Lönearbete utgör en väsentlig del av de flesta människors liv. Därför är det viktigt för individen och samhället att det finns mening med arbetet, och att det upplevs som meningsfullt. Barnmorskor tillhör en yrkeskategori som upplever sitt arbete som meningsfullt. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie var att undersöka vad sex kvinnliga barnmorskor upplever som meningen med sitt arbete ur ett individ- och samhällsperspektiv samt vad de upplever som meningsfullt i arbetet. Genom en fenomenologisk metod framställdes essensen från barnmorskornas upplevelser. Med begreppet Mening i studien avses syftet eller värdet med arbetet och begreppet meningsfull betyder att arbetet har en djupare innebörd. Den teoretiska och begreppsliga referensramen bygger på tre övergripande meningar med arbetet, att arbeta för: 1) Ekonomiska resurser. 2) Sociala behov och självförverkligande. 3) Andra människors behov. Resultatet av studien visar att ur ett individperspektiv upplevde barnmorskorna att meningen med arbetet var att det var omväxlande, vilket innefattar variation i arbetstempo och möten med olika kollegor och patienter. Meningen med arbete ur ett samhällsperspektiv var att skapa positiva upplevelser, som handlar om ett gott bemötande av patienter, vilket skapar positiva bilder i samhället av vården och att få barn. Upplevelser av meningsfullhet består av att det finns ett behov av barnmorskornas kompetens, och att de är involverade i andra människors unika händelse i livet. Barnmorskorna värdesätter att arbeta för andra människor och samhällets nytta, vilket gör att de intar en altruistisk attityd till arbetet. Barnmorskorna arbetar nära livet självt och med sin kompetens gör de viktig skillnad i människors liv, något som bidrar till upplevelsen av ett meningsfullt arbete. / Paid work is a major part of most people’s life. It is therefore important for individuals, and society as a whole, that there is meaning in the work being performed and it is perceived as meaningful. Midwives belong to a category of workers who perceive their work as meaningful. The intention of this qualitative interview study was to explore what six female midwives perceived as the meaning of work from an individual and society perspective. The aim was also to reveal what they perceived as meaningful in their work. By using a phenomenological method the essence of the midwives experiences was revealed. The concept of meaning in this study is to be understood as the aim or value of work. Meaningfulness is the concept used to describe a deeper meaning of work. The theoretical framework is based upon three generalised work aims, working for: 1) Financial resources. 2) Social needs and the need for self fulfilment. 3) Other people’s needs. The result shows that on an individual level the midwives experienced meaning in their work due to its changeable nature, which includes variations in tempo and encounters with different colleagues and patients. The meaning of work on a societal level was to create positive experiences among patients based on how there were treated. Good treatment generates positive images of the health care system and also of having children. Experiences of meaningfulness are based in the patient´s need for the midwives competence, and their involvement in other people’s unique life experience. Midwives value working for other people and benefiting society; this gives them an altruistic attitude towards work. They work with the intimacies of life, and their role influences other people’s lives, which contributes to the midwives feeling of having a meaningful job.

Šiame moksliniame darbe dėmesys yra kreipiamas į socialinių darbuotojų, dirbančių su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis, darbo prasmės suvokimą per jų profesines patirtis. Profesinėje srityje socialinis darbuotojas yra sąveikos, kuriančios tam tikras prasmes su klientu, įrankis ir dalyvis. Savo veikla ir mąstymu jis nuolat vykdo tam tikrą prasmę. Savo veiklos prasmingumo suvokimas bei dvasingumas leidžia socialiniam darbuotojui jautriai įvertinti sudėtingus žmogaus gyvenimo reiškinius, ieškoti idėjų, analizuoti padarytas klaidas ir vengti jų ateityje. (Kavaliauskienė, 2008). Šiame moksliniame darbe per socialinių darbuotojų profesines patirtis siekiama atskleisti kokie vidiniai veiksniai lėmė darbo su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis pasirinkimą, kokie veiksniai skatina/palaiko, suteikia prasmę likti darbe bei kokie veiksniai yra keliantys abejones išlikti darbe. Tyrimo objektas - socialinių darbuotojų, dirbančių su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis, darbinės patirtys. Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti socialinių darbuotojų dirbančių su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis darbo patirtis. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) Atskleisti socialinių darbuotojų pasirinkimą dirbti su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis lemiančius veiksnius. 2) Atskleisti su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis dirbančių socialinių darbuotojų norą likti darbe palaikančius veiksnius. 3) Atskleisti socialinių darbuotojų, dirbančių su proto negalią turinčiais asmenimis, abejones išlikti darbe lemiančius veiksnius. Siekiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study is oriented to understand the meaning of work of social workers who work with mentally disabled persons by their professional experiences. A social worker is a like a tool and participant in the interaction with a client. The same interaction generates certain meaning with clients. Through his activities and a way of thinking the social worker constantly carries a certain meaning. The perception of meaning of their activities and spirituality allows a social worker to evaluate a complexity of human life, to generate ideas, to analyze mistakes and to avoid them in future. This study reveals some internal factors which led to choose to work with mentally disabled people, factors, which encourage/support and gives the sense to remain at work and which things can cause doubts about remaining at that particular work. The object of study is a variety of experiences of social workers who work with mentally disabled people. The purpose of this research is to reveal the experiences of social workers. The objectives of the research: 1) To reveal the factors which determine a choice of social workers to work with mentally disabled persons. 2) To reveal the supporting factors which allow a social worker to have a desire to remain at work with mentally disabled clients. 3) To reveal the factors which cause doubts about staying at current job position. In order to reveal work experiences of social workers who work with mentally disabled people has been selected a... [to full text]

The work of industrial/organisational (I/O) psychologists presents an interesting context for studying meaning and engagement (as eudaimonic components of happiness). (I/O) psychologists spend more than 88% of their working day with people, and they are primary role models for happiness and change in the workplace. Information about the manifestation of their meaning and work engagement is therefore needed. The aim of this study was to determine how (I/O) psychologists experience the meaning of their work and to investigate the relationships between their experiences of work-role fit, meaning of work, psychological meaningfulness, and work engagement. The research method consisted out of a literature review and empirical study. A survey design with a convenience sample (n = 106) was taken from a sample of registered (I/O) psychologists. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-role Fit Scale (WRFS), Work-life Questionnaire (WLQ), Psychological Meaningfulness Scale (PMS), Work Engagement Scale (WES) and a self-developed survey measuring the actual and desired time spent on six broad categories of work were administered. The statistical analysis was carried out by means of SPSS (2009). Exploratory factor analyses showed one factor models for work-role fit, psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. A two factor model for the meaning of work (a job/calling and career orientation) was found. Cronbach alpha coefficients ranging from 0,80 to 0,93 were obtained. The results showed that a discrepancy exists between the actual time and desired time spent on the six broad categories of work (see Benjamin & Louw-Potgieter, 2008). Furthermore, the results showed that half the 1/0 psychologists view their work as callings. Whereas only 16% view their work as a career and 6,6% as a job. Regression analyses indicated that work-role fit predicts psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. The job/calling orientation predicted both psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. Work-role fit predicted the job/calling orientation. Psychological meaningfulness did not mediate the relationship between work-role fit and work engagement. Work-role fit mediated the relationship between the meaning of work and psychological meaningfulness. Work-role fit partially mediated the relationship between a calling orientation and work engagement / Thesis (M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

The work of industrial/organisational (I/O) psychologists presents an interesting context for studying meaning and engagement (as eudaimonic components of happiness). (I/O) psychologists spend more than 88% of their working day with people, and they are primary role models for happiness and change in the workplace. Information about the manifestation of their meaning and work engagement is therefore needed. The aim of this study was to determine how (I/O) psychologists experience the meaning of their work and to investigate the relationships between their experiences of work-role fit, meaning of work, psychological meaningfulness, and work engagement. The research method consisted out of a literature review and empirical study. A survey design with a convenience sample (n = 106) was taken from a sample of registered (I/O) psychologists. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-role Fit Scale (WRFS), Work-life Questionnaire (WLQ), Psychological Meaningfulness Scale (PMS), Work Engagement Scale (WES) and a self-developed survey measuring the actual and desired time spent on six broad categories of work were administered. The statistical analysis was carried out by means of SPSS (2009). Exploratory factor analyses showed one factor models for work-role fit, psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. A two factor model for the meaning of work (a job/calling and career orientation) was found. Cronbach alpha coefficients ranging from 0,80 to 0,93 were obtained. The results showed that a discrepancy exists between the actual time and desired time spent on the six broad categories of work (see Benjamin & Louw-Potgieter, 2008). Furthermore, the results showed that half the 1/0 psychologists view their work as callings. Whereas only 16% view their work as a career and 6,6% as a job. Regression analyses indicated that work-role fit predicts psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. The job/calling orientation predicted both psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. Work-role fit predicted the job/calling orientation. Psychological meaningfulness did not mediate the relationship between work-role fit and work engagement. Work-role fit mediated the relationship between the meaning of work and psychological meaningfulness. Work-role fit partially mediated the relationship between a calling orientation and work engagement / Thesis (M.Comm. (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

Orientador: Pedro Fernando Bendassoli / Banca: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Paulo Cesar Seron / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar o significado do trabalho docente comparando as percepções dos professores de duas escolas públicas, a Escola do I Ciclo nº 152 localizada em Angola, no município dos Gambos e o Colégio Brasileiro, Ernani Rodrigues, localizado em Assis/SP. Para análise dos dados seguiu-se o procedimento proposto por Bardin (1999), que se organiza em três fases: préanálise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados (inferência e interpretação), em função dos objetivos propostos inicialmente obtiveram-se alguns dos seguintes resultados relativamente às categorias definidoras do significado do trabalho para os professores: o propósito social é construído mais sobre a base ocupacional e menos sobre a cultural e por isso, não difere entre os professores angolanos e brasileiros, que sofrem muito mais com a indisciplina e desrespeito dos alunos devido à diminuição da sua autoridade como conseqüência da introdução do estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; apesar das oportunidades de aprendizagem fazerem parte da realidade dos professores dos dois países, elas cumprem funções diferentes, afetadas pelos respectivos contextos sociais recentes; a autonomia do professor angolano é minada por um arranjo cultural que mistura comunitarismo e assistencialismo; a centralidade do trabalho para os professores é mais determinada pelo valor e qualidade do tempo gasto com o trabalho, do que pelo seu volume e finalmente, a diminuição da autoridade docente está relacionada com um intervencionismo maior do estado nas questões da escola. No decurso da análise que se pretendeu fazer sobre os principais resultados conseguidos com o estudo, foram produzidas as seguintes conclusões: para que o trabalho docente tenha sentido, ele precisa de: permitir que o professor ofereça a sua contribuição social; ser um trabalho no qual ele possa seguir... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With this work, we want to study the meaning of work for teachers, comparing their perception in two public schools of two different countries (I Cycle, School nº 152 from Angola located in Gambos and College Ernani Rodrigues, from Brazil located in Assis/SP). To analyze the data we use Bardin's (1999) procedure that has been organized in three fases: pre-analyses, material exploration and data treatment (inference and interpretation). Fowling the goals proposed we get some of this results to the categories that define the meaning of work more on the occupational base and less on cultural, because of this, it's not different in both countries, but Brazilians suffer more with student's indiscipline and disrespect, caused by a decrease of authority after the children and teenager status; even if the opportunities of learning are part of Angolan and teacher's work, they have different functions for them, affected by a especial cultural arrangement that mixed comunitarism and assitencialism in Angola. The centrality of work is determinate by the value and quality of the working time, more than its volume, finally, the decrease of the teacher's authority in Brazil; it's related with a government more interventional in school issue. During the analyses of the main results of the study, we produce the fowling conclusions: teachers work can be meaningful if let them make a contribution, be a work were he can teach an practice moral qualities with students, if offers him different opportunities of tasks, if he can work freely, have contact with partners, students, parent's students and it happen in a good environment, honest and cooperative; don't use the space of family, friends and pleasure, were he is recognized by his contribution for long time, let's him work with pleasure and uses his experience / Mestre

O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos que os profissionais que atuam nas agências de publicidade de Porto Alegre atribuem ao seu trabalho. Devido ao ramo ter como praxe a utilização de algumas formas diferenciadas de vínculo de trabalho, além do tradicional (CLT), pretendeu-se verificar se esse aspecto se reflete nos sentidos que os publicitários atribuem ao seu trabalho. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram os trabalhadores das áreas de Atendimento, Criação, Mídia, Estúdio, Planejamento e Produções (gráfica e eletrônica), consideradas como áreas-fim das agências de publicidade. Utilizaramse, como base teórica do tema principal desta pesquisa, os estudos do grupo MOW – Meaning of Work (1987) e Morin (2001), além de autores brasileiros. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, organizada em duas etapas, sendo a primeira de natureza exploratória e a segunda, uma survey com questionários. A primeira etapa contou com a participação de cinco profissionais do ramo, investigados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, analisadas de forma qualitativa (técnica de análise de conteúdo). Utilizaram-se nesta etapa, também, dados documentais e bibliográficos a respeito do ramo em estudo. A segunda etapa contou com a participação de 161 sujeitos, todos profissionais de onze diferentes agências de publicidade da cidade de Porto Alegre. A aplicação do questionário seguiu um instrumento elaborado por Morin (2001) e adaptado por este pesquisador. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada (análise fatorial), utilizando-se o software estatístico SPSS 14.0. Os resultados apontam que os publicitários são geralmente jovens, com um bom nível de educação formal e de classe média. Os vínculos trabalhistas diferenciados são praticados no setor, principalmente os de estágio e prestador de serviço. Para os publicitários, os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho relacionam-se com a possibilidade de aplicação da criatividade e inovação no trabalho, o prazer que este proporciona, o reconhecimento das suas competências, o pagamento de um salário adequado e a possibilidade do aprender e aperfeiçoar-se. Os resultados apontam, ainda, que existem algumas diferenças para os profissionais com diferentes vínculos quanto aos sentidos do trabalho, mas somente na relação entre estagiários e os que têm vínculo tradicional (CLT). O apoio da liderança, a oportunidade de aprendizado e o convívio com profissionais destacados no ramo contribuem para atribuir sentido ao trabalho do estagiário, em relação aos profissionais com vínculo CLT. / This study aims at understanding what gives sense to work to professionals working in advertising agencies in Porto Alegre. Since this area often uses some different forms of work agreements, besides the traditional one (CLT), we have attempted to investigate whether this aspect reflects on the meaning that advertisers attribute to their work. The participants of this research were workers in the areas of front office, creation, media, studio, planning, and productions (both graphic and electronic), considered as areas related to the advertising business. As a theoretical ground for the main theme of this research, we have used the MOW group – Meaning of Work (1987) and Morin (2001), as well as Brazilian authors. The research has involved both a qualitative and quantitative approach, organized in two phases: the first one having an exploratory nature and the second one was a questionnaire survey. Five professionals participated in the first phase, which involved a semi-structured interview that was qualitatively analyzed (content analysis). In this phase, both documental and bibliographical data on this field were used. The second phase had the participation of 161 subjects, all of them working in 11 advertising agencies in Porto Alegre. The questionnaire was applied following an instrument designed by Morin (2001), which was adapted by the author of this study. Quantitative data were analyzed through techniques of descriptive and multi-varied statistics (factorial analysis), using the statistical software SPSS 14.0. Results point out that advertising workers are usually young, with a good education level and belonging to the medium class. Differentiated work agreements are practiced in this area, mainly those related to training and outsourcing. To advertisers, the meanings attributed to work are related to the possibility of applying creativity and innovation to work, the pleasure provided by their work, the acknowledgement of their competences, suitable earnings, and the possibility of learning and improvement. Results also point some differences as to the meaning attributed to work by professionals with different work agreements, but only among trainees and those who keep traditional work agreements (CLT). The support provided by the leaders, the opportunity of learning and living with renowned professionals mostly contribute towards attributing meaning to work among trainees as compared to professionals with traditional work agreements.

Paul Singer entende que existam, basicamente, duas lógicas de condução das atividades econômicas: a capitalista cujas características são a competição, individualismo, exploração do trabalho e a desigualdade gerada pelo jogo da livre concorrência, sendo a reprodução de tal lógica assegurada pelo modelo de propriedade privada e heterogestão; e a lógica de Economia Solidária cujas características são a cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade, sendo a reprodução dessa lógica possível através do modelo de autogestão e propriedade coletiva. Assim, Singer entende que o sentido do trabalho autogerido está determinado por um conjunto de princípios (cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade) objetivados no modelo de autogestão. Critica-se essa perspectiva por desconsiderar o papel criativo e reflexivo dos indivíduos na construção do sentido do seu trabalho e, também, por afirmar que o modelo de autogestão só poderia ser “verdadeiramente” conduzido através de princípios de Economia Solidária. Em contraposição, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o sentido do trabalho autogerido como uma construção reflexiva do sujeito, a partir de princípios e conhecimentos de natureza diversa, que se sedimentaram no seu estoque subjetivo de conhecimento ao longo de sua biografia de socialização. Com base na fundamentação empírica de 28 entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com trabalhadores de cinco cooperativas, identificaram-se quatro tipos de sentido do trabalho autogerido: 1) político – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade de participação em um processo de mudança da realidade social; 2) coletivista – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade da promoção do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos membros do coletivo de trabalho; 3) capitalista – o trabalho autogerido só tem sentido se servir de meio para inserção competitiva no mercado visando ao lucro como um fim em si mesmo; 4) sobrevivência individual – o trabalho autogerido representa uma saída, na falta de uma melhor, para manutenção da sobrevivência material e financeira. As diferenças entre os sentidos do trabalho autogerido são explicados a luz das diferenças em seis dimensões (família, trabalho, política, sindicato, educação e religião) nas biografias de socialização dos trabalhadores. / In Paul Singer’s understanding, there are essentially two logics guiding economic activities: the capitalist one, characterized by competition, individualism, labor exploitation and inequalities generated by the game of free competition – the reproduction of such logics being ensured by private property and the “hetero-management” model; and the logics of Solidary Economy whose characteristics are cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality – the reproduction of this logic being possible by means of collective property and the selfmanagement model. Thus, Singer understands that the meaning of the self-managed labor is determined by a set of principles (cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality) objectified in the self-management model. We criticize this perspective for disregarding the creative and reflective role of individuals in building up their labor’s meaning and, also, for claiming that the self-management model might only be “truly” conducted within the principles of Solidary Economy. Contradicting such perspective, this study sought to comprehend the meaning of selfmanaged work while a reflective construction by the individual subject, based on both principles and knowledge of diverse character, which were consolidated within the subjective stock of knowledge along his/her biography of socialization. Based on the empirical foundation comprised by 28 structured interviews applied to workers of five cooperative enterprises, we identified four categories of meaning related to the self-managed work: 1) politic – the meaning of self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of participating in a process for changing the social reality; 2) collectivist – the meaning of the self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of promoting the welfare and the quality of life of members of the labor group; 3) capitalist - the self-managed work only makes sense if it serves as a means for competitive entry in the market aiming at profit as an end itself; 4) individual survival – the selfmanaged work represents a resort, in the absence of a better one, for the maintenance of material and financial survival. The differences between meanings of self-managed labor are explained in the light of six dimensions of distinctions (family, work, politics, labor union, education and religion) in the worker’s biography of socialization.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos que os profissionais que atuam nas agências de publicidade de Porto Alegre atribuem ao seu trabalho. Devido ao ramo ter como praxe a utilização de algumas formas diferenciadas de vínculo de trabalho, além do tradicional (CLT), pretendeu-se verificar se esse aspecto se reflete nos sentidos que os publicitários atribuem ao seu trabalho. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram os trabalhadores das áreas de Atendimento, Criação, Mídia, Estúdio, Planejamento e Produções (gráfica e eletrônica), consideradas como áreas-fim das agências de publicidade. Utilizaramse, como base teórica do tema principal desta pesquisa, os estudos do grupo MOW – Meaning of Work (1987) e Morin (2001), além de autores brasileiros. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, organizada em duas etapas, sendo a primeira de natureza exploratória e a segunda, uma survey com questionários. A primeira etapa contou com a participação de cinco profissionais do ramo, investigados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, analisadas de forma qualitativa (técnica de análise de conteúdo). Utilizaram-se nesta etapa, também, dados documentais e bibliográficos a respeito do ramo em estudo. A segunda etapa contou com a participação de 161 sujeitos, todos profissionais de onze diferentes agências de publicidade da cidade de Porto Alegre. A aplicação do questionário seguiu um instrumento elaborado por Morin (2001) e adaptado por este pesquisador. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada (análise fatorial), utilizando-se o software estatístico SPSS 14.0. Os resultados apontam que os publicitários são geralmente jovens, com um bom nível de educação formal e de classe média. Os vínculos trabalhistas diferenciados são praticados no setor, principalmente os de estágio e prestador de serviço. Para os publicitários, os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho relacionam-se com a possibilidade de aplicação da criatividade e inovação no trabalho, o prazer que este proporciona, o reconhecimento das suas competências, o pagamento de um salário adequado e a possibilidade do aprender e aperfeiçoar-se. Os resultados apontam, ainda, que existem algumas diferenças para os profissionais com diferentes vínculos quanto aos sentidos do trabalho, mas somente na relação entre estagiários e os que têm vínculo tradicional (CLT). O apoio da liderança, a oportunidade de aprendizado e o convívio com profissionais destacados no ramo contribuem para atribuir sentido ao trabalho do estagiário, em relação aos profissionais com vínculo CLT. / This study aims at understanding what gives sense to work to professionals working in advertising agencies in Porto Alegre. Since this area often uses some different forms of work agreements, besides the traditional one (CLT), we have attempted to investigate whether this aspect reflects on the meaning that advertisers attribute to their work. The participants of this research were workers in the areas of front office, creation, media, studio, planning, and productions (both graphic and electronic), considered as areas related to the advertising business. As a theoretical ground for the main theme of this research, we have used the MOW group – Meaning of Work (1987) and Morin (2001), as well as Brazilian authors. The research has involved both a qualitative and quantitative approach, organized in two phases: the first one having an exploratory nature and the second one was a questionnaire survey. Five professionals participated in the first phase, which involved a semi-structured interview that was qualitatively analyzed (content analysis). In this phase, both documental and bibliographical data on this field were used. The second phase had the participation of 161 subjects, all of them working in 11 advertising agencies in Porto Alegre. The questionnaire was applied following an instrument designed by Morin (2001), which was adapted by the author of this study. Quantitative data were analyzed through techniques of descriptive and multi-varied statistics (factorial analysis), using the statistical software SPSS 14.0. Results point out that advertising workers are usually young, with a good education level and belonging to the medium class. Differentiated work agreements are practiced in this area, mainly those related to training and outsourcing. To advertisers, the meanings attributed to work are related to the possibility of applying creativity and innovation to work, the pleasure provided by their work, the acknowledgement of their competences, suitable earnings, and the possibility of learning and improvement. Results also point some differences as to the meaning attributed to work by professionals with different work agreements, but only among trainees and those who keep traditional work agreements (CLT). The support provided by the leaders, the opportunity of learning and living with renowned professionals mostly contribute towards attributing meaning to work among trainees as compared to professionals with traditional work agreements.

Paul Singer entende que existam, basicamente, duas lógicas de condução das atividades econômicas: a capitalista cujas características são a competição, individualismo, exploração do trabalho e a desigualdade gerada pelo jogo da livre concorrência, sendo a reprodução de tal lógica assegurada pelo modelo de propriedade privada e heterogestão; e a lógica de Economia Solidária cujas características são a cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade, sendo a reprodução dessa lógica possível através do modelo de autogestão e propriedade coletiva. Assim, Singer entende que o sentido do trabalho autogerido está determinado por um conjunto de princípios (cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade) objetivados no modelo de autogestão. Critica-se essa perspectiva por desconsiderar o papel criativo e reflexivo dos indivíduos na construção do sentido do seu trabalho e, também, por afirmar que o modelo de autogestão só poderia ser “verdadeiramente” conduzido através de princípios de Economia Solidária. Em contraposição, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o sentido do trabalho autogerido como uma construção reflexiva do sujeito, a partir de princípios e conhecimentos de natureza diversa, que se sedimentaram no seu estoque subjetivo de conhecimento ao longo de sua biografia de socialização. Com base na fundamentação empírica de 28 entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com trabalhadores de cinco cooperativas, identificaram-se quatro tipos de sentido do trabalho autogerido: 1) político – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade de participação em um processo de mudança da realidade social; 2) coletivista – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade da promoção do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos membros do coletivo de trabalho; 3) capitalista – o trabalho autogerido só tem sentido se servir de meio para inserção competitiva no mercado visando ao lucro como um fim em si mesmo; 4) sobrevivência individual – o trabalho autogerido representa uma saída, na falta de uma melhor, para manutenção da sobrevivência material e financeira. As diferenças entre os sentidos do trabalho autogerido são explicados a luz das diferenças em seis dimensões (família, trabalho, política, sindicato, educação e religião) nas biografias de socialização dos trabalhadores. / In Paul Singer’s understanding, there are essentially two logics guiding economic activities: the capitalist one, characterized by competition, individualism, labor exploitation and inequalities generated by the game of free competition – the reproduction of such logics being ensured by private property and the “hetero-management” model; and the logics of Solidary Economy whose characteristics are cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality – the reproduction of this logic being possible by means of collective property and the selfmanagement model. Thus, Singer understands that the meaning of the self-managed labor is determined by a set of principles (cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality) objectified in the self-management model. We criticize this perspective for disregarding the creative and reflective role of individuals in building up their labor’s meaning and, also, for claiming that the self-management model might only be “truly” conducted within the principles of Solidary Economy. Contradicting such perspective, this study sought to comprehend the meaning of selfmanaged work while a reflective construction by the individual subject, based on both principles and knowledge of diverse character, which were consolidated within the subjective stock of knowledge along his/her biography of socialization. Based on the empirical foundation comprised by 28 structured interviews applied to workers of five cooperative enterprises, we identified four categories of meaning related to the self-managed work: 1) politic – the meaning of self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of participating in a process for changing the social reality; 2) collectivist – the meaning of the self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of promoting the welfare and the quality of life of members of the labor group; 3) capitalist - the self-managed work only makes sense if it serves as a means for competitive entry in the market aiming at profit as an end itself; 4) individual survival – the selfmanaged work represents a resort, in the absence of a better one, for the maintenance of material and financial survival. The differences between meanings of self-managed labor are explained in the light of six dimensions of distinctions (family, work, politics, labor union, education and religion) in the worker’s biography of socialization.

Paul Singer entende que existam, basicamente, duas lógicas de condução das atividades econômicas: a capitalista cujas características são a competição, individualismo, exploração do trabalho e a desigualdade gerada pelo jogo da livre concorrência, sendo a reprodução de tal lógica assegurada pelo modelo de propriedade privada e heterogestão; e a lógica de Economia Solidária cujas características são a cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade, sendo a reprodução dessa lógica possível através do modelo de autogestão e propriedade coletiva. Assim, Singer entende que o sentido do trabalho autogerido está determinado por um conjunto de princípios (cooperação, solidariedade, participação e igualdade) objetivados no modelo de autogestão. Critica-se essa perspectiva por desconsiderar o papel criativo e reflexivo dos indivíduos na construção do sentido do seu trabalho e, também, por afirmar que o modelo de autogestão só poderia ser “verdadeiramente” conduzido através de princípios de Economia Solidária. Em contraposição, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o sentido do trabalho autogerido como uma construção reflexiva do sujeito, a partir de princípios e conhecimentos de natureza diversa, que se sedimentaram no seu estoque subjetivo de conhecimento ao longo de sua biografia de socialização. Com base na fundamentação empírica de 28 entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com trabalhadores de cinco cooperativas, identificaram-se quatro tipos de sentido do trabalho autogerido: 1) político – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade de participação em um processo de mudança da realidade social; 2) coletivista – o sentido do trabalho autogerido é que ele representa a possibilidade da promoção do bem-estar e da qualidade de vida dos membros do coletivo de trabalho; 3) capitalista – o trabalho autogerido só tem sentido se servir de meio para inserção competitiva no mercado visando ao lucro como um fim em si mesmo; 4) sobrevivência individual – o trabalho autogerido representa uma saída, na falta de uma melhor, para manutenção da sobrevivência material e financeira. As diferenças entre os sentidos do trabalho autogerido são explicados a luz das diferenças em seis dimensões (família, trabalho, política, sindicato, educação e religião) nas biografias de socialização dos trabalhadores. / In Paul Singer’s understanding, there are essentially two logics guiding economic activities: the capitalist one, characterized by competition, individualism, labor exploitation and inequalities generated by the game of free competition – the reproduction of such logics being ensured by private property and the “hetero-management” model; and the logics of Solidary Economy whose characteristics are cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality – the reproduction of this logic being possible by means of collective property and the selfmanagement model. Thus, Singer understands that the meaning of the self-managed labor is determined by a set of principles (cooperation, solidarity, participation and equality) objectified in the self-management model. We criticize this perspective for disregarding the creative and reflective role of individuals in building up their labor’s meaning and, also, for claiming that the self-management model might only be “truly” conducted within the principles of Solidary Economy. Contradicting such perspective, this study sought to comprehend the meaning of selfmanaged work while a reflective construction by the individual subject, based on both principles and knowledge of diverse character, which were consolidated within the subjective stock of knowledge along his/her biography of socialization. Based on the empirical foundation comprised by 28 structured interviews applied to workers of five cooperative enterprises, we identified four categories of meaning related to the self-managed work: 1) politic – the meaning of self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of participating in a process for changing the social reality; 2) collectivist – the meaning of the self-managed work is that it represents the possibility of promoting the welfare and the quality of life of members of the labor group; 3) capitalist - the self-managed work only makes sense if it serves as a means for competitive entry in the market aiming at profit as an end itself; 4) individual survival – the selfmanaged work represents a resort, in the absence of a better one, for the maintenance of material and financial survival. The differences between meanings of self-managed labor are explained in the light of six dimensions of distinctions (family, work, politics, labor union, education and religion) in the worker’s biography of socialization.