Les systèmes prévisionnels reposent généralemnt sur des entrepôts de données pour le stockage et sur les outils OLAP pour la visualisation. Des données prédictives agrégées pourraient être modifiées. Par conséquent, la problématique derecherche peut être décrite comme la propagation d'une modification faite sur un agrégat à travers des hiérachies et des dimensions dans un environnement d'entrepôt de données. Il existe un grand nombre de travaux de recherche sur les problèmes de maintenance de vues. Cependant, à notre connaissance, l'impact de la mise à jour interactive d'un agrégat sur les données de base n'a pas été exploré. Cette thèse CIFRE est soutenue par l'ANRT et l'entreprise Anticipeo. L'application Anticipeo est un système prévisionnel de ventes, qui prédit des ventes. Elle était précise avec des résultats de la prédiction, mais le temps de réponse était un problème. Cette thèse comporte deux parties. La première partie est d'identifier la provenance de la latence. Nous avons proposé une méthodologie s'appuyant sur différentes approches et techniques pour améliorer les performances d'une application. Cependant, la propagation d'une modification effectuée sur une agrégat dans un entrpôt de données ne pouvait pas être résolue par ces biais techniques. La deuxième partie du travail consiste en la proposition d'un nouvel algorithme (PAM - Propagation de modification basée sur une agrégat) avec une version étendue (PAM II) pour cette situation. Les algorithmes identifient et mettent àjour les ensembles exactes de données sources et d'aurtes agrégats influencés par la modification d'agrégat. La version optimisées PAM II réalise une meilleure performance par rapport à PAM quand l'utilisation d'une sémantique supplémentaire (par exemple, les dépendances) est possible. Les expériences sur des données réelles d'Anticipeo ont montré que l'algorithme PAM et son extension apportent de meilleures performances dans la propagation des mises à jour. / Forecasting systems are usually based on data warehouses for data strorage, and OLAP tools for historical and predictive data visualization. Aggregated predictive data could be modified. Hence, the research issue can be described as the propagation of an aggregate-based modification in hirarchies and dimensions in a data warehouse enironment. Ther exists a great number of research works on related view maintenance problems. However, to our knowledge, the impact of interactive aggregate modifications on raw data was not investigated. This CIFRE thesis is supported by ANRT and the company Anticipeo. The application of Anticipeo is a sales forecasting system that predicts future sales in order to draw appropriate business strategy in advance. By the beginning of the thesis, the customers of Anticipeo were satisfied the precision of the prediction results, but not with the response time. The work of this thesis can be generalized into two parts. The first part consists in au audit on the existing application. We proposed a methodology relying on different technical solutions. It concerns the propagation of an aggregate-based modification in a data warehouse. the second part of our work consists in the proposition of a newx allgorithms (PAM - Propagation of Aggregated-baseed Modification) with an extended version (PAM II) to efficiently propagate in aggregate-based modification. The algorithms identify and update the exact sets of source data anf other aggregated impacted by the aggregated modification. The optimized PAM II version archieves better performance compared to PAM when the use of additional semantics (e.g. dependencies) is possible. The experiments on real data of Anticipeo proved that the PAM algorithm and its extension bring better perfiormance when a backward propagation.

The subject of the dissertation is The fundamental precept as instrument of materialization of the fundamental rights: for a legitimating perspective of the Democratic State of Right". The development of the present study seeks to present the effects that an interpretation concretizadora of the concept of fundamental precept, of the list of having legitimated and of the principle of the subsidiariedade in noncompliance´s arguing of fundamental precept can check in a perspective of legitimating the Brazilian State.The analysis seeks to approach, inside of the limits planed previously, some of the most controversial aspects of the Law no. 9.882/99. The general objective of this dissertation is to attest the property of noncompliance s arguing of fundamental precept as an instrument of popular access to the concentrated jurisdiction of the Supreme Federal Tribunal in defense of the fundamental rights. To this end, the deductive method was used in the delimitation of the concept of fundamental precept, of the elements that compose it, with more detained analysis in the fundamental rights and at the principle of the human person's dignity. Inside of the inductive method, the study proceeds in the understanding of the people concept and of its importance as titular of the state power. Like this, the legitimating base of the State passes referring to the people concept, in a wide and including dimension to Friedrich Müller's way, everything based on the subject introduced in the only paragraph of the art. 1st of the Federal Constitution, that lifts the fact of whole power emanates from the people, that exercises it by means of its elect representatives or directly, in the terms of the Constitution. The study moves forward, then, in the understanding of the function of the judiciary as defender of the fundamental precepts, notedly, the fundamental rights, regarding the characterist of substancialist republic present in Brazil, where the attendance of the social longings justifies a change of the almost absolute theory of the separation of the powers. The positive base of the assertive has supporting, concerning the thematic discussed, in the competence of the Supreme Federal Tribunal as guard of the Constitution,according to the art. 102 of the Federal Constitution. Later on, the attention returns to the theory of the materialization of Müller, a theory that gets the creative activity of the interpreter guided by the program of the norm and for the reality (for the context), seeking to present method and road insurances to understand the list of having legitimated to question violation to fundamental precept and to the principle of the subsidiariedade, uncertain juridical concepts, lacking of complementation for they be applied. The materialization method, in that line, is used as important procedure to avoid the judicial activism and the outrage. To the end, after the analysis of the theoretical and jurisprudential bases more important, and consolidating all the foundations fanned previously, it is advanced about the demarcation of those legitimated to impetrate the noncompliance`s arguing of fundamental precept and of the principle of subsidiariedade applied to this, being supplied position guided by a wide legitimacy, pondered by the filter of transcendency, and for the understanding that the principle of the subsidiariedade should have in mind the ineffectiveness of the actions of the diffuse and concentrated control of constitutionality. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema da dissertação é: O preceito fundamental como instrumento de concretização dos direitos fundamentais: por uma perspectiva legitimante do Estado Democrático de Direito . O desenvolvimento deste estudo visa apresentar os efeitos que uma interpretação concretizadora do conceito de preceito fundamental, do rol de legitimados e do princípio da subsidiariedade em sede de argüição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental pode conferir numa perspectiva de legitimar o Estado brasileiro. A análise visa abordar, dentro dos limites traçados anteriormente, alguns dos aspectos mais controversos da Lei nº 9.882/99. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é atestar a propriedade da argüição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental como um instrumento de acesso popular à jurisdição concentrada do Supremo Tribunal Federal em defesa dos direitos fundamentais. Para este fim, foi utilizado o método dedutivo na delimitação do conceito de preceito fundamental, dos elementos que o compõem, com análise mais detida nos direitos fundamentais e no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Dentro do método indutivo, o estudo segue na compreensão do conceito de povo e de sua importância como titular do poder estatal. Desta forma, a base legitimatória do Estado passa a se referir ao conceito de povo, numa dimensão ampla e abrangente à moda de Friedrich Müller, tudo com base na disciplina carreada no parágrafo único do art. 1º da Constituição Federal, que levanta o fato de que todo o poder emana do povo, que o exerce por meio de seus representantes eleitos, ou diretamente, nos termos da Constituição. O estudo avança, então, na compreensão da função do judiciário como defensor dos preceitos fundamentais, notadamente, os direitos fundamentais, considerando a característica de república substancialista presente no Brasil, onde o atendimento dos anseios sociais justifica uma mudança da quase absoluta teoria da separação dos poderes. A base positiva da assertiva tem sustentação, no tocante à temática discutida, na competência do Supremo Tribunal Federal como guarda da Constituição, conforme o art. 102 da Constituição Federal. Posteriormente, a atenção se volta à teoria da concretização de Müller, uma teoria que preconiza a atividade criativa do intérprete guiada pelo programa da norma e pela realidade (pelo contexto), visando apresentar método e caminho seguros para compreender o rol de legitimados a questionar violação a preceito fundamental e ao princípio da subsidiariedade, conceitos jurídicos indeterminados carentes de complementação para serem aplicados. O método de concretização, nessa linha, é utilizado como importante procedimento para se evitar o ativismo judicial e a arbitrariedade. Ao fim, depois da análise das bases teóricas e jurisprudenciais mais importantes, e consolidando todos os fundamentos aventados anteriormente, avança-se sobre a demarcação dos legitimados a manusear a argüição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental e do princípio da subsidiariedade aplicado a esta, fornecendo-se posição orientada por uma legitimidade ampla, ponderada pelo filtro da transcendência, e pelo entendimento de que o princípio da subsidiariedade deve ter em vista a inefetividade das ações do controle difuso e concentrado de constitucionalidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaENSCR.pdf: 352298 bytes, checksum: b5c4d34a944bdc1cf9a86316660310f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26 / It presents a study about the control of constitutionality, its requirements and beddings. It brings, at first, notions about the concept of constitution, in its most varied aspects, as well as the systems of Control of Constitutionality. It emphasizes, considering the actual Brazilian situation, which passes through constitutional reforms and, therefore, assenting the appearance of an enormous amount of ordinary laws, the legal instability that has formed itself within the national panoram. Because of this situation, the institute of the Control of Constitutionality gains inmportancy as a way of protection of our Great Letter, against possible violations which can unfortunately happen. More ahead in the difuse control of constitutionality argues the new trend of generalization, especially after the recent reform that introduced the general repercussion as new requirement of admissibilidade of the appeal to the Brazilian Supreme Court. In the final chapter brings an analysis on the institute of amicus curiae, arguing its historical origins and its evolution, in the comparative jurisprudence, and the Brazilian right. From then is gone deep the paper of amicus curiae in the constitutionality control and, after quarrel on the difficulties of the Brazilian population to materialize its right before the judiciary, as this new institute could contribute in basic way for the materialization of the constitutional rule of access to justice / Apresenta um estudo acerca do Controle da Constitucionalidade, seus pressupostos e fundamentos. Traz, primeiramente, no??es acerca do conceito de Constitui??o, em seus mais variados aspectos, bem como dos sistemas de Controle da Constitucionalidade. Enfoca, em face da atual situa??o brasileira, que passa por reformas a n?vel constitucional e, por conseguinte, autorizando o surgimento de uma verdadeira avalanche de Leis Ordin?rias, a instabilidade jur?dica que tem se formado no panorama nacional. Em decorr?ncia desta situa??o, o Instituto do Controle de Constitucionalidade ganha import?ncia como forma de prote??o de nossa Magna Carta Magna, contra poss?veis viola??es que infelizmente s?o pass?veis de acontecer. Mais adiante discute a tend?ncia de abstrativa??o do controle difuso de constitucionalidade, especialmente ap?s a recente reforma que introduziu a repercuss?o geral como novo requisito de admissibilidade do recurso extraordin?rio. No cap?tulo final traz uma an?lise acurada sobre o instituto do amicus curiae, discutindo suas origens hist?ricas e sua evolu??o, no direito comparado, e no direito brasileiro. A partir da? aprofunda-se no papel do amicus curiae no controle de constitucionalidade e, ap?s discuss?o sobre as dificuldades da popula??o brasileira para concretizar seu direito perante o judici?rio, como esse novo instituto poderia contribuir de maneira fundamental para a efetiva??o do preceito constitucional do acesso ? justi?a

De nombreuses applications décisionnelles reposent sur des entrepôts de données. Ces entrepôts permettent le stockage de données multidimensionnelles historisées qui sont ensuite analysées grâce à des outils OLAP. Traditionnellement, les nouvelles données dans ces entrepôts sont chargées grâce à des processus d’alimentation réalisant des insertions en bloc, déclenchés périodiquement lorsque l’entrepôt est hors-ligne. Une telle stratégie implique que d’une part les données de l’entrepôt ne sont pas toujours à jour, et que d’autre part le système de décisionnel n’est pas continuellement disponible. Or cette latence n’est pas acceptable dans certaines applications modernes, tels que la surveillance de bâtiments instrumentés dits "intelligents", la gestion des risques environnementaux etc., qui exigent des données les plus récentes possible pour la prise de décision. Ces applications temps réel requièrent l’intégration rapide et atomique des nouveaux faits dans l’entrepôt de données. De plus, ce type d’applications opérant dans des environnements fortement évolutifs, les données définissant les dimensions d’analyse elles-mêmes doivent fréquemment être mises à jour. Dans cette thèse, de tels entrepôts de données sont qualifiés d’entrepôts de données dynamiques. Nous proposons un modèle de données pour ces entrepôts dynamiques et définissons un espace hiérarchique de données appelé Hierarchical Hybrid Multidimensional Data Space (HHMDS). Un HHMDS est constitué indifféremment de dimensions ordonnées et/ou non ordonnées. Les axes de l’espace de données sont non-ordonnés afin de favoriser leur évolution dynamique. Nous définissons une structure de regroupement de données, appelé Minimum Bounding Space (MBS), qui réalise le partitionnement efficace des données dans l’espace. Des opérateurs, relations et métriques sont définis pour permettre l’optimisation de ces partitions. Nous proposons des algorithmes pour stocker efficacement des données agrégées ou détaillées, sous forme de MBS, dans une structure d’arbre appelée le DyTree. Les algorithmes pour requêter le DyTree sont également fournis. Les nœuds du DyTree, contenant les MBS associés à leurs mesures agrégées, représentent des sections matérialisées de cuboïdes, et l’arbre lui-même est un hypercube partiellement matérialisé maintenu en ligne à l’aide des mises à jour incrémentielles. Nous proposons une méthodologie pour évaluer expérimentalement cette technique de matérialisation partielle ainsi qu’un prototype. Le prototype nous permet d’évaluer la structure et la performance du DyTree par rapport aux autres solutions existantes. L’étude expérimentale montre que le DyTree est une solution efficace pour la matérialisation partielle d’un cube de données dans un environnement dynamique. / Data warehouses are being used in many applications since quite a long time. Traditionally, new data in these warehouses is loaded through offline bulk updates which implies that latest data is not always available for analysis. This, however, is not acceptable in many modern applications (such as intelligent building, smart grid etc.) that require the latest data for decision making. These modern applications necessitate real-time fast atomic integration of incoming facts in data warehouse. Moreover, the data defining the analysis dimensions, stored in dimension tables of these warehouses, also needs to be updated in real-time, in case of any change. In this thesis, such real-time data warehouses are defined as dynamic data warehouses. We propose a data model for these dynamic data warehouses and present the concept of Hierarchical Hybrid Multidimensional Data Space (HHMDS) which constitutes of both ordered and non-ordered hierarchical dimensions. The axes of the data space are non-ordered which help their dynamic evolution without any need of reordering. We define a data grouping structure, called Minimum Bounding Space (MBS), that helps efficient data partitioning of data in the space. Various operators, relations and metrics are defined which are used for the optimization of these data partitions and the analogies among classical OLAP concepts and the HHMDS are defined. We propose efficient algorithms to store summarized or detailed data, in form of MBS, in a tree structure called DyTree. Algorithms for OLAP queries over the DyTree are also detailed. The nodes of DyTree, holding MBS with associated aggregated measure values, represent materialized sections of cuboids and tree as a whole is a partially materialized and indexed data cube which is maintained using online atomic incremental updates. We propose a methodology to experimentally evaluate partial data cubing techniques and a prototype implementing this methodology is developed. The prototype lets us experimentally evaluate and simulate the structure and performance of the DyTree against other solutions. An extensive study is conducted using this prototype which shows that the DyTree is an efficient and effective partial data cubing solution for a dynamic data warehousing environment.

[pt] A tese investiga a relação entre design, imaginação, sentidos e emoções. Questiona-se: como os objetos e/ou espaços se expressam para o homem e vice-versa? Quais sentidos regem esta comunicação? Como aproximar arte, ciência, imaginação, design e magia? Como criar objetos e espaços que criam encantamento? A partir dessas perguntas, o trabalho mergulha nos conceitos teóricos dos poetas românticos Friedrich Schlegel e Novalis sobre a influência dos fragmentos no pensamento e na criatividade, assim como nas teorias de Richard Holmes a respeito do período histórico conhecido como Age of Wonder — uma época marcada por grandes descobertas, movidas pelo desejo, um certo descompromisso com as regras, e o prazer da descoberta — visando compreender como essa fluidez entre desejo, imaginação, ciência, arte e filosofia influenciava o gênio criativo. Inspirada neste momento do romantismo, a hipótese defendida é a relevância destes elementos, imaginação e sentido, para o desenvolvimento da criatividade e, assim, a criação de um vínculo intuitivo entre sujeitos, artefatos e espaços. Para tal, percorre-se, em especial, o trabalho de Thomas Hankins e Silverman sobre instrumentos e imaginação; as ideias de Pallasmaa sobre sentidos e arquitetura; as teorias de De Cruz e De Smedt sobre analogias distantes; Stafford acerca da educação visual e sensorial existente no século XVIII e XIX, e Sarah Tindal Kareem que aponta como a literatura do século XVIII trouxe a volta da crença no wonder. Embebida por esses juízos, a pesquisa conceitua a ideia central do Wonder Design: a busca por estimular o pensamento criativo fragmentário e não-linear inspirado na associação entre romantismo, encantamento, imaginação e sentidos. Através disso, buscamos estimular a criação de conceitos e projetos que estimulem a imaginação, a criatividade e o senso de wonder. Por wonder entende-se encantamento e maravilhamento, ou seja, elementos que despertam sentidos, emoções e curiosidades no indivíduo. Nossa ideia, foi remover certas amarras racionais no processo do design e permitir uma maior liberdade de criação. O Wonder Design também busca a materialização do abstrato - imaginação e sentidos - em artefatos denominados Objetos Vivos. Para corporificar tais noções, um instrumento da imaginação foi desenvolvido: as Wonder Cards, uma ferramenta criativa em forma de card game para a conceituação de projetos que têm imaginação, sentidos e emoções como parâmetros primordiais. Também foram realizadas experiências iniciais com o que denominamos de Wonder Places, que são elementos conceituais que alteram o espaço e buscam criar uma experiência que influencia o pensamento criativo. As dinâmicas no qual trabalhamos esses conceitos foram realizadas em workshops com públicos variados. Os resultados e as reflexões dessas experiências são apresentados, assim como os possíveis desdobramentos futuros de estudos sobre o que denominamos de Wonder Design. / [en] The following thesis investigates the connection between design, imagination, senses and emotions. We wonder: how are objects and/or spaces expressed for men and vice versa? What senses rule this communication? How to bring art, science, imagination, design and magic closer? How to create objects and spaces that produce enchantment? From these questions onward, we delve into theoretical concepts of romantic poets Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis about the influence of fragments on thinking and creativity, as well as on Richard Holmes theories regarding the historical period known as Age of Wonder- a time period famous for its great discoveries, driven by desire, a kind of disregard to the rules, and the pleasure of discovery-- aiming to fully understand how this fluidity between desire, imagination, science, art and philosophy influenced the creative genius. Inspired by this moment of romanticism, we defend the hypothesis that the relevance of these elements, imagination and sense, for the development of creativity, and thus, the formation of an intuitive link between subjects, artefacts and spaces. To that end, we analyzed mainly the work of Thomas Hankins and Silverman about instruments and imagination; Pallasma s ideas about senses and architecture; De Cruz and De Smedt s theories about distant analogies, Stafford s theories about visual and sensorial education present on the XVIII and XIX centuries, and Sarah Tindal Kareem who points out how the literature of the XVIII century brought back the belief in wonder. Instilled by these judgements, the research conceptualizes the main idea of Wonder Design: the aim to stimulate fragmentary and nonlinear inventive thinking inspired by the association between romanticism, enchantment, imagination and senses. Thereby, we aim to stimulate the creation of concepts and projects that boost imagination, creativity and sense of wonder. By wonder, we mean enchantment and amazement, that is, elements that awaken senses, emotions and curiosity on the individual. Our idea was to remove some rational tethers of the design process and to allow greater freedom of creation. Moreover, Wonder Design aims to materialize the abstract -imagination and senses - through artefacts named Living Objects. To embody these notions, an instrument of imagination was developed: The Wonder Cards, an ingenious tool shaped as a card game to conceptualize projects that use senses, emotions and imagination as primordial baselines. We performed initial experiments with what we named Wonder Places, that are conceptual elements that change space, intending to create an experience that influences creative thinking. We worked with these concepts in dynamics held at workshops with a diversified public. We presented here the results and the reflections of these experiences, as well as possible future developments from studies about what we call Wonder Design.