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Alcohol misuse has been an increasingly bigger problem and is considered a societal problem. Theoverarching purpose of this study is to illustrate the vulnerability of different groups such aschildren, adolescents and adults, in regards to being a relative to individuals suffering fromalcohol misuse. To achieve this, the study focused on collecting data through systematicallyprocessing and analyzing 15 peer reviewed articles that were run in different countries. Theempirical results of the study show that relatives to an individual with alcohol misuse mainly areaffected by three arching themes, 1) codependency, 2) stigma and 3) internalizing andexternalizing problems. Different categories of the intersectional perspective like gender, age,class can create a twofold vulnerability for the already vulnerable relatives. This essentially leadsto the relative not having the ability to provide support to the individual with the alcohol misuseand simultaneously maintain their own well being. Children, adolescents and adults are vulnerablein different ways, for different reasons.

No / This paper examines the effects of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand in 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries from 1970 to 2019. The renewable energy demand function includes carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic globalisation, natural resources rents, and per capita income as control variables. It is found that geopolitical risks reduce the demand for renewable energy and threaten climate change mitigation policies. Degrading the environment in terms of rising CO2 emissions is detrimental to the renewable energy demand. Natural resource rents also decrease renewable energy consumption. However, higher per capita income and economic globalisation significantly increase renewable energy consumption. These findings bear crucial policy implications for the Russia-Ukraine War era, suggesting that geopolitical risks discourage renewable energy demand. Therefore, policymakers in the OECD countries should focus on geopolitical harmony among economic agents, groups, and regions.

ABCG2 est un transporteur de la famille ABC impliqué dans le phénotype de résistance aux drogues développé par certaines cellules, par exemple les cellules cancéreuses. Ce transporteur a aussi un rôle physiologique de détoxication de composés endogènes, notamment les porphyrines, molécules indispensables mais qui présentent une toxicité potentielle. Cette toxicité nécessite une prise en charge particulière, évitant à ces composés d’être libres en solution. Dans ce contexte, nous avons fait l’hypothèse qu’ABCG2 pourrait participer à cette détoxication en limitant l’accumulation des porphyrines dans les cellules en les présentant à un partenaire extracellulaire. Nous montrons qu’ABCG2 transporte de l’hème ainsi que certains de ses dérivés et précurseurs et que ces porphyrines, contrairement aux autres substrats d’ABCG2, se fixent sur un domaine extracellulaire spécifique d’ABCG2, ECL3, composé d’environ 70 acides aminés. L’affinité d’ECL3 pour les porphyrines est de 0,5 à 3,5 μM, suffisamment affine pour permettre leur fixation après transport.Nous montrons aussi que l’albumine sérique humaine, impliquée dans la détoxication de l’hème, récupère les porphyrines fixées sur ECL3 par une interaction directe avec ABCG2. L’ensemble de ce travail a donc permis d’une part de mieux comprendre le rôle d’ABCG2 dans la régulation de l’homéostasie des porphyrines, notamment l’hème, et d’autre part, de façon originale, d’identifier le mécanisme moléculaire par lequel cette détoxication s’effectue. / ABCG2 belongs to the ABC-transporter family, involved in drug resistance developed by cells, notably cancer cells. This transporter has also a physiological role of endobiotic detoxification, in particular porphyrins that are essential but potentially toxic molecules. This toxicity implies a specific handle, to avoid them to remain free in solution. In that context, we hypothesized that ABCG2 participate to this detoxification, limiting the intracellular porphyrin accumulation by presenting them to an extracellular partner. We show that ABCG2 transports heme and some of its derivatives and precursors. Interestingly, these porphyrins, unlike other ABCG2 (non-porphyric) substrates, can bind to an extracellular domain, specific of ABCG2, ECL3, 70 residues-long. ECL3 displays affinities for porphyrins in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 μM, high enough to allow their binding after transport. We also show that human serum albumin, implicated in heme detoxification, releases porphyrins bound to ECL3 by a direct interaction with ABCG2. This work established a better comprehension of ABCG2 role in porphyrin and in particular heme homeostasis regulation. In addition, our results contribute to elucidate part of the molecular mechanism by which such regulation is carried out.

La paralysie cérébrale, cause la plus fréquente des déficiences motrices de l’enfant, affecte entre 2,08 et 3,60 enfants/1000 naissances en Europe et aux Etats Unis. La lésion initiale du cerveau immature sur un squelette en croissance est responsable, selon la CIF, d’altération des structures anatomiques et fonctionnelles avec une limitation des activités et de la participation. La toxine botulinique est aujourd’hui le traitement de référence de la spasticité focale chez l’enfant PC car elle est sélective, réversible, sûre et dose dépendante. Toutefois s’il est clair que les injections de TB diminuent les troubles du tonus, la question des indications et des bénéfices fonctionnels mérite encore d’être investiguée. La mise en œuvre de ce traitement se heurte à la difficulté de l’évaluation pour déterminer les indications et les bénéfices, du fait des présentations cliniques très hétérogènes et du contexte de maturation neurologique et de croissance osseuse, et à la dynamique environnementale particulière entre l’enfant et ses parents. Avec pour objectif d’aborder l’évaluation du traitement par TB de manière multidimensionnelle, nous apportons dans ce travail diverses études permettant d’appréhender une approche globale. Cela prend en compte la déficience du MS, du MI, du complexe spino-pelvien, des capacités et de la performance fonctionnelle, et du comportement. Ceci permet d’appréhender in fine la participation et de proposer par des outils standardisés une analyse personnalisée , des conséquences à moyen et long terme des traitements chez un sujet en croissance et en développement. / Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of motor impairment in children, affecting 2.08 to 3.60 children/1000 births in Europe and the United States. Initial injury on an immature brain and a growing skeleton is responsible of altering body functions and structures with a limitation of activities and an impact on participation, according to the ICF. Botulinum toxin has become the standard treatment for focal spasticity in children with CP, as it is selective, reversible, safe and dose dependent. However, while it is clear that BT injections decrease tone disorders, the question of indications and benefits in terms of functional improvement still needs to be investigated. Indeed, the implementation of this treatment meets different issues, including the difficulty of the evaluation to determine the indications and benefits, because of very heterogeneous clinical presentations and the context of neurological maturation and bone growth, but also the difficulty to take into account the particular environmental dynamics between the child and his parents.In order to approach the evaluation of BT treatment in a multidimensional way, we bring with this thesis several studies contributing to a global approach to understand the different aspects of disability in UL, LL or spine, but also to understand the field of activity for the UL in terms of capacities and functional performance, and finally on the level of behavior to better understand ultimately participation. In this context, the main aim of this work is to propose a personalized analysis, using standardized tools, of the medium- and long-term consequences of treatment for a subject in growth and development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Derly Jardim do Amaral.pdf: 1303669 bytes, checksum: bdbed4159c19b330d3238392f94f5448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The study of organizational behavior has called the attention of the researchers interested in understanding the phenomenon of the leadership exerted in the organizations. The range of possibilities of these studies permeates several levels of analysis. The intention of this work was to identify and to analyze the factors that stimulate the relationships' construction in a dyadic level. The Leader-Member Exchange Theory - LMX, was adopted as the basic reference, not yet explored in Brazil. In LMX´s theory, high quality relationship is based on loyalty, affection, contribution and professional respect, this fourth dimension, recently discovered. The instrument chosen for this study was the one elaborated from Liden and Maslyn (1998) added with some assertive created on assumptions from the Theory of the Social Identity and the Theory of the self-categorization, both interpreted in literature as the bases of the construction of the dyadic relationship. The instrument was applied on a sample of 255 individuals. The result analysis permits to affirm that the four dimensions of LMX, except contribution, presented a correlation, among them and with the other variables of the study. The factor grouping obtained indicated that the Professional Respect dimension agglutinates the dimensions of the social identity and the auto-categorization giving evidence that the respondents perceive themselves as pertaining to the leader s closest circle. It was also verified that the perception of the quality of the relationship and the gender of the respondents were useful to discriminate the priorities given to the construction of this relationship. On the other hand, the same was not observed when it came to the type of company s respondent or to the elapsed time of dyadic relationship. Another outcome of the study was an acceptable structural model for formative and reflective variables. As a conclusion, high quality dyadic relationships can influence the results of personal performance, hence deserving, attention and investment from organizations. / O estudo do comportamento organizacional tem chamado à atenção dos pesquisadores interessados em compreender o fenômeno da liderança exercida nas organizações. A gama de possibilidades que estes estudos apresentam se dá em vários níveis de análise. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de identificar e analisar os fatores que estimulam a construção de relacionamentos no nível diádico. Adotou como referência fundamental a Teoria da Troca entre Líder e Liderado LMX, conhecida, em inglês, como Leader-Member Exchange Theory LMX e ainda não explorada no Brasil. Para a LMX, o relacionamento de alta qualidade é formado a partir da lealdade, do afeto, da contribuição e do respeito profissional, sendo essa uma quarta dimensão recentemente descoberta. Optou-se por utilizar o instrumento elaborado por Liden e Maslyn (1998). Foram adicionadas a esse instrumento assertivas concebidas a partir dos pressupostos da Teoria da Identidade Social e da Teoria da Autocategorização, ambas entendidas na literatura como bases que sustentam a construção do relacionamento diádico. A aplicação do instrumento envolveu uma amostra composta por 255 sujeitos. A análise dos resultados permite afirmar que as dimensões da LMX, exceto a Contribuição, se apresentaram correlacionadas entre si e com as outras variáveis envolvidas no estudo. O agrupamento fatorial obtido indicou que a dimensão Respeito Profissional aglutinou as dimensões da identidade social e da autocategorização, evidenciando que os respondentes se percebem identificados e pertencentes ao círculo mais próximo do líder. Verificou-se que a percepção da qualidade do relacionamento e o gênero dos respondentes foram capazes de discriminar as prioridades dadas à construção desse relacionamento. O mesmo não foi observado no tocante ao tipo de empresa a que o respondente pertence e ao tempo que possuem de relacionamento diádico. Obteve-se, ainda, um modelo estrutural considerado adequado, composto por variáveis formativas e reflexivas. Conclui-se que relacionamentos diádicos de alta qualidade podem influenciar os resultados do desempenho individual, merecendo, por conta disso, atenção e investimento das organizações.

The thesis deals with marketing communications of mobile operators on the Czech market. Marketing communications is analyzed using the research methods of competitive intelligence and mystery shopping. Sub-goal of this paper is a performance of a particular competitive intellingence tool for continuous monitoring of marketing communications. The main aim of this work is the processing of competitive analysis in the different areas of the communication mix. The media spending on ATL communications are evaluated in advertising. In direct marketing there are analyzed and evaluated member gets member activities of Czech mobile operators. The goal in the area of sales promotion is to compare the loyalty communications of the operators and in the branch of public relations CSR activities with an emphasis on the endowment policy are evaluated. Personal selling of mobile operators is evaluated using the method of mystery shopping.