In this thesis you will find guidelines of healthy lifestyle concerning pregnancy and motherhood, which will serve as a handbook for parents-to-be. I will mainly focus on recommendations for the right eating habits and appropriate sports for expectant mothers. I won?t also leave out the mental health issue, where will be tips and suggestions for improvement of the mental state of the parents. In this text there are listed some organizations which deals with the parents' education in the area of healthy lifestyle. They are chosen to provide quality information for expectant parents. You will find here also the results of research concerning the change of attitudes of parents during their parenthood, which were obtained from a questionnaire that was sent to the Parent Centers in the Czech Republic. Thanks to this questionnaire you will find the attitude of parents to the questions of tuition on primary schools concerning the healthy lifestyle, they underwent.

La principale question à laquelle cette thèse tente de répondre, c’est la façon dont est abordée et révélée la question de la maternité et, plus largement, de la parentalité dans la mythologie grecque et comment, par le biais de cette approche, nous pouvons déceler et expliquer la situation sociale des femmes et leur statut maternel dans le système de valeurs que véhicule la mythologie. En utilisant la catégorie du genre dans le traitement de cette thématique, cette thèse s’efforce de proposer de nouvelles possibilités pour interpréter et expliquer l'abolition de la maternité et plus largement de la parentalité, l'infanticide, mais aussi la survivance du système pré-patriarcal dans le système religieux androcentré du panthéon grec. On examine les mythes en prenant en compte leur contexte social, culturel et historique afin d’en tirer des conclusions sur la position de chaque sexe dans la sphère publique et privée, sur le rôle respectif des hommes et des femmes dans leur vie privée, sur les relations de pouvoir et de subordination entre les sexes, ainsi que sur le système des valeurs et des perceptions qui dominent, mais – surtout – sur la représentation qui est donnée de ce système dans les mythes grecs. En sens, cette thèse se veut une contribution à la tentative plus large qui est universellement en cours pour réintégrer les femmes dans le contexte non seulement de l'histoire, mais aussi de la mythologie. / The main question that this thesis tries to answer is how the subject of maternity and, in general, parenthood is discussed and revealed through the Greek mythology and how we can, through this approach, pinpoint and explain the social status of women and maternity in the mythological value system. By using the category of “sex” in this subject’s approach, analysis and conclusions, the purpose of this thesis is to offer new possibilities to interpret and explain, regarding the abolishment of maternity and, generally, parenthood, the act of infanticide, but also the survival of the prοpatriachal system in the male-dominated religious belief of the Greek pantheon. The myths are being examined by taking into consideration their social, cultural and historical context in order to come to conclusions about each sex’s position in the public and private sector, about the roles of men and women in their private lives, about the relationships of power and submission between them, as well as the dominant value and perception system and, above all, about the representation of this system in the Greek mythology. In this sense, this thesis aims to be a contribution to the ongoing wider global effort to reintegrate women not only in a historical context but also in mythology

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Ribeiro Mandarino.pdf: 669630 bytes, checksum: 099cabac59c1bc6bdb48a0830a3951ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-18 / This study aimed to analyze some aspects related to the choice of the type of delivery and assess the rates of caesarean sections in two referral maternity hospitals, a public and a private one, in São Luís, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Through a cross-sectional study, 163 primiparous women at the public maternity and 89, at the private one, with medium ages of 21,63 ± 5,24 e 28,8 ± 5,41 years respectively, admitted consecutively, were aborded. In the antepartum period, the women were asked about their preference in regard to the manner of giving birth: via vaginal or by caesarean section. In the postpartum period it were obtained informations about social-demographic data, prenatal care, the type of delivery accomplished and women s satisfaction with each type, and the indications for the caesarean sections, being made an univariated comparision between the two samples. The statistical analyze was processed in the Epi-info program, being considered significant a p < 0,05. There were more brown women at the public hospital e more white ones at the private maternity. At the private maternity it was observed too a better level of scholarship and income. In regard to the type of delivery, 79,1% of the childbearings at the public maternity said to prefer the vaginal way, while the majority (67,4%) of the private unit women expressed their preference for the caesarean section (p < 0,0001). In the two groups, the majority of the women related to have received prenatal care (96,9 and 98,9%, respectively), being complete in 57% and 97,8% of the childbearings, respectively. The caesarean section was accomplished in 46% of the women at the public maternity and in 97,8% of those ones attended at the private maternity (p< 0,0001), being registered a medical indication in 94,7% and 63,2% of the cases, respectively (p< 0,0001); in the private unit, the remaining 36,8% cases were ascribed to maternal request . The main indications for caesarean section at the public maternity were cephalo-pelvic disproportion (39,4%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (29,6%) and foetal distress (25,4%), and at the private one, cephalo-pelvic disproportion 45,5%), fetal distress (27,3%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (21,8%). The satisfaction rate of the women was high with both types of delivery, at both maternities, but the intention to repeat the type of delivery was more frequently reported among those ones submitted to a vaginal delivery (71,6 x 41,3%, at the public, and 100 x 65,5%, at the private maternity). Among the childbearings assisted at the public hospital, the caesarian subgroup presented a higher proportion of whites and women with better income. So, in the present study, caesarean sections rates were elevated in both public and private maternities, but significantly higher at the private one, where it was observed too a higher proportion of caesarian sections ascribed to maternal request . It was evidenced yet a higher preference for vaginal delivery at the public maternity and for caesarian section at the private one. White race and better income were significantly associated with the occurence of caesarean sections at the public maternity. / O propósito da presente pesquisa foi analisar aspectos relacionados à escolha do tipo de parto e determinar as taxas de cesarianas em uma maternidade pública e outra privada, em São Luís, Maranhão. Trata-se de um estudo transversal abordando 163 primíparas na maternidade pública e 89, na privada, com médias de idade de 21,63 ± 5,24 e 28,8 ± 5,41 anos, respectivamente, admitidas consecutivamente, entre fevereiro e maio de 2007. No pré-parto, pesquisou-se a preferência das gestantes em relação ao tipo de parto, vaginal ou cesáreo. No pós-parto, foram colhidas informações acerca das características sócio-demográficas, assistência pré-natal, tipo de parto realizado e satisfação com a via de parto escolhida, e indicações das cesarianas, procedendo-se uma análise comparativa univariada entre as amostras. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o programa Epi-info, adotando-se como significativo um p < 0,05. Havia maior proporção de pardas na maternidade pública e de brancas na privada. Na maternidade privada, registraram-se melhores níveis de escolaridade e renda. Quanto à via de parto, 79,1% das gestantes da maternidade pública afirmaram preferir o parto vaginal, enquanto na maternidade privada predominou a preferência pelo parto cesáreo (67,4%), com p< 0,0001. Nos 2 grupos, a maioria das gestantes referiu ter recebido assistência pré-natal (96,9 e 98,9%, respectivamente), sendo a mesma considerada completa em 57% das gestantes da maternidade pública e em 97,8% das da maternidade privada. O parto cesáreo foi realizado em 46% das mulheres da maternidade pública e em 97,8% das da privada (p< 0,0001), havendo indicação clínica registrada em 94,7% dos casos da pública e em 63,2% dos da privada (p<0,0001); nesta, os restantes 36,8% dos casos foram rotulados como a pedido . As principais indicações de parto cesáreo na maternidade pública foram desproporção céfalo-pélvica (39,4%), DHEG (29,6%) e sofrimento fetal (25,4%) e na privada, desproporção céfalo-pélvica (45,5%), sofrimento fetal (27,3%) e DHEG (21,8%). O nível de satisfação das parturientes foi elevado com as duas vias de parto, em ambas as maternidades, porém o desejo de repetir o tipo de parto foi mais freqüentemente referido por aquelas submetidas ao parto vaginal (71,6% x 41,3%, na pública e 100% x 65,5%, na privada). Na amostra da maternidade pública, o subgrupo cesariana apresentava uma maior proporção de mulheres brancas e de melhor renda. Portanto, neste estudo, a taxa de cesarianas foi elevada nas duas maternidades, porém significativamente maior na privada, onde se verificou ainda uma maior proporção de cesarianas a pedido , sendo observada preferência pelo parto vaginal na maternidade pública e pela cesariana, na privada. Maiores proporções de mulheres brancas e de melhor renda estiveram associadas de forma significativa à realização do parto cesáreo na maternidade pública.

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Thesis (Master of Nursing)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / In the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), one of the aspects to be taken into consideration is the self-esteem of pregnant women. Professional nurses in maternity settings need to support pregnant women, with a focus on providing balanced care to meet all of the women’s needs and build their self-esteem. Self-esteem reflects one’s subjective emotional evaluation of one’s worth. A decrease in the self-esteem of the individual with HIV/AIDS infections is common and professional nurses should advise patients on the appropriate ways to deal with HIV/AIDS. A supportive environment for HIV/AIDS women could enhance their self-esteem. The researcher overheard HIV/AIDS positive patients in a maternity unit express their feelings of worthlessness and wondered how he could support them to have self-worth. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the role of professional nurses in promoting a healthy self-esteem in hospitalised, pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in a maternity unit in a public hospital in Cape Town. The study was qualitative in nature, departing from assumptions of the theoretical framework of Eric Erikson. An exploratory, descriptive, contextual, qualitative design was followed when the semi-structured interviews were conducted. The accessible population comprised of 15 professional nurses working at the maternity unit. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of 11 professional nurses (participants) working in a maternity unit who met the eligibility criteria. Individual interviews were conducted with eight participants as a starting point until data saturation was reached. After obtaining permission from the necessary authorities, the researcher visited the manager of the unit. Two pilot individual interviews were conducted to determine whether the research questions were understood. The researcher explained the purpose and information on the information sheet and obtained informed consent. Interviews lasted 45 minutes were conducted in a private room and recorded. The researcher used an interview schedule and made field notes while conducting the interviews. Data triangulation of the interviews and field notes ware done. Thematic analysis coding was applied to analyse data. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The following ethical principles of privacy, the right to withdraw and anonymity were followed. The findings indicated HIV/AIDS-related stigma as the main cause of a poor self-esteem among pregnant women with HIV/AIDS. Participants furthermore felt that there is a need for training and skills development of professional nurses to enable them to understand how to support HIV/AIDS pregnant women and enhance their self-esteem. It was concluded that professional nurses should support pregnant women with HIV/AIDS places a socio-economic burden on societies and has set the world into spending millions on healthcare settings in an attempt to curb the disease.

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M.Cur. / In this study a qualitative design which is explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature is followed. The objective of the study is three-fold: firstly, to explore and describe the opinions of members of the community about the reasons for the under-utilization of the Midwifery Obstetrical Unit ; secondly, to explore and describe the suggestions of the community for improving the utilization of the Midwifery Obstetrical Unit and, thirdly, to formulate intervention strategies for community nurses to improve the utilization of the MOU. Data was collected by means of focus group interviews, and was analysed using Tesch's method of data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by using the method of Guba and Lincoln. The participants in research were mothers who delivered their babies at the hospital, mothers who delivered their babies at the MOU, members of the Community Health Committee and MOU nurses.

My dissertation consists of three essays on the Korean labor market. The first essay studies how the extensive provision of maternity leave and childcare leave in Korea affects the employment and wages of young women. This reform is expected to increase the labor supply and decrease the labor demand for young women. As a result, the mean wage of young women should fall. But the direction of the change in their employment probability is hard to infer because it depends on the relative magnitudes of the shifts of the labor supply and demand curves. A difference-in-difference-in-differences model having older women, older men, and young men simultaneously as the control group suggests that neither the employment nor the hourly wages of young women are affected. The second essay explores why married men have higher hourly earnings and employment propensity than otherwise comparable single men. In a fixed effects regression, which controls for the selection of more productive men into marriage, married men do not experience faster growth in earnings and employment rate before marriage. Rather, when marriage takes place, the earnings of married men start increasing relative to those of single men. Also, that South Korean men have a greater earnings growth after marriage than U.S. men is consistent with the national difference in the degree of specialization within married households. Married men are more likely to work than single men only for the first few years of marriage, and single men outperform married men afterwards. The final essay studies why gender differences in earnings and earnings growth exist among new Korean college graduates before women take time off of work for marriage and motherhood. I find that women do not face an initial earnings gap after graduating college compared to men who finished military service. The lower earnings that women receive can be entirely explained by the difference in age at graduation between men and women. However, women's earnings grow slower than those of men who finished military service. This is partly because a greater percentage of women graduate from colleges of education, which provide slower earnings growth than other types of colleges. Most of the gender difference in earnings growth remains unexplained. / text

Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

The main topic of the presented thesis is Marketing in Obstetrics. Principal goals were set as follows: To describe how does marketing works in an environment of maternity hospitals. What demands have their clients and what clients consider most important during childbirth and after a delivery. The theoretical part focuses on a development of care in maternity hospitals throughout history, legal aspects of this specific care and current trends in society that affect clients' demands. Additionally I depict the specific of marketing in Obstetrics and I present it in a perspective of the 4C mix with emphasis on a communication and a convenience. The empirical part unravels the subject from the point of view of health service providers as well as health service consumers. Data sources used to describe in detail marketing of five maternity hospitals were: interviews, information form internet sites and clients personal experience. Furthermore I led investigation using questionnaire filled by hospitals' clients and I preformed ten in-depth structured interviews, upon which I formulated basic ideas of what clients want and what are the basic shortcomings in obstetric health service. The result of my investigation brought up the fact, that fulfillment of clients' expectations is substantial. The choice of...