The companies ought to care about OEE because it is a measure that shows the effect of the performance and quality related losses on the system or equipment. In order to improve OEE, they focus on defining the losses under each OEE elements and try to eliminate these losses.This study aims to enhance raw material inventory management in order to eliminateinventory management related losses and improve OEE.  Lack of raw material and improperstorage of raw material are main problems related to inventory management. A model isdeveloped and tested in order to prevent these problems and eliminate these losses.Performance rate can be improved by preventing idle time due to lack of raw material, andquality rate can be improved by standardization and improving raw material storageprocedure. In the result of model testing, it is shown that raw material inventory managementhas an effect on OEE and OEE can be improved by enhancing raw material inventorymanagement.

The risk of carbon emissions from permafrost is linked to an increase in ground temperature and thus in particular to thermal insulation by vegetation, soil layers and snow cover. Ground insulation can be influenced by the presence of large herbivores browsing for food in both winter and summer. In this study, we examine the potential impact of large herbivore presence on the soil carbon storage in a thermokarst landscape in northeastern Siberia. Our aim in this pilot study is to conduct a first analysis on whether intensive large herbivore grazing may slow or even reverse permafrost thaw by affecting thermal insulation through modifying ground cover properties. As permafrost soil temperatures are important for organic matter decomposition, we hypothesize that herbivory disturbances lead to differences in ground-stored carbon. Therefore, we analyzed five sites with a total of three different herbivore grazing intensities on two landscape forms (drained thermokarst basin, Yedoma upland) in Pleistocene Park near Chersky. We measured maximum thaw depth, total organic carbon content, δ13C isotopes, carbon-nitrogen ratios, and sediment grain-size composition as well as ice and water content for each site. We found the thaw depth to be shallower and carbon storage to be higher in intensively grazed areas compared to extensively and non-grazed sites in the same thermokarst basin. First data show that intensive grazing leads to a more stable thermal ground regime and thus to increased carbon storage in the thermokarst deposits and active layer. However, the high carbon content found within the upper 20 cm on intensively grazed sites could also indicate higher carbon input rather than reduced decomposition, which requires further studies including investigations of the hydrology and general ground conditions existing prior to grazing introduction. We explain our findings by intensive animal trampling in winter and vegetation changes, which overcompensate summer ground warming. We conclude that grazing intensity—along with soil substrate and hydrologic conditions—might have a measurable influence on the carbon storage in permafrost soils. Hence the grazing effect should be further investigated for its potential as an actively manageable instrument to reduce net carbon emission from permafrost.

Sverige idag genererar byggbranschen 12 miljoner ton avfall per år. Enligt svensk lag ska avfallet sorteras för att öka möjligheten till återvinning och återbruk. Byggbranschen står för drygt 20 procent av växthusgasutsläppen i Sverige och genom att återbruka byggmaterial kan denna siffra reduceras. Avsikten med detta examensarbete är att lyfta ett antal möjligheter för att minska klimatavtrycket från byggbranschen. Föreliggande studie syftar därför till att fokusera på de framgångsfaktorer som identifierats hos utmärkande projekt på Skanska gällande återbruk av byggmaterial och produkter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och belysa de utmaningar som finns med att återbruka samt att uppmärksamma tillvägagångssätt för hur arbete med att återbruka kan ökas.Studien har baserats på intervjuer samt litteratursökning inom ämnet återbruk. Fem deltagare i olika projekt hos Skanska har intervjuats där återbruk varit en del av processen. Arbetet har begränsats till fem intervjudeltagare då det ansågs vara tillräckligt för att besvara studiens syfte. Studien har avgränsats till återbrukat byggmaterial och produkter från byggnader, där material från anläggningsarbeten inte inkluderas. Arbetet skrivs i samarbete med Skanska.De framgångsfaktorer som har identifierats i resultatet är att det är betydelsefullt att lägga god tid på materialinventering och att systematiskt dokumentera de material som finns att tillgå, samt att planering av återbruk sker tidigt i processen. En annan framgångsfaktor för att lyckas med återbruk är att involvera externa aktörer som kan förmedla materialet vidare. De utmaningar som finns med att återbruka byggmaterial och produkter är de krav som ställs genom myndigheter och i lagar. Även kunskapsnivån är bristfällig när det kommer till återbruk i branschen och därmed problematiseras processen. För att anamma återbruk i framtiden kommer det cirkulära byggandet och det långsiktiga perspektivet vara av betydelse inom byggbranschen. Ett sätt för att arbeta med återbruk är att involvera projektörer tidigt i processen genom att förse dem med återbrukat material som går att projektera in i projektet. Vid projekteringen av byggnader bör även materialens framtida återbruk finnas i åtanke. När återbruk blir en del av fler byggprojekt kommer det medföra att avfallet minimeras, det kommer främja företagens hållbarhetsarbete samt att klimatpåverkan från branschen med största sannolikhet kommer minska. / The construction industry generates 12 million tons of waste annually in Sweden alone. The waste according to Swedish law has to be sorted in order to increase the possibility of recycling and reuse. The construction industry produces 20 percent of the Swedish greenhouse gas emissions and by reusing building materials this number can be reduced. The intention of this bachelor's thesis is to illustrate possibilities for reducing the industry's climate footprint. Following thesis intends to focus on identifying the success factors of prominent projects regarding reuse of building materials and products at Skanska. The purpose of the thesis is to explore and illuminate the challenges that come with reusing and detect approaches on how to increase work with reused materials.The thesis is based on interviews and literature in the subject of reuse. Five participants from different projects at Skanska where reuse was a part of the process was interviewed. The interviews were limited to five participants because it was considered to be enough to answer the purpose of the study. The study is limited to reuse of materials and products from buildings, waste from other parts of the industry is not included. This study is written in a collaboration with Skanska.The success factors that were found in this study is that it is important to assign the material listing phase a good amount of time, to systematically document the materials at hand and to plan to reuse early in the process. Another success factor to reusing is to involve external vendors that can help assign the material to new proprietors. The challenges that come with reusing building materials and products are the requirements set by authorities and laws. Also the level of knowledge in the industry about reuse is inadequate which complicates the process. The circular flow and long-time perspective will be of importance in order to appropriate reuse in the building industry in the future. One way to initiate this is by involving architects early in the process by providing them reused materials to plan into their project. In the design of new buildings, the future reuse of the materials should be kept in mind. When reuse becomes a part of more building projects it will result in less waste, the business’ sustainability work will advance and the climate footprint from the industry will most likely get reduced.