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<p style="text-align: justify; ">Glavni cilj ovog rada je bio da se razviju i optimizuju objektivni i merljivi&nbsp;indikatori biolo&scaron;kih rizika po bezbednost mesa trupova, kao i da se &ndash; na osnovu&nbsp;kvalitativne ocene rizika - objektivno sagledaju i uporede performanse glavnih strategija&nbsp;za upravljanje tim rizicima na klanicama za goveda i svinje.<br />Ispitan je potencijal haptoglobina goveda i svinja, podeljenih u grupe na osnovu&nbsp;njihove pred-istorije ili nalaza tokom inspekcije mesa, kao indikatora za njihovu rizičnu&nbsp;kategorizaciju pre klanja u pogledu prisustva patolo&scaron;kih lezija. Svaka životinja je bila&nbsp;podvrgnuta aktuelnoj zvaničnoj inspekciji mesa i određen je nivo haptoglobina u krvnom&nbsp;serumu. I u svinja i u goveda, srednje vrednosti koncentracije haptoglobina su bile&nbsp;značajno vi&scaron;e u grupama kod kojih su detektovane abnormalnosti u odnosu na grupe ovih&nbsp;životinja bez nađenih promena, ali takva korelacija nije utvrđena na nivou individualne<br />životinje. Studija je ukazala da određivanje srednjeg nivoa haptoglobina u grupa životinja&nbsp;namenjenih klanju može da služi kao dodatni, objektivni indikator op&scaron;te prihvatljivosti&nbsp;zdravstvenog statusa i/ili farme porekla životinja, u okviru analize informacija iz lanca&nbsp;hrane kao dela premortalne inspekcije. Ovo je važno zbog dono&scaron;enja odluke o&nbsp;sprovođenju pojednostavljene ili detaljnije postmortalne inspekcije određenih životinja ili&nbsp;grupa životinja na klanicama.&nbsp;U pogledu indikatora rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije obrađenih goveđih&nbsp;trupova, ispitana je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja numeričke ocene vizuelne čistoće goveda pre&nbsp;klanja. Vizuelno je ocenjena čistoća kože goveda (na skali od 1 do 4), a zatim su na&nbsp;obrađenim trupovima određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo Escherichia coli&nbsp;O157. Utvrđena je globalna korelacija između vizuelne čistoće kože i nivoa generičke&nbsp;mikrobiote na obrađenim trupovima, ali su se ti nivoi značajno razlikovali samo između&nbsp;trupova vrlo prljavih goveda (kategorija 4) i svih drugih manje prljavih ili čistih&nbsp;(kategorije 1, 2 i 3). U pogledu vizuelne čistoće goveda i prisustva Escherichia coli O157&nbsp;na obrađenim trupovima, jasna korelacija nije utvrđena. Potvrđena je opravdanost&nbsp;kori&scaron;ćenja sistema vizuelne ocene čistoće goveda i korisnost ove ocene kao jednog od&nbsp;indikatora nivoa rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije obrađenih trupova u pogledu&nbsp;generičke mikrobiote.&nbsp;Takođe, ispitana je mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja kvantitativnog odnosa između nivoa&nbsp;ulazne (na koži) i finalne (na obrađenim trupovima) mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije kao&nbsp;potencijalnog indikatora za rizičnu kategorizaciju goveđih i svinjskih klanica u pogledu&nbsp;njihovih performansi u redukciji rizika od mikrobiolo&scaron;ke kontaminacije mesa. Na&nbsp;kožama i trupovima goveda i svinja su određeni nivoi generičke mikrobiote i prisustvo&nbsp;najznačajnijih patogena u lancu goveđeg (Escherichia coli O157) i svinjskog mesa&nbsp;(Salmonella). Rezultati su pokazali da je odnos statusa kože i obrađenog trupa u pogledu&nbsp;nivoa generičke mikrobiote precizniji i pouzdaniji u diferencijaciji performansi procesne&nbsp;higijene klanica, u poređenju sa zvaničnim aktuelnim kriterijumima procesne higijene&nbsp;navedenim u legislativi Evropske Unije. S druge strane, rezultati su ukazali da kori&scaron;ćenje&nbsp;prevalencije patogena kao parametra u karakterizaciji procesne higijene klanica nije&nbsp;korisno.&nbsp;Pored toga, upoređeni su potencijalni doprinosi glavnih dana&scaron;njih strategija u&nbsp;upravljanju biolo&scaron;kim rizicima za bezbednost mesa na klanicama za goveda i svinje -&nbsp;aktuelne inspekcije mesa i procesne higijene klanice - ukupnom osiguranju biolo&scaron;ke&nbsp;bezbednosti mesa. Kvalitativno su ocenjeni rizici po zdravlje ljudi od alimentarnih&nbsp;hazarda povezanih sa goveđim ili svinjskim mesom, koje je moguće kontrolisati jednom&nbsp;od ove dve strategije na klanicama. Poređenjem nivoa ocenjenih rizika, utvrđeno je da&nbsp;adekvatna procesna higijena danas značajno vi&scaron;e doprinosi ukupnoj biolo&scaron;koj&nbsp;bezbednosti mesa trupova goveda i svinja u odnosu na aktuelnu inspekciju mesa. Ipak, u&nbsp;globalnom sistemu bezbednosti mesa, obe navedene strategije moraju da imaju specifičnu&nbsp;ulogu, shodno oceni rizika od hazarda koje kontroli&scaron;u.&nbsp;Svekupno, ova studija je pružila naučnu osnovu za dalje unapređenje savremenog,&nbsp;longitudinalnog i integrisanog sistema biolo&scaron;ke bezbednosti goveđeg i svinjskog mesa,&nbsp;kao i za kori&scaron;ćenje nekih novih indikatora biolo&scaron;kih rizika u tom sistemu. Istovremeno,&nbsp;ukazala je i na potrebu i smer za dalja/dublja istraživanja za optimizaciju i&nbsp;implementacije tog modernog sistema i predloženih indikatora rizika u praksi.</p> / <p> The main aim of this work was to develop and optimize objective and measurable<br /> indicators of biological risks for the safety of carcass meat, and to - based on qualitative<br /> risk assessment - identify and objectively compare performances of the main risk<br /> management strategies in cattle and pig abattoirs.<br /> The potential of haptoglobin as an indicator of animal pre-slaughter risk<br /> classification regarding the presence of pathological lesions was investigated in cattle and<br /> pigs which were divided into groups, based on their pre-history or meat inspection<br /> findings. Each animal was subjected to the current official meat inspection and blood<br /> serum haptoglobin level determination. In both cattle and pigs, the mean haptoglobin<br /> concentrations were significantly higher in groups with abnormalities than in those<br /> without, but such a correlation was not been established at the level of individual animals.<br /> The study indicated that the mean haptoglobin level in groups of animals intended for<br /> slaughter can be used as an additional, objective indicator of general health status of<br /> animals and/or appropriateness of farm of their origin, when analysing the food chain<br /> information as a part of the ante-mortem inspection. This is important in deciding<br /> whether to perform simplified or detailed post-mortem inspection of certain animals or<br /> groups of animals at abattoirs.<br /> The numerical assessment of cattle cleanliness before slaughter was evaluated as a<br /> risk indicator of dressed beef carcasses&rsquo; microbial contamination. Cattle hide cleanliness<br /> was visually assessed (on a scale of 1 to 4) and levels of generic microbiota and<br /> occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcass were determined. A global<br /> correlation was found between the visual hide cleanliness and generic microbiota levels<br /> on dressed carcasses, but these levels significantly differed only between very dirty cattle<br /> (category 4) and all other less dirty or clean cattle (categories 1, 2 and 3). Regarding the<br /> visual cattle cleanliness and the presence of Escherichia coli O157 on dressed carcasses,<br /> a clear relationship was not determined. The validity of cattle cleanliness visual<br /> assessment system and usefulness of this as an indicator of risk of generic microbiota<br /> contamination of dressed carcasses was confirmed.<br /> Also, the quantitative relationship between the levels of incoming (hide/skin) and<br /> final (dressed carcasses) microbiological contamination was evaluated as an indicator for<br /> risk categorization of cattle and pig abattoirs in terms of their performances in reducing<br /> the risk of microbiological contamination of meat. Levels of generic microbiota and<br /> occurrence of the major pathogens in beef (Escherichia coli O157) and pork chain<br /> (Salmonella) were determined on hides/skins and dressed carcasses. The results showed<br /> that the ratio between generic microbiota levels on dressed carcasses and hides/skins is<br /> more precise and more reliable in the differentiation of process hygiene performances of<br /> abattoirs, compared to the official current process hygiene criteria laid down in the<br /> European Union legislation. On the other hand, the results indicated that the prevalence<br /> of pathogens is not useful as a parameter in the characterization of abattoir process<br /> hygiene.<br /> Additionally, potential contributions of the main current strategies in biological<br /> meat safety risk management in cattle and pig abattoirs - the current meat inspection and<br /> abattoir process hygiene - in ensuring the overall biological safety of meat were<br /> compared. Human health biological foodborne risks associated with beef or pork that can<br /> be controlled by one of the two strategies at abattoirs were qualitatively assessed.<br /> Comparing the levels of assessed risks, it was concluded that adequate process hygiene<br /> currently contributes significantly more to the overall biological safety of beef and pork<br /> VIII<br /> carcasses than current meat inspection. However, in the global meat safety assurance<br /> system, both of these strategies must have a specific role, according to the risk<br /> assessment of hazards which they individually control.<br /> Overall, this study has provided a scientific basis for the further development of<br /> contemporary, longitudinal and integrated risk management system for biological safety<br /> of beef and pork, as well as the use of some new indicators of biological risk in such a<br /> system. At the same time, it has indicated the needs and directions for further and more<br /> intensive research to optimize and implement that modern system and the proposed risk<br /> indicators in practice.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WELINGTON DE ARRUDA PASSARINHO.pdf: 4257068 bytes, checksum: 065f4a6fac965f3cb16e88740d6bd675 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / The activity aquaculture presents great amplification potential in the area of the bordering municipal districts to the reservoir of the Serra da Mesa, however the commercial production of fish in tank-nets is just beginning, discouraged for the slowness in the process of regularization of the productive areas, access to the credit and the deficiency in the commercialization. The project had as proposal data about the reality economical, environmental, social and of the production of the fish farming, collected the participants of the fish farmers of the lake Cooperative directly it Serra da Mesa (Cooperpesca), located in the reservoir of UHE of the Serra da Mesa, in the municipal district of Uruaçu, in Goiás. In this sense, it can be said that the experience of the fish farmers cooperatives allows to present the potentialities and limits that a proposal of maintainable development faces in a society. It is felt that there was an improvement of family income and quality of life of those interviewed in the last decade, with most having their own house and the constructive kind of masonry and plastered and the degree of education has the most basic education (elementary). During the activities those Cooperated were close to evident the environmental understanding, considering that the Reservoir is more impact environmentally in relationship ten years ago. Based on this reality and making possible generation of income and maintainable development, the project of production aquaculture in tank-net for a family of having cooperated, is configured as a possible and viable alternative. / A atividade aquicola apresenta grande potencial de ampliação na região dos municípios lindeiros ao reservatório da Serra da Mesa, entretanto a produção comercial de peixes em tanques-redes está apenas começando, desestimulada pela morosidade no processo de regularização das áreas produtivas, acesso ao crédito e a deficiência na comercialização. O projeto teve como proposta levantar dados sobre a realidade econômica, ambiental, social e da produção da piscicultura, coletados diretamente aos participantes da Cooperativa dos piscicultores do lago Serra da Mesa (Cooperpesca), localizada no reservatório da UHE da Serra da Mesa, no município de Uruaçu, em Goiás. Neste sentido, pode-se dizer que a experiência das cooperativas de piscicultores permite apresentar as potencialidades e limites que uma proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável enfrenta em uma sociedade. Percebe-se que houve uma melhoria da renda familiar e da qualidade de vida dos entrevistados na última década, com a maioria possuindo casa própria e do tipo construtivo de alvenaria e rebocada e quanto ao grau de escolaridade a maioria possui o ensino básico (fundamental). Durante as atividades junto aos Cooperados ficou evidente a conscientização ambiental, considerando que o Reservatório encontra-se mais impactado ambientalmente em relação há dez anos. Baseado nesta realidade e possibilitando geração de renda e desenvolvimento sustentável, o projeto de produção aquícola em tanques-rede para uma família de cooperado, configura-se como uma alternativa possível e viável.

Em Campo Largo existe uma concentração de fábricas para a produção de louças de mesa branca de uso doméstico e por conta disso, em dezembro de 2010, a Lei no. 16.773, declarou \"O Município de Campo Largo como Capital da Louça, Porcelana de Mesa e da Cerâmica do Estado do Paraná\", tal evento pareceu confirmar um processo de formalização e de uma ritualização, que carrega do passado práticas desenvolvidas por meio de uma tradição. Para realizar o estudo que envolveu a história da produção de louças nesse município, uma questão central norteadora foi formulada buscando responder ao que se pode depreender do design de louças de mesa branca de uso doméstico, produzidas em Campo Largo, nas décadas de 1920 a 1960? Para responder à essa questão um estudo voltado para o paradigma qualitativo, na modalidade histórica, foi aplicado e como métodos de coletas de informações, entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas, além delas, também foram feitas consultas a acervos particulares, de museus, memoriais, documentos históricos e consultas a dados da hemeroteca. As informações geradas pela coleta dos dados foram interpretadas e depois disso, divididas em categorias temáticas, utilizadas para responder a 4 questões que derivaram da questão central. A reconstituição realizada a partir dos dados encontrados de fábricas que existiram no início do século XX possibilitaram a geração de um documento que resgatou um passado, resultado da formação de uma rede de máquinas e equipamentos, associadas a assentamentos humanos que formaram um parque industrial que impactou no design da louça de mesa branca e também foi impactado por ela. Identificar oficialmente a cidade como sendo a Capital da Louça é indício de que um produto pode ser reflexo da sua história cultural, política e econômica além de ter, também, influenciado a construção de valores e hábitos nesse território. / In Campo Largo in the State of Paraná - Brazil, there is a concentration of factories that manufacture white tableware for domestic use, and because of that, in December 2010 the law no 16.773, decreed Campo Largo as \"Parana\'s white tableware capital\". Such event might have confirmed a process of formalization and a ritualization which carries from the past practices developed by means of a tradition. In order to carry out the research that included the history of the manufacturing of white tableware in this city, a fundamental guiding question was made up, seeking to answer what can be understood from the design of white tableware for domestic use manufactured in the city of Campo Largo, from the 1920\'s to the 1960\'s. To answer such question, a study focused on the qualitative paradigm with emphasis on the historic genre has been carried out using as data collect methods such as: in-depth interviews, visits to museums, visits to private collections, memorials and also the analysis of historic documents and newspapers. The information generated by the data collect was interpreted and then divided into thematic categories used to answer four questions derived from the fundamental one. The reconstitution made from the data found from factories that had been around in the early twentieth century enabled the generation of a document that rescued a past, which was the result of the formation of a network of machines and equipment, associated with human settlements, which in turn made up an industrial complex that impacted on the design of white tableware, and was also impacted by its design. Identifying officially the city of Campo Largo as being the capital of white tableware implies that a product can reflect its cultural, political and economic history and also this product has influenced the construction of values and habits in that territory.

We examine the emergence of the Neolithic in the Southwest United States by focusing on the Mesa Verde region and the research we have conducted there as a part of the Village Ecodynamics Project. The Mesa Verde region has many characteristics that make it an ideal place to study the emergence of the Neolithic. The region has about 20.000 recorded archaeological sites. These sites are highly visible because there has been relatively little erosion or deposition. The arid climate has resulted in remarkable preservation, and tree-ring dating provides precise chronological resolution. Tree rings also allow annual reconstructions of temperature and precipitation. Finally, Pueblo Indians continue to live in New Mexico and Arizona today, and their oral traditions can be combined with archaeological information to provide a more complete and inclusive reconstruction of the Pueblo past. We examine the lengthy occupation of the Mesa Verde region to better understand the relationship between the following key elements of the Neolithic: the introduction of domesticated food production, the causes and consequences of population growth, the effects of climate change, the intensification of the warfare, the degree of sedentism and frequency of population movement, the formation of villages, and the emergence of complex social and political organization. / En el presente trabajo se analiza el surgimiento del Neolítico en el Suroeste de los Estados Unidos sobre la base de la región de Mesa Verde y las investigaciones que los autores han dirigido como parte del Village Ecodynamics Project (VEP). Esta región tiene muchas características que la hacen ideal para estudiar el surgimiento del Neolítico. Tiene cerca de 20.000 sitios arqueológicos registrados que son bastante visibles debido a la relativamente poca erosión y los escasos procesos de deposición. El clima árido ha motivado una conservación notable y el fechado dendrocronológico ha proporcionado una definición cronológica precisa. Las series de anillos de los árboles también han permitido reconstrucciones anuales de la temperatura y las precipitaciones. Por último, los indios pueblo aún viven en New Mexico y Arizona en la actualidad, y sus tradiciones orales pueden ser combinadas con información arqueológica para brindar una reconstrucción más completa, inclusive, del pasado de estos grupos humanos. Se examina la larga ocupación de la región de Mesa Verde para entender mejor la relación entre los siguientes elementos clave del Neolítico: la introducción de una producción de alimentos domesticados, las causas y consecuencias del crecimiento poblacional, los efectos del cambio climático, la intensificación de la guerra, el grado de sedentarismo y la frecuencia del movimiento de poblaciones, la formación de aldeas y, por último, el surgimiento de la organización social y política compleja.

No description available.

No description available.

This analysis of faunal remains from eleven archaeological sites in the northern San Juan region, extensively occupied by the Ancestral Pueblo people until they leave the region by AD 1300, explores the effects of resource intensification of small wild and domestic resources leading up to this regional depopulation. By examining multiple lines of evidence, in addition to faunal abundance, causal factors are identified to address changes in abundances through time. In particular, age- and sex-based mortality are examined for lagomorphs (jackrabbits and cottontails) and domesticated turkey, respectively, to test hypotheses generated using the prey and patch choice models. Analyses of these resources follow a systematic paleontology which provides explicit identifications made of five sites from a large study area, Goodman Point Pueblo Unit. These data are integrated with those from large village sites from the encompassing central Mesa Verde region. The results of both analyses help clarify why the Ancestral Pueblo people left southwestern Colorado. During the final twenty-year occupation period, the results of this study support a shift from reliance on turkey husbandry to intense exploitation of locally available garden resources (i.e. cottontails).

Le développement des communautés appelle de plus en plus au ralliement des acteurs afin de travailler dans une logique davantage collective et hors des silos. Dans plusieurs collectivités, les gens se rassemblent autour de tables de concertation pour travailler dans une même direction. D’ailleurs, c’est la stratégie utilisée par la Mesa de concertación de género (Table de concertation sur le genre) de Comas, à Lima, au Pérou. Instance de concertation permanente et intersectorielle thématique, cette table de concertation collabore avec plusieurs organismes de la communauté, notamment avec une ONG (organisation non gouvernementale), laquelle est elle-même partenaire d’un OCI (organisme de coopération internationale) du Québec. Les participantes à la table sont très impliquées dans cette instance et dans leur communauté. Ainsi, il apparait intéressant de définir et comprendre la nature et les caractéristiques de cette participation à la Mesa de concertación de género. De même, comme il existe un lien entre la table de concertation et un organisme de coopération québécois, il apparait également pertinent de comprendre comment ce lien influence leur travail. Notre question de recherche se formule en ces termes: comment se caractérise la participation dans le cadre d’une concertation soutenant des projets locaux, dont certains sont appuyés par la coopération internationale? Quatre types de collectes de données ont été employés en vue de répondre à cette question. Tout d’abord, nous avons effectué une analyse documentaire dans le but de mieux comprendre le contexte de la Mesa de concertación de género et le contexte de la communauté de Comas. Par la suite, nous avons procédé à des séances d’observation dans la communauté et aux réunions de la table de concertation. Enfin, nous avons conduit des focus groups (n=2) avec les membres de la table de concertation et mené des entretiens individuels (n=12) avec des membres et des anciens membres de cette instance. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que la participation à la Mesa de concertación de género est en constante évolution. En fait, les personnes siégeant à cette table changent selon les années et selon les projets. En d’autres mots, la participation se transforme en fonction du contexte politique, économique et social. Les personnes participant à la table de concertation sont des représentants d’organisations sociales de la communauté; selon la typologie conçue par Levasseur, Richard. Gauvin et Raymond (2010), le type de participation sociale exercé par ces personnes vise à contribuer à la société. L’un des facteurs limitant le plus la participation à la table de concertation reste l’aspect économique. Ne disposant pas d’un budget qui lui serait versé sur une base récurrente, la table doit constamment ajuster ses activités en tenant compte des maigres ressources qui lui sont allouées. À l’inverse, l’un des facteurs favorisant le plus la participation à la table de concertation est l’engagement bénévole des femmes, qui pourrait être qualifié de vocation. Ces femmes permettent à la table de rester active et reconnue dans Lima depuis plus de 16 ans. Les diverses actions entreprises par la table de concertation favorisent tant la participation sociale que la participation citoyenne. Dans leur communauté, les femmes mettent sur pied différentes activités autour du thème de l’égalité des genres et elles engagent la lutte au plan politique dans la perspective d’améliorer la condition des femmes en particulier et de la population en général. Elles ont élaboré plusieurs plans de travail en collaboration avec la municipalité de Comas en vue d’infléchir les politiques publiques. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent également que, du fait que la composition des membres de la table change souvent et que le nombre activités faites par la table varie constamment, il n’est pas possible de classer la table à un niveau précis dans la typologie de la participation citoyenne élaborée par Arnstein (1969) puisque ce niveau semble changer en fonction du contexte. Finalement, la table de concertation est influencée par la coopération internationale par l’intermédiaire de son travail avec l’organisme AYNI Desarrollo, qui permet un échange interculturel entre les personnes participant à la table et les stagiaires québécois et qui donne à la table la possibilité d’obtenir un financement pour organiser des activités. Toutefois, cette situation peut entrainer une certaine dépendance de la table car la possibilité de mener à bien des projets plus importants reste en partie assujettie à ce financement.

[pt] O autismo e um transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) que afeta principalmente a comunicação, a interação social e os comportamentos do indivíduo. Como parte dos TGDs encontram-se outras categorias, entre elas o autismo de alta funcionalidade (AAF) considerado como um autismo leve dentro do espectro autístico. A ciência da computação apresenta muitas vantagens que podem ser usadas para o benefício destas pessoas, permitindo o desenvolvimento de aplicações para contribuir nas suas necessidades específicas. Entre essas aplicações, as aplicações colaborativas de multitoque tem mostrado importantes resultados no que diz respeito a facilidade de uso, interesse, motivação, possibilidade de comunicação e melhora no comportamento social de usuários com AAF. Este trabalho apresenta um jogo colaborativo multi-usuário (PAR: Peco, Ajudo, Recebo) utilizando multi-toque, desenvolvido para avaliar diferentes dimensões de colaboração elaboradas conforme as necessidades de um grupo de usuários com autismo com funcionalidades mais comprometidas do que os AAF, a m de contribuir na sua interação social. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas quatro dimensões de colaboração obtidas a partir das dimensões usadas em aplicações destinadas para AAF e modificadas conforme os requerimentos dos usuários alvo. Essas dimensões são incluídas no PAR e permitiram incentivar um trabalho colaborativo e validar tanto sua utilidade na interação social de autistas quanto os benefícios sobre outras dificuldades que esses usuários apresentam. / [en] Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that primarily aects communication, social interaction and behaviors. As part of TGDs there exist other categories, including high-function autism (HFA), considered a light autism within the autistic spectrum. Computer science has many advantages that can be used for the benet of these people, allowing application development to contribute to their specic needs. Among these applications, collaborative multi-touch applications have produced some important results regarding ease of use, interest, motivation, ability to communicate and to improve the social behavior of users with HFA. This work presents a multi-user collaborative game (PAR, acronym in Portuguese for Ask, Help, Receive) using multi-touch designed to assess diferent dimensions of collaboration, developed according to the needs of a user group with a degree of autistic impairment higher than that of the HFA, to contribute in their social interaction. In this sense, four dimensions of collaboration are presented, obtained from the dimensions used in applications designed for HFA and modied according to the requirements of target users. These dimensions are included in PAR and allowed to encourage a collaborative behavior and validate its usefulness both in the social interaction and other difficulties the target users have.