are focused on the concept of trade mark with reputation and the specifics analysed also by comparison with the famous trade mark, because these two concepts are united in their development, which is also described. In the fifth part, the concept of luxury brands is described for the purposes of this thesis, where importance of reputation for luxury brands is covered through luxury brands characteristics analysis, and expanded in the context of individual court decisions, not only the European institutions. The final part of this thesis presents selected decisions relating to non-traditional trade marks as they constitute a higher level of protection, even though at different level, and thus they are related to the concept of reputation, especially in the context of trade mark law trends that will be...

<p>Marks do not only work as an acknowledge of the effort that has been made under a long period of time, but also as a receipt for eligibility to further studies. Within the political debate, marks have often caused a big discussion among the political parties. That is due to the obvious difference between the political parties on the left, and their counterparts on the right. However, there is one thing that they all have in common. Everyone of them have plans of measure within their political agenda, regarding the use of marks.</p><p>The aim of this study has been to try to understand the way pupils think about marks. We have conducted a survey and several interviews with pupils from the final classes in the 9-year compulsory school to find out their experiences of the marks and how it affects them.</p><p>According to our study, marks affects pupils in several different ways, both in a positive and a negative way. Some pupils feel stress or pressure, others gets motivated, and some might feel happy or depressed when they receive their marks. Regardless of what feeling the pupils have, one thing is for sure, marks do affect them in one way or another.</p>

Postural distortion of human bite marks on skin occurs when photographing a bite mark in a body position other than the position of the body at the time of biting. Postural distortion in the bite mark may introduce significant changes in both the shape and size of the recorded marks. As a result, the analysis of the marks may be hindered and a proper comparison between the bite mark and the causal dentition may be precluded. Therefore, a method by which postural distortion in a bite mark photographic record can be evaluated and eliminated with minimal operator subjectivity is required. This study describes the development of an objective technique for evaluating postural distortion in bite mark photographic records and for minimising postural distortion during photography of bite marks. The source for developing these techniques was provided by digitally analysing the symmetry of dental arches in a defined population including males and females (236 subjects) whose ages ranged between 20 and 30 years. The analysis resulted in quantifying a mathematical relationship between the biting edges of each homologous pair of the anterior teeth and specified reference lines. The validity of the analytical method of dental arch symmetry is discussed. The developed techniques were applied to posturally distorted (test) bite marks. The results demonstrate the validity of the developed techniques in determining postural distortion and recording correct images (shown to resemble the biters dentition) of the test bites. Suggestions for further work are proposed.

The availability of a wide range of branded products makes the selection of the right type of good a difficult process. This is particularly true in the case of goods whose characteristics consumers do not have complete information about, which they can only learn about after purchasing (experience goods). A trade mark quality guarantee facilitates consumers’ choice by sending quality signals. It also enables a trader of branded goods to differentiate the quality of his goods from those of his competitors. Accordingly, trade mark protection is said to enhance economic efficiency, and thus the production of quality goods, and reduce consumer search costs. In order for this to work, however, among other conditions, the trader must maintain consistent quality over time and across consumers. Otherwise, trade mark protection will enhance artificial product differentiation, and thus distort competition. To date, despite its profound significance, the quality guarantee is seen as performing an economic function that trade mark law is ill equipped to deal with. As a result, this function is not enforced under trade mark law. Contrary to mainstream thinking, this thesis argues that the quality function of a trade mark should be recognised and enforced through trade mark law. What is at stake is far from insignificant: it is about bridging the ever increasing gap between the legal rationales for trade mark protection and the economic consequences of this protection in practice. The thesis is also about how consumers should shape their relationship with trade marks and what role law should play in constructing that relationship. By giving independent legal substance to the quality function, trade mark law encourages a trader to improve the quality of his goods instead of simply improving the persuasive or advertising value of the mark, which, in turn, enhances artificial product differentiation, increases rather than decreases consumer search costs, and distorts competition.

The Red Scare of the late 1940s and 1950s was fueled by claims of governmental espionage from former members of the communist underground. Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury was accused of being a Soviet agent of influence. This paper will analyze the current issues in the discussion of Soviet espionage and focus on White's activities in this regard. The evidence on White is clear enough to show that he did pass sensitive information to the Soviets. He also succeeded in subverting American policy to favor Soviet interests over U.S. interests. White's activities in government service suggest that American government officials passed on vital government information to the Soviet Union and subversive activity went on in the U.S. in the 1930s and 1940s.

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After briefly examining the history of trade marks and establishing the theoretical framework of trade mark functions, an analysis from the perspective of semiotics is conducted, viewing the trade mark as a sign. This analysis serves as a tool for the suggestions and conclusions drawn in relation to the role of trade mark law today. The issues of trade mark registration, use and protection are examined, as main facets of the trade mark functions. An analysis of the legal provisions, legal doctrine and case law on trade mark registration and use in Greece, before and after the entry into force of the First Council Directive on the Harmonisation of trade mark laws in Europe 89/104/EEC is undertaken, so as to denote the effect of the European harmonisation on these issues. The Court of Justice case law is examined, in juxtaposition to the Greek case law on the respective implementing provisions. The similarities and differences are noted and analysed. Throughout, examples from a common law jurisdiction, namely the UK, are taken into account. The issues of risk of confusion and dilution are analytically examined at a national (Greek) and European level. In comparison to the Court of Justice jurisprudence, the national legal framework and case law of Greece on these issues is analysed. Examples from other European jurisdictions are taken into account. The theory of dilution in the context of the European trade mark framework is further analysed against developments in the USA. The controversial doctrine of trade mark dilution, introduced by Fr. I. Schechter, is of primary interest in the course of the thesis and suggestions are made for a new perspective of the theory. The controversial doctrine of Schechter is seen, in view of the above, under a new light.

O objetivo desta tese é construir, através de trabalhos realizados na área de poéticas visuais, uma reflexão que procure compreender como a mulher negra é vista na sociedade brasileira atual e o modo pelo qual as sombras lançadas pela escravidão sobre esta população se refletem nas negrodescendentes ainda hoje, criando e perpetuando locais simbólicos e sociais para este grupo. Este questionamento será realizado tendo como base uma investigação que transita entre diferentes manifestações artísticas, que vão da instalação à gravura, sempre procurando os meios plásticos adequados para a produção das obras que irão tratar do problema. Uma breve análise sobre os motivos que levam à opção por determinados procedimentos técnicos necessários à realização dos trabalhos, a escolha e aplicação de diferentes meios artísticos e suas adaptações ao pensamento visual também fazem parte desta investigação. É ainda intenção do trabalho pensar sobre a forma de apresentação do texto que acompanha as obras produzidas e esclarecer os motivos da eleição por uma escrita de artista para o relato apresentado em conjunto com as imagens executadas. / The goal of this thesis is to offer, through artworks in the field of visual art, a reflection that seeks to comprehend how black women are seen in current Brazilian society and the way that shadows cast by slavery over this population is still reflected in female black descendants today, creating and perpetuating social and symbolic places for that group. This issue will be tackled on the basis of a research that moves across different art forms, ranging from installations to printmaking, and always looks for suitable art materials to produce the works that will address the problem. A brief analysis of the reasons for choosing certain technical procedures necessary to create the artworks, the choice and application of different artistic media, and the adaptation of them to the visual thinking are also part of this investigation. The work is also intended to think about the text format accompanying the artworks and give grounds for plumping for an \"artist writing\" to deliver the reports associated with the images.