Este trabalho é um estudo exploratório sobre as atitudes de compra do usuário de erva-mate no município de Erechim. Tem o propósito de delinear hábitos de consumo, utilizando como referencial teórico o comportamento do consumidor e conceitos referentes a teorias de satisfação. O consumidor deve cada vez mais, ser levado em consideração para a concepção de novos produtos bem como, para a manutenção de produtos como a erva-mate no mercado. Outra preocupação do setor é o desenvolvimento de mecanismos que aumentem a demanda do produto. Para tanto é necessário que se conheça quais os critérios utilizados na escolha deste produto, quando de sua aquisição. Procurou-se conhecer algumas características dos consumidores como: hábitos de consumo, elementos utilizados na decisão de compra, grau de importância dado aos atributos de compra e também o nível de satisfação com a erva-mate comercializada no município de Erechim. / This work is a exploratory study on the attitudes of purchase of the user of grass-kills in the city of Erechim. It has the intention to delineate consumption habits, using as referencial theoretician the referring behavior of the consumer and concepts the satisfaction theories The consumer must each time more, to be led in consideration for the conception of new products as well as, for the maintenance of products as grass-he kills it in the market. Another concern of the sector is the development of mechanisms that increase the demand of the product. For in such a way it is necessary that if it knows which the criteria used in the choice of this product, when of its acquisition. It was looked to know some characteristics of the consumers as: habits of consumption, elements used in the purchase decision, degree of importance given to the purchase attributes and also the levei of satisfaction with grass-kills commercialized in the city of Erechim.

Altruism and cooperation have been troubling concepts for theorists. Where altruism towards kin is well-researched, altruism towards non-kin is an evolutionary puzzle. There have been advances in evolutionary psychology where theorists have explored the evolution of altruism through the lens of sexual selection theory, hypothesising that altruism leads to increased chances of being chosen as a mate, particularly as females value altruistic tendencies in a romantic partner. As a result, it was hypothesised males would be more cooperative and altruistic towards those they were attracted to. In study 1, it was found that females placed more importance on altruism and cooperativeness in a mate, far more than males. In addition, males placed more importance on physical attractiveness in a mate, far more than females. In study 2, it was found that people were altruistic and cooperative towards attractive members of the opposite sex when viewing images in response to moral scenarios. When I aimed to replicate this finding, using a game-theoretic framework in studies 3, 4 and 5, I found that people were fair, and altruistic when allocating stakes, and attractiveness did not predict altruism. This consistent fair behaviour led me to further investigate the role of fairness in mate attraction. In studies 6 and 7, it was found that third-parties found fairness to be more attractive than altruism, particularly female participants. In study 8, I further delved into the role of fairness in mate choice, where I found that fairness could be attractive because it increases relationship maintenance in the short-term, but it is altruism that increases relationship longevity in long-term relationships. Furthermore, it was found that people perceive short-term, fair couples to have less intention to cheat than long-term altruistic couples. This thesis opens a new and exciting door in the field of evolutionary psychology, providing evidence that fairness could play a role in mate choice.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de História, 2011. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-09-05T11:31:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_PauloCezarVargasFreire.pdf: 12073476 bytes, checksum: b82b7ff7515062c508a990b0c90975d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-09-05T11:32:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_PauloCezarVargasFreire.pdf: 12073476 bytes, checksum: b82b7ff7515062c508a990b0c90975d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-05T11:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_PauloCezarVargasFreire.pdf: 12073476 bytes, checksum: b82b7ff7515062c508a990b0c90975d2 (MD5) / Esta dissertação estuda o processo de formação de fronteiras na região em que predominou a produção ervateira, durante o período colonial do Paraguai (1534-1811). Analisa a sobreposição dessas fronteiras e dos domínios políticos, identificando-os no espaço geográfico e temporal. Investiga também a inter-relação entre a inserção social e econômica da atividade ervateira no mercado colonial e as mudanças ocorridas na apropriação do trabalho, em um contexto de migrações regionais e sociais. Por último, discute as conseqüências da pressão portuguesa sobre os conflitos de interesses na região. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This dissertation studies the process of boundaries formation in the region where the yerba mate production prevailed during the colonial period in Paraguay (1534-1811). It examines the overlapping of this boundaries and political domains, identifying the time and geographic space. It also investigates the interrelation between the social insertion and the economical activity of yerbales (yerba forests) in the colonial market and the changes that occurred in the labor appropriation in a context of social and regional migration. Finally, it discusses the consequences of Portuguese pressure on conflicts of interests in the region.

abstract: The current research seeks to examine whether individuals display or downplay intelligence in various mating contexts. I hypothesized that both men and women should display fluid intelligence when attempting to attract a potential long-term partner, and that only men should display fluid intelligence when attempting to attract a potential short-term partner. Contrary to predictions, I find that men perform worse at a fluid intelligence test when motivated to attract a long-term partner. With respect to crystallized intelligence, I predicted that both men and women should display crystallized intelligence when attempting to attract a potential long-term partner, but women should downplay crystallized intelligence when attempting to attract a potential short-term partner. However, there were no effects of mating contexts on displays of crystallized intelligence. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2013

Este estudo visa analisar se a legislação vigente se constitui num fator facilitador ou dificultador da produção, industrialização e comercialização da erva-mate chimarrão, em 10 empresas ervateiras, situadas na região do Alto Uruguai, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foca os procedimentos necessários para o cumprimento da legislação com relação à produção, industrialização e comercialização da erva-mate chimarrão e como as empresas estão cumprindo com a legislação vigente em relação aos riscos sanitários, padrões de qualidade e áreas de plantação da erva-mate. O estudo também pretende verificar se a legislação atual atrapalha ou estimula a indústria de erva-mate e enfatiza a importância das indústrias de erva-mate na cadeia produtiva e na economia. A pesquisa de campo demonstrou que os entrevistados percebem que a legislação vigente mais dificulta do que estimula a cadeia produtiva de erva-mate. Algumas das dificuldades são as proibições da adição do açúcar à erva-mate, o reduzido número de fiscais para monitorar o setor e o descaso governamental, especialmente em relação aos reduzidos investimentos no setor. Portanto, o estudo indicou alguns fatores críticos que interferem no cumprimento da legislação e, conseqüentemente, retardam o desenvolvimento do setor.

Este trabalho é um estudo exploratório sobre as atitudes de compra do usuário de erva-mate no município de Erechim. Tem o propósito de delinear hábitos de consumo, utilizando como referencial teórico o comportamento do consumidor e conceitos referentes a teorias de satisfação. O consumidor deve cada vez mais, ser levado em consideração para a concepção de novos produtos bem como, para a manutenção de produtos como a erva-mate no mercado. Outra preocupação do setor é o desenvolvimento de mecanismos que aumentem a demanda do produto. Para tanto é necessário que se conheça quais os critérios utilizados na escolha deste produto, quando de sua aquisição. Procurou-se conhecer algumas características dos consumidores como: hábitos de consumo, elementos utilizados na decisão de compra, grau de importância dado aos atributos de compra e também o nível de satisfação com a erva-mate comercializada no município de Erechim. / This work is a exploratory study on the attitudes of purchase of the user of grass-kills in the city of Erechim. It has the intention to delineate consumption habits, using as referencial theoretician the referring behavior of the consumer and concepts the satisfaction theories The consumer must each time more, to be led in consideration for the conception of new products as well as, for the maintenance of products as grass-he kills it in the market. Another concern of the sector is the development of mechanisms that increase the demand of the product. For in such a way it is necessary that if it knows which the criteria used in the choice of this product, when of its acquisition. It was looked to know some characteristics of the consumers as: habits of consumption, elements used in the purchase decision, degree of importance given to the purchase attributes and also the levei of satisfaction with grass-kills commercialized in the city of Erechim.

Orientador: Edmundo Fernandes Dias / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T06:27:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RicardoCostade_D.pdf: 31645324 bytes, checksum: b2d1548a2d3b603ed4e469a35c240b79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: O presente trabalho procura analisar e identificar a classe dominante paranaense no período de 1853-1930, da emancipação e criação da Província do Paraná até a Revolução de 1930. Defendemos a tese de que o núcleo da classe dominante paranaense é formado por cerca de cinqüenta fann1ias históricas que se estruturam primordialmente no período colonial. A partir da estrutura agrária fundada pelo regime senhorial das sesmarias e com o poder dos homens bons no controle dos cargos políticos das vilas coloniais, articula-se a base inicial da classe dominante paranaense. Com os descendentes deste núcleo inicial compõem-se os princípios da base demográfica, social, econômica e política central da classe dominante paranaense. Este complexo conjunto dominante deve ser investigado na evolução de sua base material e em sua economia política formada a partir da erva-mate e do tropeirismo, as principais atividades paranaenses de mercado no século XIX. A vinda de novos quadros da burocracia nacional e a criação de uma burguesia imigrante não alteram completamente o perfil político da região. O projeto de poder e de domínio das grandes familias históricas atravessa os séculos. A análise dos principais grupos da política do Paraná revela a sua dependência das estruturas tradicionais de parentesco da classe dominante. A investigação da classe dominante enquanto um a totalidade concreta com suas mediações reais está fundamentada na pesquisa de homens reais com suas relações sociais efetivas e suas experiências vividas. A classe dominante paranaense também apresenta uma complexa formação pautada por grupos familiares em suas modalidades de poder e domínio social, econômico, político e cultural ao longo de trezentos anos de história paranaense na sua transmissão de patrimônios. Apesar das grandes transformações ocorridas no século XX, como a modernização capitalista e a modernização burocrática, a presença de elementos das fannnas históricas nos quadros políticos do Paraná ainda é considerável e marcante. / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Sociologia

D.Phil. (Educational Psychology) / There is substantial evidence that potential marital partners have difficulty with their decision-making for a marital partner. As a result these potential marital partners often base their decisions of a marital partner on limited awareness. Little or no research has been done on the decision-making process of a marital partner, and that is why the question can be asked: "How did you make the choice for a marital partner?" The purpose of this study is to develop a model as framework of reference for the facilitation of awareness in the decision-making process for a marital partner as integral part of mental health. A theory generative, qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used to conduct this study. The fieldwork was done by having semistructured phenomenological interviews with marital partners. The results obtained were analysed and categorised. The results obtained from the analysed data reflect the fact that potential marital partners make the choice of a marital partner based on limited awareness. The main concept of facilitation of awareness in the decision-making of a marital partner was identified and defined as creating a safe space wherein people can be assisted in becoming conscious about their inner and outer world. A model was developed as framework of reference to facilitate awareness in the decision-making process of a marital partner as integral part of mental health.

It is now widely accepted that adaptation to different ecological niches can result in the evolution of new species. However, when gene flow persists speciation must overcome the antagonism between selection and recombination: Specifically, if gene flow persists, recombination will break down the genetic associations between alleles that characterise emerging species and cause reproductive isolation. Accordingly, genetic architectures that impede recombination can slow the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium and facilitate speciation. Mimicry in tropical butterflies has long been championed as an example of adaptation driving speciation. In the Neotropical genus Heliconius, distantly related pairs of unpalatable species often converge on the same bright warning-pattern to more efficiently advertise their distastefulness to predators. In contrast, closely related taxa often belong to different mimicry rings. The sister species, Heliconius melpomene and H. cydno are sympatric across much of Central and northern South America. Using artificial butterflies I reveal selection against non-mimetic hybrid colour patterns between these two species. These colour patterns are also used as mating cues and mimetic shifts may cause both pre-mating and post-mating isolation. However, shifts in colour pattern cannot drive reproductive isolation alone; rather, they must be accompanied by corresponding mate preferences. Associations between trait and preference loci may be broken down by mating and subsequent recombination. I demonstrate a genetic linkage between loci for both male and female mate preference and wing colour pattern in Heliconius cydno and H. melpomene. In addition, I present evidence for further associations between alleles affecting hybrid sterility and host-plant use and colour pattern loci. All this implies that linkage between traits that contribute to reproductive and ecological isolation is a general phenomenon in Heliconius with an underlying adaptive basis. Overall these results expose a genetic mechanism that, by impeding recombination, can facilitate speciation in the face of gene flow.

Host-parasite co-evolution belongs to the most important evolutionary relationships that shape natural and sexual selection. Parasites pose permanent selective pressure on their hosts. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a part of innate immunity are involved in mechanisms of a first immunological barrier which has to be overcome by parasites. These receptors play a key role in primary detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and, hence, are responsible for early triggering of effector immunological mechanisms and for co- activating adaptive immunity. Several studies revealed that TLR4 may represent a suitable model molecule for host-parasite co-evolution studies. TLR4 interacts directly with several PAMPs and structural variability in this receptor was shown to affect host resistance to various diseases. Thus, there is potential for occurrence of parasite-mediated natural and sexual selection. Contrary to the number of fish and mammalian TLRs described, avian inter- and intraspecific TLR variability is only very insufficiently explored. This is especially true for passerine birds. In my diploma thesis I therefore provide the first description of the complete Tlr4 translated region in a non-model free-living bird, great tit (Parus major), predict structure of the protein product of...