Thesis--Columbia University. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 234-246.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_la_me_assis.pdf: 911958 bytes, checksum: b7228d2d4a5152dcd9a24016c3836d2e (MD5) / Este trabalho apresenta a tradução anotada do livro Les infortunes de la vertu (1787) do Marquês de Sade (1740 – 1814), seguido de um estudo introdutório que tem o objetivo de familiarizar o leitor brasileiro com a narrativa sadiana. Sabemos que a polêmica que sempre acompanhou o Marquês de Sade era seguida pela constatação de sua originalidade que produziu, a partir de suas ideias libertinas, suas polêmicas obras. Les infortunes de la vertu se caracteriza como uma das obras emblemáticas de Sade, uma narrativa que apresenta os elementos da perversão denominada a partir do nome do autor, o sadismo. Na atividade de tradução buscamos valorizar a tendência que preconiza o sentido e o estilo original, optando pela corrente que defende a tradução estrageirizadora / It is presented here the annotated translation of Les infortunes de la vertu (1787) of Marquis de Sade (1740 – 1814), followed by introductory study that intends to familiarize the Brazilian reader with the Sadean narrative. The controversy surrounding Marquis de Sade has always been accompanied by the realization of the originality he produced, sparked his libertine ideals and his infamous works. Les infortunes de la vertu is one of Sade’s emblematic works, with a narrative that presents elements of the perversion named after the author, Sadism. During the translation, we valued the original meanings and style by opting for a foreignizing translation

A common practice amongst street drug manufacturers and dealers is to combine the illicit drug of abuse they intend to distribute with additional substances. Substances added in an attempt to mimic or enhance the desired effect of the drug of abuse are known as adulterants as opposed to diluents, which are added simply to increase the weight of the product. By definition, an adulterant has a physiological effect on the body and as physiologically active compounds these adulterants may have side effects apart from the drug it is added to. They can be minimal, treatable, or otherwise manageable while others can be worse than those incurred from the drug of abuse itself. Due to varying trends in street drug purity, an effort must be made to understand the effects adulterants and diluents, as well as mixtures thereof, may have on forensic drug analysis. Colorimetric spot test analysis is typically performed using a representative sample of the raw, suspected drug material. These tests are often employed in the lab prior to any attempt to isolate a specific compound or at the scene before an arrest is made. This being the case, the reagents will be exposed to and have the potential to react with anything present in the sample with the drug of abuse. While much work has been done regarding the specificity and cross reactivity of colorimetric spot tests, limited information is available about how mixtures of adulterants may affect the results. This research consists of two parts which approach the common theme of adulterants differently. The first part is a literature based investigation into the pathological side effects of several common drug adulterants. The specific compounds discussed are: levamisole, phenacetin, atropine, and several topical anesthetics (benzocaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, and procaine). A review of articles from the scientific literature was conducted in order to convey what is known in the medical field regarding the effects these compounds can have on the body. The second part of this research was a laboratory based investigation which analyzed the effects of twenty-three common adulterants on two colorimetric spot tests: the Marquis reagent for the presumptive identification of heroin, morphine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) and the modified Scott test for the presumptive identification of cocaine. This was performed in order to observe the reactivity of these compounds so that a better understanding of the effect their presence can have on the analysis of seized drug samples using these tests could be obtained. The literature review portion of this research revealed that the adulterants levamisole, atropine, phenacetin, and the topical anesthetic adulterants lidocaine, prilocaine, benzocaine, and procaine, can be toxic and have severe, deleterious effects on the body in both chronic and acute exposures. Levamisole stimulates the immune system resulting in the production of self-reactive antibodies that attack neutrophils. This causes an autoimmune disorder that weakens the immune system and causes leukocyte agglutination leading to necrotizing vasculitis. Atropine functions to decrease the parasympathetic tone and increase the sympathetic tone in the body. An overdose can cause anticholinergic toxicity, a syndrome very similar to sympathomimetic toxidrome caused by cocaine overdose. Both are characterized by hypertension, hyperthermia, tachycardia, ataxia, disorientation, and mydriasis. However, they can be distinguished as anticholinergic toxicity causes dry and flush skin and mydriasis which is unreactive to light while sympathomimetic toxidrome causes profuse sweating and mydriasis which is reactive to light. Phenacetin is metabolized to O-ethyl-N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (O-Et-NAPQI), a highly reactive and unstable electrophile. It is capable of covalently binding with proteins and other cellular components, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This leads to mutagenesis and subsequent tumor generation as well as apoptosis and necrosis of various tissues in the bladder and kidneys. The topical anesthetics have each been associated with the development of methemoglobinemia. This is a condition caused by an increase in the concentration of methemoglobin in the blood. Methemoglobin binds more strongly to oxygen so that it cannot be released to the tissues resulting in oxygen starvation. This was found to be caused by the metabolism of prilocaine and lidocaine to the oxidative compounds O-toluidine and 2,6-xylidine respectively. The cause has not been previously reported for benzocaine or procaine. The laboratory portion of this research revealed the impact several adulterants and their mixtures can have on colorimetric spot tests. Testing with approximately 1 mg of sample material revealed that eight out of the twenty-three adulterants reacted with the Marquis reagent to cause a color change within 15 minutes. Of the ten 3-component mixtures tested, eight resulted in a color change. Of the six five-component mixtures, four resulted in a color change; of the six eight-component mixtures, three resulted in a color change; and of the six ten-component mixtures, five resulted in a color change. Of the color changes observed, none were consistent with the "expected" color change for a presumptively positive result of the Marquis test. Testing with the adulterant diphenhydramine revealed that this compound had a unique and intense reaction with the Marquis reagent. This compound initially reacted by turning the liquid a vibrant yellow-green upon contact with the sample. Prior to 2 minutes, solid red-brown aggregates formed in the liquid and proceeded to increase in size while the reagent solution darkened to a red-black color over the 15 minutes of observation. Mixtures containing diphenhydramine each reacted differently. Solid material did not form in the mixture tests and the color changes observed ranged from light orange to a dark red-orange. In addition, one 3-component mixture containing adulterants which did not cause a color change when tested individually (diltiazem, acetaminophen, and quinine) was observed to cause a light brown color to develop, which darkened over the 15 minutes of observation. The results for the modified Scott test showed that the complexity of this test has made it highly specific for cocaine. None of the individual components or mixtures tested reacted in a manner consistent with a presumptively positive identification for cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) or cocaine base for all three steps. Of the twenty-three adulterants tested, eight of the twenty-three gave a similar result to cocaine base in step 1, however, of these eight, only one (quinine) gave a similar result to cocaine base in step 2, and this adulterant did not react consistently to cocaine base in step 3. The research using the adulterant mixtures revealed that the compounds present in these samples tended to react individually with the modified Scott test reagents. In other words, the results for each mixture appeared as a combination of the individual results for each component. While the results observed for the adulterants and mixtures tested were not consistent with the expected presumptively positive results for the drugs these tests are used to detect, it was concluded that the presence of adulterants in a sample has the potential to affect the results of a colorimetric spot test in a variety of ways. Given that these tests are typically employed on samples of raw suspected drug material, it is important that analysts understand the impact adulterants can have on the interpretation of presumptive drug tests.

Spanish kings conferred on their viceroys in the Indies the prerogative of extending largesse to subjects. A distinction is often made between rewards accorded to those who merited recognition and to members of the viceroy’s entourage: servants, relatives, and close collaborators who had traveled with them. However, a case study of the Marquis of Montesclaros’ patronage during his administration in Peru reveals the nuances in this dichotomy, among other things, that nepotism involved marriage strategies intended to incorporate selected servants into the local elite. / El ejercicio de la liberalidad era una facultad propia del monarca español que en los territorios indianos se confió a los virreyes por su proximidad con los súbditos residentes en América. Habitualmente, se ha contrapuesto la exigencia de premiar a los beneméritos con las provisiones virreinales a los miembros de sus cohortes, aquellos criados, parientes y allegados que habían viajado con los virreyes a América. Mediante el estudio de caso del poder remunerador del marqués de Montesclaros durante su gobierno peruano, se trata de matizar esta dicotomía mostrando, entre otras cosas, que el nepotismo virreinal incluyó una política matrimonial que tuvo como objetivo la integración de algunos criados en la elite limeña.

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_ClaraCarnicerode_M.pdf: 898272 bytes, checksum: c2eab5298c3e8e6afa57476e9283458a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A pesquisa, a ser aqui exposta, pretende analisar a elaboração do sistema filosófico do Marquês de Sade, tendo como base o estudo das filosofias iluminista e libertina da França do século XVIII. O estudo foi dividido em dez temas principais, entendidos como os mais pertinentes para se examinar a argumentação de uma ética sadeana. São eles: (1) a consciência moral, (2) a natureza, (3) o remorso, (4) o sangue-frio em oposição à paixão, (5) o discurso do poder, (6) a teoria do excesso e a doutrina da predestinação, (7) a elaboração do crime, (8) a dissimulação, (9) o diálogo libertino e (10) o sexo como estímulo da inteligência ou a ascensão libertina. Sendo assim, propomo-nos a descrever e analisar detalhadamente cada um desses temas aplicados à obra de Sade e relacionados às filosofias libertina e iluminista / Abstract: This research intends to analyse the development of Marquis de Sade¿s philosophical system based upon the enlightenment¿s and the libertine¿s philosophies on the eighteenth century France. The study has been divided in ten main themes, understood as the most appropriate to provide a detailed argumentative examination of Sade¿s ethic, such as: (1) the moral conscience, (2) the nature, (3) the remorse, (4) cold-bloodedness against passion, (5) the power discourse, (6) the excess theory and the predestination doctrine, (7) the crime¿s development, (8) the disguise, (9) the libertine¿s dialogue and (10) sex as an intellectual stimulus or the libertine¿s ascension. Therefore, this study claims to describe and analyse in detail each one of these themes applied to Sade¿s work and related to the enlightenment¿s and libertine¿s philosophies / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mattos_ElizangelaInocencio_M.pdf: 6574100 bytes, checksum: 8bb5bb8ed2deb9752c86056752d1789c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, situar a obra de Sade na história das idéias, explorando as aproximações de seu pensamento com os principais fIlósofos do iluminismo. Em seguida, propõe uma análise do, caráter emancipador do ateísmo na obra. Para depois, analisar a imaginação em seu contexto, como principal instrumento para a verdadeira liberdade do homem. De posse destes elementos, propomos uma análise da critica de Sade à idéia de pacto social, tomando como exemplo, a idéia de pacto descrita por Rousseau em seu Contrato Social / Abstract: The present work has for objective to point out the workmanship of the Marquis of Sade in the history of the ideas, being explored the approaches of its workmanship with the main philosophers of the Iluminism. After that, it considers an analysis of emancipador carater of the ateísm in the workmanship. It stops later, to analyze the imagination in its context, as main instrument for the true freedom of the mano Of ownership of these elements, we consider an analysis of criticizes of Sade the idea of social pact, taking as example, the described ide_ of pact for Rousseau in its Social Contract / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: Roberto Romano da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T12:19:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_SidneyReinaldoda_M.pdf: 4986683 bytes, checksum: cd7de914c5affe435f9cf3a8c49cd968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação analiso o conceito de arte social no pensamento de Condorcet (1743-1794). Partindo da sua concepção de poder público, procuro mostrar a sua proposta de conciliar "tecnocracia" e "democracia". Condorcet pressupõe que o individuo age de acordo com uma certa "crença" de que "o futuro será como o passado" e de que a natureza segue leis invariáveis, reveladas pela observação dos fatos. Os julgamentos que dirigem a conduta individual são fundamentados numa probabilidade que pode ser mais ou menos forte, mas sempre avaliada segundo um sentimento vago e maquinal. Condorcet propõe o cálculo como instrumento capaz de dar "mais precisão" às deliberações. Sendo assim. todas aquelas decisões arriscadas, que colocariam em perigo a vida ou bens do agente e/ou de seus semelhantes, deveriam ser pautadas no cálculo das probabilidades, única garantia de ação racional. Tal modelo deliberativo foi retomado por Condorcet no âmbito das decisões públicas. Na esfera em que a ação envolve o interesse de todos os cidadãos, o cálculo das probabilidades torna-se indispensável, As deliberaçõe públicas devem pautar-se no que for mais provável ao maior número. O agenciamento social do conhecimento torna-se imprescindível na perspectiva condorcetiana. O ordenamento jurídico-institucional do Estado deve permitir que as decisões publicas sejam tomadas com o máximo de eficácia técnica possível. Por outro lado, tais decisões devem estar de acordo com a "vontade geral". Sendo fundamental o consentimento do cidadão para garantir a legitimidade das decisões comuns, a instrução pública torna-se um dos direitos fundamentais do homem / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Notre thèse de doctorat propose une analyse d’inspiration freudienne des œuvres romanesques du marquis de Sade. Elle relève, plus précisément, de la psychobiographie en ce qu’elle privilégie l’analyse des conflits des écrivains avec leurs parents, et les traumatismes psychiques subséquents. L’œuvre et l’écriture de Sade sont les résultats de nombreux facteurs : enfance multi-pathogène, personnalité borderline multi-pathologique (perverse et psychopathique), multi-récidiviste, incarcérations ou internements dans des asiles. Parmi tous ces paramètres psycho-socio-pathologiques, la prison est celui qui a aggravé, sous la forme d’une psychose carcérale réactionnelle, ses tendances morbides et la violence de son écriture. Se sentant menacé par une évolution de sa personnalité vers une psychose structurelle, Sade tente de prendre ses distances, en les rendant absurdes, avec les représentations pulsionnelles délirantes qu’il obtient grâce à ses rêves et à ses rêveries. C’est à ce moment-là qu’interviennent les procédés cathartiques et thérapeutiques de l’humour et/ou du comique pervers. Grâce à ces procédés symboliques, qu’il a mis au point dans sa correspondance avec sa femme et avec « Milly », l’une de ses amies, Sade se met en scène, lui et ses objets sexuels, dans des fantasmatiques pré-œdipiennes. Plus les décalages avec l’esthétique des réalités sexuelles œdipiennes (ou génitales) sont importants, plus l’humour pervers peut surgir. Grâce à l’humour pervers, Sade peut mimer une victoire narcissique illusoire. L’humour pervers facilite l’assassinat psychique, affectif et moral des lecteurs. Nous avons terminé notre étude en proposant l’analyse d’une forme extrême d’humour pervers, l’humour pervers nécrophile. / Our doctoral thesis suggests a Freudian analysis of Marquis de Sade novels. Our analysis is more precisely a work of psychobiography, which favours writers’ conflicts with their parents, and the subsequent psychological traumas. Sade novels and writing are the results of many parameters : a multi-pathogen childhood, a multi-pathological borderline personality (psychopathic and perverse), being a multi-recidivist, imprisonment or internment in asylums. Among all those psycho-socio-pathological parameters, prison, is the one that worsened his morbid tendencies and the violence of his writing, thus creating a prison psychosis. Threatened by the development of his personality towards a structural psychosis, Sade attempts to distance himself from those parameters, making them absurd, crazy instinctual representations coming from his dreams and reveries. The cathartic and therapeutic methods of humour and/or perverse comic played a part at that very moment. Owing to these symbolic methods he has developed in his correspondence with his wife and with « Milly », one of his friends, Sade stages himself and his sexual objects in pre-Oedipal fantasies. The stranger the aesthetics of Oedipal (or genital) sexuality are, the funnier it becomes. By means of perverse humour, Sade manages to mimic an illusory narcissistic victory. The perverse humour facilitates the psychic, emotional and moral murders of his readers. We completed our study by providing an analysis of an extreme form of perverse humour, necrophiliac perverse humour.

Le libertinage, en plus d'être associé à une esthétique littéraire circonscrite à quelques décennies, a été un art de vivre, une étape cruciale dans le processus d'émancipation de l'Homme. Ce sont les libertins qui, à partir du XVIIe siècle, ont posé un regard critique sur tout ce qui se présentait comme une entrave à la liberté, sur les tyrannies religieuses, politiques, intellectuelles ou morales. Les pulsions physiques ayant subi de graves oppressions pendant l'Ancien Régime, il était inévitable que la sexualité devienne un enjeu majeur, voire le symbole même de l'affirmation de soi. Les romans libertins, qui remportent un franc succès malgré les interdits dont ils sont frappés, sont toutefois bien davantage qu'une présentation de scènes de débauche. Ils mettent en place des stratégies stylistiques et rhétoriques qui visent à dire la sexualité et, ultimement, à influencer les mentalités. Cette langue libertine se révèle être feutrée ou audacieuse, flamboyante, hypocrite ou irrévérencieuse selon les périodes qu'elle traverse. En effet, des débuts de l'époque libertine à sa chute irrémédiable au tournant du siècle, en passant par son apogée vers les années 1730, cette langue subit des métamorphoses foudroyantes que nous avons choisi d'analyser à partir de deux romans représentant les moments-clés. Rédigé en 1739 dans une langue fleurie et grandiloquente, Le Sopha de Crébillon fils incarne l'esprit de la période dorée du libertinage alors que La Philosophie dans le boudoir de Sade, paru en 1795, est plutôt saturé de mots interdits et d'idées scandaleuses qui laissent entrevoir l'émergence de l'écriture moderne. Les écarts entre ces oeuvres, tant en ce qui concerne le sujet et le style que le contact avec le lecteur, nous permettront de cerner les objectifs recherchés par les deux auteurs. Se détachant d'une part graduellement des anciens modes de pensée, ces écrivains manifestent un attachement marqué pour certaines réflexions du XVIIIe siècle. Nous nous intéresserons donc, dans un premier temps, aux emprunts faits aux discours philosophiques, techniques rhétoriques et lieux communs de la conversation mondaine afin de déterminer si leur entreprise de séduction se base davantage sur l'art de plaire ou sur celui de persuader. Nous poursuivrons par l'analyse des traits stylistiques qui les distinguent de la norme langagière de leur époque. Notre démarche procèdera de l'analyse minutieuse des marques textuelles comme le lexique et les figures afin de cerner le style de chacun. Si les écarts de Crébillon manifestent une tendance à camoufler les critiques sociales derrière l'ambiguïté et l'ironie, ceux de Sade visent à détruire les normes langagières par un excès de crudité. Nous verrons enfin si ces deux ouvrages licencieux s'inscrivent dans le genre pornographique. De plus en plus modernes d'autre part, les auteurs des Lumières commencent à réaliser l'importance du lectorat et à développer des techniques de communication. Nous nous intéresserons dans un troisième chapitre à la structure dialogique qui implique le lecteur dans Le Sopha, aux stratégies de répétition qui visent à anéantir sa sensibilité dans La Philosophie dans le boudoir, ainsi qu'à la présence commune de personnages-lecteurs qui ont pour objectif d'indiquer le mode de lecture à adopter. Nous constaterons enfin que cette conception de la littérature comme outil pour critiquer, imposer son individualité et influencer le public évolue rapidement vers la Modernité. Bref, il s'agit de voir comment ces deux écrivains ont participé à la transformation de la langue libertine en langue moderne. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Libertin, Liberté, Langue, Lumières, Dix-huitième siècle, Crébillon, Sade.