Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-20T14:21:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luiz Antonio Tavares de Oliveira.pdf: 1568115 bytes, checksum: 669684073f4278b0aae4285989b23a74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T14:21:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luiz Antonio Tavares de Oliveira.pdf: 1568115 bytes, checksum: 669684073f4278b0aae4285989b23a74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / Teaching chemistry in most high schools traditionally emphasizes memorization and transmission of fragmented and isolated contents. In technical education, however, that is less functional, because a connection between the National Base contents with more practical technical themes is necessary. In the absence of such connections, future technicians remain unprepared to make links and not able to apply his full skills. The scope of this research is to develop an innovative teaching model that enhances chemistry learning along with development of other technical and significant skills and competencies. Hence, ?Guaran?? was chosen, because it is a product symbol of Mau?s city, to become an integrating element: it would bring practical significance to chemistry classes for first year technical students. The specific objectives were: to verify whether the theme ?fertilizers for guaran? production? enhances significant chemical learning through lectures and projects development; and to verify whether this approach influences student?s approvals in chemistry courses. This research was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas - IFAM, campus Mau?s in 2015, with thirty-three students of first year in Agricultural Technical Course. A new chenistry course description having ?guaran? produciton? as integrating element was designed. Topics such as: factors affecting the growth of guaran? plants, types of fertilizers used for this crop based on the essential macro and micronutrient demands. An initial survey followed by a second one afer claases were performed, at the end of the term, were applied to verify whether the main chemistry concepts were incorporated into the practical technical ones. Also the academic performance was looked into.The performance of the experimental group was compared to previous years?classes. The outcome of the two questionnaires revealed growth of 300 % in correct or expected answers; with respect to the final approval in Chemistry, experimental group increased by 84.85 %, surpassing all others from previous years. It is therefore concluded that the teaching method proposed, that is, connected to an integrating figure of tangible significance for the students, in this case the ' Guarana of Mau?s ' can contribute to better articulation of chemistry teaching/learning, with the development of skills and competences within a real context. / O ensino m?dio de qu?mica, na maioria das escolas tem por tradi??o a memoriza??o e a transmiss?o de conte?dos fragmentados e de forma isolada. No ensino T?cnico isso ? menos v?lido, pois se faz necess?rio uma conex?o maior entre os conte?dos da Base Nacional com as disciplinas de natureza t?cnica. Na aus?ncia desse enfoque, o futuro t?cnico fica com o conhecimento compartimentado, o que n?o colabora para a sua aprendizagem integral. Assim, o objetivo geral foi o de se desenvolver uma estrat?gia de ensino de qu?mica inovadora, para que a aprendizagem melhore e que o estudante desenvolva de forma mais ?ntegra as suas habilidades e compet?ncias t?cnicas. Assim, elegeu-se o fruto s?mbolo da cidade de Mau?s, o guaran?, como figura integradora do ensino de qu?mica no primeiro ano do ensino m?dio. O objetivo espec?fico foi verificar se o tema ?adubos e aduba??o do guaranazeiro? nas aulas de qu?mica, associada a projetos de pesquisa, revela potencialidades para se desenvolver conceitos qu?micos significativos e verificar se a nova metodologia repercute na evolu??o das notas finais e aprova??es da disciplina. A pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas ? IFAM, campus Mau?s em 2015, com trinta e tr?s alunos do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do 1? ano. Organizou-se um ement?rio de qu?mica por meio de um mapa conceitual partindo da cultura do guaran?, destacando-se os fatores que interferem no crescimento das plantas, os tipos de adubos usados na cultura de acordo com os macro e micronutrientes essenciais. Aplicou-se no in?cio um question?rio diagn?stico e ap?s ministradas as aulas com esse novo ement?rio, coletaram-se dados por meio da aplica??o de question?rio final, para verificar se os conceitos qu?micos foram incorporados aos conceitos t?cnicos e se isso refletiu no rendimento escolar. O desempenho da turma experimental foi comparado ao das turmas anteriores. O resultado da avalia??o dos dois question?rios - diagn?stico e final-, revelou evolu??o de 300% nas respostas esperadas ou corretas; com rela??o ? aprova??o final de Qu?mica da turma experimental houve aumento de 84,85%, superando todas as demais. Conclui-se assim que o ensino contextualizado proposto, conectado a uma figura integradora de significado tang?vel para os estudantes, no caso o ?Guaran? em Mau?s? pode contribuir para melhor articula??o do ensino-aprendizagem disciplinar com o desenvolvimento de habilidades e compet?ncias dentro de um contexto real.

This study examines the origin, the manifestation and impact of the direct taxation of Africans in Kenya. While the state had several reasons for imposing taxation on Africans, the basic factor weighed on the need for a definitive source of revenue. For most of the colonial period, this aggregated to about 37½ percent of the total revenues. The thesis shows how taxes were collected from Africans, how this led to participation in the cash economy and how they continually resisted and evaded such taxation. Tax collection was synonymous with colonialism and this was manifested through the central role of chiefs, who used taxes and force to coerce Africans into migrant wage labour. Through taxation policies, legislation and African resourcefulness, migrant wage labour served the needs of a colonial capitalist settler economy. In this way, the colonial state revealed its capacity for dominance, power and exploitation. Evidence has been adduced to show that African taxation was an important factor in Kenya’s administrative, political and economic development. The policy of African taxation, land loss and poor working conditions are remembered as having interfered with African mechanisms for accumulating wealth. One of the main objections of the payment of taxes was the manner of its collection. Those unable to pay were imprisoned or detained while many took to instant flight at the sight of the tax collector. The thesis shows that in spite of all these harsh tax collection methods, peasants remained largely resilient and industrious. The Mau Mau movement was the culmination of various peasant grievances in which the colonial state used steep taxation as a counter-insurgency measure. Kenya’s independence in 1963, however, never altered the predatory nature of the state. Subtle, opportunistic and overt ways continued to be used to extract taxes from the peasants and the working class. It was not until 1973 that the much-hated colonial poll tax that had been renamed as graduated poll tax was abolished and replaced by indirect taxation. Finally, taxation like other colonial legacies has endured and has become one of the most important sources of revenue for the government to manage its fiscal policies.

Mau Mau var en illegal upprorsmakande organisation i Kenya, sprungen ur det Afrika främjande partiet Kenya African Union under mitten av 1900-talet då Kenya var en brittisk koloni. Mau Maus anhängare kom från den etniskt kenyanska folkgruppen kikuyu som medelst våld ville uppnå målet att skapa ett kikuyukontrollerat Kenya fritt från vita européer. Britternas svar på Mau Mau blev upprorsbekämpning vilken av britterna anses lyckad och präglades av deportering av civila. Undersökningen besvarar frågan huruvida Galulas teori om upprorsbekämpning hade varit tillämpbar på konflikten i Kenya genom en fallstudie på britternas agerande utifrån Galulas teori. För att identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan empiri och teori används textanalys samt Gordon McCormicks Magiska Diamant som ett analys- och operationaliseringsverktyg. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att Galulas teori hade kunnat tillämpas av britterna och genererat en, för britterna, framgångsrik upprorsbekämpning.

No description available.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-31T17:57:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristiano Gomes do Nascimento.pdf: 2424813 bytes, checksum: c630e184b93cee355b8e227075bf3fd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T17:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristiano Gomes do Nascimento.pdf: 2424813 bytes, checksum: c630e184b93cee355b8e227075bf3fd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / This research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology campus Mau?s Amazonas (IFAM / CMA) with the effective participation of 16 students of the Technical Course in Administration in the subsequent form in the first semester of 2016. The objective of the study was to "Develop the Social Responsibility through the Sustainable Economy in professional training of the Administrative Technician, based on guarana production culture ", to this purpose, we developed a pedagogical workshop to work themes that might arouse in the future administrative technician vocation to the entrepreneurship worried with the environment. For better understanding of the subjects the workshop was built from their interest, being necessary to work of interdisciplinary form the subjects of the course, as well as to discuss transversal issues as sustainable economy, associations and cooperatives, not included in the curriculum of the course. This way, we sought the work developed by Consortium of Sater?-Maw? Producers in Indigenous Land Andir?-Marau to illustrate practical examples of local reality, since the internal political organization of the group through the General Council of the Tribe Sater?-Maw?, passing to beneficiation unit in Parintins, where the receipt and mapping products is done, a way to trace the origin of the products, to take to Europe part of the production, overcoming bureaucratic obstacles, to then become exporters of Fair Market, which to know, it was necessary to check on the spot through observation and interviews, the work of the entrepreneur indian. To control the learning process from the pedagogical workshop were carried out two tests called Initial Test (Tinitial) and Final Test (Tfinal), tests showed 20 affirmatives about the guarana production process in Mau?s and Sustainable Economy. To measure the level of learning of the subjects, we used the Likert scale with five points, that varied between agree and disagree, where the highest assigned was to agree and the least to disagree. In analyzing the results, we could realize the evolution of the level of agreement of the subjects, because while in Tinitial the General Average was 3.98, Tfinal showed the General Average 4.83. Likewise, it happened with the variation coefficient of the answers of the subjects, because in Tinitial was 30.22% and Tfinal this value fell to 14.53%. This way, we recognized the contribution of this work to the students and teachers involved that each day knew more of the city of Mau?s, its culture and its economic potential, mainly from the experience of Sater?-Maw? through production work and commercialization of guarana as well as, to see that we still have much to contribute as Federal Institute of education, compared with the work that we do and the maueense community believes. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas campus Mau?s (IFAM/CMA) com a participa??o efetiva de 16 alunos do Curso T?cnico em Administra??o na forma subsequente no primeiro semestre de 2016. O objetivo do trabalho foi ?Desenvolver a Responsabilidade Social atrav?s da Economia Sustent?vel na forma??o profissional de T?cnico em Administra??o, com base na cultura de produ??o do guaran??, para tanto, desenvolvemos uma oficina pedag?gica para trabalhar temas que pudessem despertar no futuro t?cnico em administra??o a voca??o para o empreendedorismo preocupado com o meio ambiente. Para melhor compreens?o dos sujeitos a oficina foi constru?da a partir do interesse dos mesmos, sendo necess?rio trabalhar de forma interdisciplinar as disciplinas do curso, bem como, discutir temas transversais como economia sustent?vel, associativismo e cooperativismo, n?o contemplados na matriz curricular do curso. Deste modo, buscamos o trabalho que o Cons?rcio dos Produtores Sater?-Maw? vem desenvolvendo na Terra Ind?gena Andir?-Marau para ilustrar exemplos pr?ticos da realidade local, desde a organiza??o pol?tica interna do grupo atrav?s do Conselho Geral da Tribo Sater?-Maw?, passando pela unidade de beneficiamento em Parintins, onde ? feito o recebimento e mapeamento produtos, uma forma de rastrear a proced?ncia dos produtos, para ent?o, levar at? a Europa parte da produ??o, vencendo obst?culos burocr?ticos, para ent?o, tornarem-se exportadores do Mercado Justo, que para conhecermos, foi necess?rio conferir in loco por meio de observa??o e entrevistas, o trabalho do ?ndio empreendedor. Para fazer o controle do processo de aprendizagem a partir da oficina pedag?gica foram realizados dois testes denominados Teste Inicial (Tinicial) e Teste Final (Tfinal), os testes apresentaram 20 afirmativas sobre o processo de produ??o do guaran? em Mau?s e Economia Sustent?vel. Para mensurar o n?vel de aprendizagem dos sujeitos, foi utilizada a escala de Likert com cinco pontos, que variaram entre concordo e discordo, onde o maior valor atribu?do foi para concordo e menor para discordo. Ao analisar os resultados pudemos perceber a evolu??o do n?vel de concord?ncia dos sujeitos, pois enquanto no Tinicial a M?dia Geral foi 3,98 o Tfinal mostrou a M?dia Geral de 4,83. De mesmo modo, aconteceu com o Coeficiente de Varia??o das respostas dos sujeitos, pois o no Tinicial foi 30,22% e Tfinal esse valor caiu para 14,53%. Com isso, reconhecemos a contribui??o deste trabalho para os discentes e docentes envolvidos, que a cada dia conheciam mais da cidade de Mau?s, da sua cultura e de suas potencialidades econ?micas, principalmente a partir da experi?ncia dos Sater?-Maw?, atrav?s do trabalho de produ??o e comercializa??o do guaran?, bem como, ver que, ainda temos muito a contribuir como instituto federal de educa??o, frente ao trabalho que desenvolvemos e que a comunidade maueense acredita.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-28T19:15:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Elias da Silva Souza.pdf: 1815770 bytes, checksum: 30d921809b6c8bd79dafc9300d2b6e1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T19:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Elias da Silva Souza.pdf: 1815770 bytes, checksum: 30d921809b6c8bd79dafc9300d2b6e1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Guarana (Paullinia cupana variety sorbilis) is an Amazonian species that was first cultivated by the ancient Maues Indians. It was they who domesticated the guarana. The introduction of the technological innovations applied to the guaran? crop in the municipality of Mau?s occurred from 1999, due to the low productive performance of traditional plantations and the attack of pests and diseases that affected the plants. The seedlings until then harvested in the forests or produced in artisanal nurseries, are no longer recommended. Clonal cultivars, along with other technical practices, have become the only method of management recommended by the technicians. This research identified the traditional aspects of guaran? culture in the municipality of Mau?s that remain unchanged, those that are in disuse and which technological innovations have been implemented. Information collection was carried out among Mau?s guaran? producers living in the Mau?s-A?u rivers and their tributaries, Apocuitaua-Miri, Urupadi, Paric? and Marau, to EMBRAPA, IDAM, SEPROR, AMBEV technicians and 1st and 3rd grade students Series of the agricultural technical course of the Federal Institute of Amazonas, Mau?s campus. The impact of this work is to demonstrate that technological innovations can not eliminate traditional practices and that these should be protected, being vital for the preservation of the plant and the guaran? culture in the municipality of Mau?s. / O guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana variedade sorbilis) ? uma esp?cie amaz?nica que inicialmente foi cultivada pelos antigos ?ndios mau?s. Foram eles que domesticaram o guaran?. A introdu??o das inova??es tecnol?gicas aplicadas ? cultura do guaran? no munic?pio de Mau?s ocorreu a partir do ano de 1999, devido ao baixo desempenho produtivo dos plantios tradicionais e o ataque de pragas e doen?as que acometeram as plantas. As mudas at? ent?o colhidas nas matas ou produzidas em viveiros artesanais, deixaram de ser recomendadas. Os cultivares clonais, juntamente com as demais pr?ticas tecnificadas tornaram-se o ?nico m?todo de manejo recomendado pelos t?cnicos. Esta pesquisa identificou aspectos do tradicionalismo da cultura do guaran? do munic?pio de Mau?s que ainda permanecem inalterados, os que est?o em desuso e as inova??es tecnol?gicas que foram adotadas A coleta de dados foi realizada junto a produtores de guaran? de Mau?s residentes nos rios Mau?s-A?u e seus afluentes, Apocuitaua-Miri, Urupadi, Paric? e Marau, aos t?cnicos da EMBRAPA, IDAM, SEPROR, AMBEV e alunos da 1? s?rie e 3? s?rie do curso t?cnico em agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal do Amazonas, campus Mau?s. O impacto deste trabalho est? em demonstrar que as inova??es tecnol?gicas n?o podem eliminar as pr?ticas tradicionais e que estas devem ser protegidas, sendo vitais para a preserva??o da planta e para a cultura do guaran? no munic?pio de Mau?s.

No description available.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Also available in print.

It is commonly agreed that phonological elements must be prosodically licensed in order to be interpreted phonetically (cf. Ito, 1986). The licensing of segments is generally assumed to follow from the Universal Association Conventions. The licensing of phonological units smaller than the segment, however, has not been fully addressed. There is no agreement on the exact licensing mechanisms at play and on what constitutes a proper anchor for the initial association of floating subsegmentals. This thesis proposes a principled account of subsegmental licensing within the theory of segmental structure known as feature geometry, as modified by Piggott (to appear). It is shown that the manifestation of nasality in Maukaka, Koyaga, Jula, and Terena result from the way licensing operates. It is argued that, universally, floating subsegmental units are licensed through mapping, which associates a unit to an available position. It is also proposed that whenever there is no proper position for the mapping of a subsegmental element, this element may be licensed by Chomsky-adjunction. This type of adjunction has played a role in syllabification but not in the organization of feature.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A halitose se caracterizada pela emanação de um odor desagradável onde cerca de 90% de se origina dentro da cavidade oral. Estudos têm demonstrado uma relação direta entre a doença periodontal e o odor ofensivo do hálito. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência e distribuição de halitose em um grupo de pacientes com doença periodontal em um estudo transversal observacional (n=112) e, em um estudo intervencionista, avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal full-mouth e convencional na redução da halitose em um grupo de pacientes com doença periodontal. Os pacientes responderam a uma anamnese, tiveram seu hálito mensurado pelo halímetro e teste organoléptico, além de realizados Índice de placa visível, Índice de sangramento gengival, Índice de saburra lingual e exame periodontal completo. No estudo 2, os pacientes foram submetidos a seis distintas formas de tratamento: terapia periodontal em sessão única, terapia convencional em quadrantes e, um grupo controle, com somente instrução de higiene oral. Todas as modalidades subdivididas: com e sem raspagem lingual diária. No primeiro estudo os resultados mostraram que, tanto para teste organoléptico quanto para o halímetro, houve maior grau de halitose nos grupos de idades mais avançadas, nos que relataram sangramento gengival e escovação menos que três vezes ao dia. Ainda no teste organoléptico a escovação de língua gerou diferença estatística. Não houve diferença estatística entre as medidas de halitose entre teste organoléptico e halímetro. Foram encontrados aproximadamente 75% de pacientes periodontais com halitose. No segundo estudo os resultados mostraram superioridade conforme análise do halímetro para 30, 60 e 90 dias para os grupos de raspagem em sessão única contra raspagem por quadrantes. Sendo todos os grupos superiores ao controle. Não houve diferença na abordagem com ou sem a raspagem de língua. De acordo com o teste organoléptico, não houve diferença entre os quatro tipos de tratamento periodontal comparados aos grupos controle. O mesmo aplica-se ao WTCI, onde os grupos de tratamento foram superiores ao controle, todavia semelhantes entre si. Concluiu-se que a idade e o sangramento gengival, assim como a frequência de escovação podem influenciar no grau de halitose, tanto no teste organoléptico quanto halímetro. A escovação de língua mostrou-se superior apenas na avaliação organoléptica. Quando avaliado através do halímetro o tratamento full-mouth foi superior ao tratamento convencional. Esta diferença não foi observada quando avaliado através do método organoléptico. Todas as modalidades de tratamento periodontal foram superiores aos grupos controle. A raspagem lingual não teve influência nos tratamentos. / Halitosis is characterized by the emission of an unpleasant odor about 90% originates in the oral cavity. Studies have shown a direct relationship between periodontal disease and the offensive odor of breath. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of halitosis in patients with periodontal disease in an observational cross-sectional study (n = 112) and, in an intervention study, the patients have had six distinct forms of treatment (n = 90) to verify the efficacy of full- vs. partial-mouth disinfection in the control of halitosis. Patients answered an interview, they have had their breath collected by halimeter, they have evaluated by organoleptic test, and visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, index of tongue coating and periodontal examination. In the second step, patients have been submitted to six different forms of treatment: periodontal therapy in one session, conventional therapy in quadrants, and the control group, with only oral hygiene instruction. All types split: with and without tongue scraping daily. The first study results shown for both organoleptic test as halimeter, a greater degree of halitosis in the older age groups, we have reported that gum bleeding and brushing less than three times per day. Still in organoleptic test brushing of tongue generated statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between the measures between halitosis and organoleptic test halimeter. There was about 75% og periodontal patients with halitosis. In the second study the results shown the superiority analysis as halimeter for 30, 60 and 90 days for groups of scraping in single session against scraping by quadrants. Being all groups superior from control. There was no difference in approach with or without tongue scraping. According to the organoleptic test, there was no difference between the four types of periodontal treatment compared to the control groups. The same applies to WTCI, the treatment groups were superior to the control, but similar to each other. It was concluded that age and gingival bleeding, like brushing frequency can influence the degree of halitosis, both the organoleptic test as halimeter. Brushing the tongue was superior only in organoleptic evaluation. When assessed by halimeter treatment full-mouth was superior to conventional treatment. This difference was not observed when measured by the organoleptic method. All periodontal treatment modalities were superior to control groups. Scraping lingual had no influence on treatments.