A utilização da comunidade bentônica em biomonitoramento, como indicadora da qualidade de ambientes aquáticos, encontra-se atualmente bem estabelecida. Das duas abordagens sugeridas pelo Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da USEPA, a que utiliza um único meso-hábitat mostra-se ideal para o biomonitoramento sendo, portanto, necessário estabelecer qual meso-hábitat utilizar. Este trabalho pretende avaliar a sensibilidade e adequabilidade de diferentes meso-hábitat ribeirinhos em biomonitoramento. Foram estabelecidos oito pontos de amostragem, localizados nos rios Atibainha, Cachoeira e Atibaia, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo. Amostras foram coletadas na estação chuvosa (março), para análise de variáveis ambientais (água e sedimento) e biótica (macroinvertebrados bentônicos). Os organismos da comunidade bentônica foram identificados ao nível de família para os principais taxa. Os dados ambientais e bióticos foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento e ordenação, e para o diagnóstico da qualidade do ambiente aquático, índices individualizados e abordagem multimétrica foram utilizados. Tanto as variáveis ambientais quanto a biótica separaram nitidamente regiões de alto (3ª e 4ª ordens) e baixo gradiente (5ª e 6ª ordens). Dos meso-hábitats analisados por meio da comunidade bentônica, apenas canal e margem deposicional mostraram-se promissores e destes, margem deposicional mostrou-se o mais adequado para biomonitoramento, tanto por discernir o gradiente de poluição existente quanto por possibilitar a avaliação integrada de variáveis bióticas, químicas e toxicológicas, o que minimizaria esforços com acréscimo de informações. / The use of benthic communities in biomonitoring, as indicator of aquatic environmental quality is currently well established. Considering the two approaches suggested by Rapid Assessment Protocol of US-EPA, the single mesohabitat approach is ideal for the practical purposes of biomonitoring, being hence necessary to establish which meso-habitat to use. This paper aims to evaluate the sensitivity and suitability of different river meso-habitats for biomonitoring. Eight sampling sites were established along Atibainha, Cachoeira and Atibaia Rivers, in Piracicaba River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Sampling were carried out in rainy season (March) to evaluate environmental (water and sediment) and biotic (benthic macroinvertebrates) parameters. The major benthic taxa were identified to family level.. Environmental and biotic data were submitted to cluster and ordination analysis, and for the quality of aquatic environment diagnosis, individualized index and multimetrics approach were used. Both environmental and biotic parameters distinctly discriminated upper (3rd and 4th orders) from lower (5th and 6th orders) gradient regions. Among the meso-habitats analyzed by mean of the benthic community, only channel and depositional bank were promising and of the two, deposicional bank proved to be the most adequate for biomonitoring, both for discerning pollution gradient and for enabling an integrated assessment of biotic, chemical and toxicological parameters, minimizing efforts and adding information

O financiamento de empresas em início de operação teve uma grande mudança causada pelo advento de novas tecnologias. A inovação dos softwares e da computação, principalmente após a virada do século, fez com que houvesse uma enorme redução nos custos para criação de novos produtos e serviços (Shane e Nicolaou, 2018). Entendendo que os ativos são heterogêneos, ou seja, são formados por múltiplos atributos (Barzel, 1997), a mudança tecnológica fez com que a retirada desses atributos do domínio público fosse bem menos custosa; entretanto, não houve alteração nos custos para se colocar estes produtos no mercado. Diante deste panorama, o financiamento para as startups é elemento primordial para o desempenho do segmento. Dada a importância do tema, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal verificar quais fatores são responsáveis por explicar diferentes resultados com relação ao ambiente de financiamento. Desta forma, à luz da teoria institucional de North (1990), entendida como as regras formais e informais de uma sociedade, e da abordagem das meso-instituições de Menard (2014), que entende que há camadas intermediárias entre o nível macro institucional e o nível micro institucional, pretende-se responder aos objetivos desta pesquisa. Assim, este estudo tem como principal hipótese que as instituições e as meso-instituições são importantes para explicar os resultados quanto ao financiamento das startups. A pesquisa desenvolvida é de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo e está dividida em dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, pretende-se analisar como as normas e regras têm influência no empreendedorismo de oportunidade, na inovação das empresas, no financiamento por meio do mercado de ações e na disponibilidade de capital de risco. No capítulo 2, à luz do trabalho de Mernard (2014), explorou-se o papel das meso-instituições no financiamento das startups. Este capítulo está dividido em três partes: na primeira foi analisado o papel das meso-instituições em uma perspectiva bottom-up, na segunda seção foram analisadas as incubadoras como meso-instituições responsáveis por auxiliar as startups na obtenção de recursos e na última parte foram analisadas as incubadoras como meio de impulsionar a inovação e a obtenção de recursos por meio de programas de fomento. Por fim, concluiu-se que as instituições são fatores significativos para explicar as variáveis testadas e que as meso-instituições importam para explicar os diversos resultados dentro do mesmo arcabouço institucional. / The financing of newly established companies has been greatly modified by the advent of new technologies. Software and computer innovation have led to a huge reduction in the costs of creating new products and services, especially since the turn of the century (Shane and Nicolaou, 2017). Considering that assets are heterogeneous - that is, they are formed by multiple attributes (Barzel, 1997) -, technological change has largely reduced the costs of removing these attributes from the public domain. Nevertheless, the costs of marketing these products remained the same. In this scenario, the financing of startup companies is a key element for the segment\'s performance. Given the importance of the theme, the main objective of this research is to verify which factors explain different results in relation to the financing environment. In light of the institutional theory by North (1990), understood as the formal and informal rules of a society, and the meso-institutional approach by Menard (2014), which understands that there are intermediate layers between the macro-institutional level and the institutional level, we intend to achieve the objectives of this research. Thus, the main hypothesis in this study is that institutions and meso-institutions are important to explain the results regarding the financing of startups. This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods and is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, we intend to analyze how norms and rules influence entrepreneurship of opportunity, business innovation, financing through the stock market, and the availability of venture capital. In Chapter 2, in light of Mernard\'s (2014) work, the role of the meso-institutions in the financing of startups is explored. This chapter is divided into three parts: in the first we analyze the role of meso-institutions with a bottom-up perspective, in the second we analyze incubators as meso-institutions responsible for assisting startups in obtaining resources, and in the third we explore incubators as a means of boosting innovation and obtaining resources through development programs. We conclude that institutions are significant factors to explain the tested variables and that meso-institutions play a role in explaining different results within the same institutional framework.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein chemisches Abgussverfahren für selbstorganisierte Strukturen in Lösung verwendet, das es ermöglicht definierte poröse Materialien mit Strukturierung auf der Nanometerskala herzustellen. Ähnlich wie beim Gussverfahren von Werkstücken wird die Vorlage durch ein geeignetes Material abgebildet. Durch Entfernen dieser Vorlage erhält man ein poröses (mit Hohlräumen durchsetztes) Negativ derselben. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Materialien sind in mehrerer Hinsicht interessant:<br> So lassen sich aus ihrer Morphologie Rückschlüsse über die Natur der selbstorganisierten Strukturen erhalten, da der hier verwendete Abbildungsprozess selbst kleinste strukturelle Details erfasst. Die Hohlräume der synthetisierten porösen Stoffe hingegen können als winzige Reaktionsgefäße, sogenannte &quot;Nano-Reaktoren&quot; verwendet werden. Dies ermöglicht sowohl die Synthese von Nano-Partikeln, die auf anderem Wege nicht zugänglich sind, als auch die Möglichkeit Einflüsse der räumlichen Restriktion auf die Reaktion zu untersuchen. Besonders räumlich ausgedehnte Strukturen sollten hierbei Auffälligkeiten zeigen.<br> Somit ist die Gliederung der Arbeit vorgegeben:<br> - Die Herstellung und Charakterisierung von porösen Stoffen und selbstorganisierten Strukturen<br> - Ihre Verwendung als &quot;Nano-Reaktor&quot; / This work employs a chemical casting technique, which allows the synthesis of mesoporous materials with definite morphology and pore-size distribution. The structure is thereby determined by a self-assembled template on a nanometer length scale. By removing the template, the final mesoporous materials are formed. The materials are interesting from several points of view: <br> First, one can learn about the nature of self-organized structures by casting, since the process is known to map even the smallest details. Second, the porous materials can be used as &quot;nano-reactors&quot;, both for the synthesis of nano-particles, which are not otherwise accessible, and for the investigation of the reaction itself, since reactions in very small volumes often show differences when compared with their bulk counterparts. For the synthesis of geometrically extended structures this confinement could be especially interesting.<br> The work therefore divides into two parts:<br> - The synthesis and characterisation of porous matter and self-organized structures<br> - Their usage as &quot;nano-reactors&quot;

A utilização da comunidade bentônica em biomonitoramento, como indicadora da qualidade de ambientes aquáticos, encontra-se atualmente bem estabelecida. Das duas abordagens sugeridas pelo Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da USEPA, a que utiliza um único meso-hábitat mostra-se ideal para o biomonitoramento sendo, portanto, necessário estabelecer qual meso-hábitat utilizar. Este trabalho pretende avaliar a sensibilidade e adequabilidade de diferentes meso-hábitat ribeirinhos em biomonitoramento. Foram estabelecidos oito pontos de amostragem, localizados nos rios Atibainha, Cachoeira e Atibaia, na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo. Amostras foram coletadas na estação chuvosa (março), para análise de variáveis ambientais (água e sedimento) e biótica (macroinvertebrados bentônicos). Os organismos da comunidade bentônica foram identificados ao nível de família para os principais taxa. Os dados ambientais e bióticos foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento e ordenação, e para o diagnóstico da qualidade do ambiente aquático, índices individualizados e abordagem multimétrica foram utilizados. Tanto as variáveis ambientais quanto a biótica separaram nitidamente regiões de alto (3ª e 4ª ordens) e baixo gradiente (5ª e 6ª ordens). Dos meso-hábitats analisados por meio da comunidade bentônica, apenas canal e margem deposicional mostraram-se promissores e destes, margem deposicional mostrou-se o mais adequado para biomonitoramento, tanto por discernir o gradiente de poluição existente quanto por possibilitar a avaliação integrada de variáveis bióticas, químicas e toxicológicas, o que minimizaria esforços com acréscimo de informações. / The use of benthic communities in biomonitoring, as indicator of aquatic environmental quality is currently well established. Considering the two approaches suggested by Rapid Assessment Protocol of US-EPA, the single mesohabitat approach is ideal for the practical purposes of biomonitoring, being hence necessary to establish which meso-habitat to use. This paper aims to evaluate the sensitivity and suitability of different river meso-habitats for biomonitoring. Eight sampling sites were established along Atibainha, Cachoeira and Atibaia Rivers, in Piracicaba River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Sampling were carried out in rainy season (March) to evaluate environmental (water and sediment) and biotic (benthic macroinvertebrates) parameters. The major benthic taxa were identified to family level.. Environmental and biotic data were submitted to cluster and ordination analysis, and for the quality of aquatic environment diagnosis, individualized index and multimetrics approach were used. Both environmental and biotic parameters distinctly discriminated upper (3rd and 4th orders) from lower (5th and 6th orders) gradient regions. Among the meso-habitats analyzed by mean of the benthic community, only channel and depositional bank were promising and of the two, deposicional bank proved to be the most adequate for biomonitoring, both for discerning pollution gradient and for enabling an integrated assessment of biotic, chemical and toxicological parameters, minimizing efforts and adding information

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Porphyrins are very attractive system to study self-assembly due to its basic structure, chemical and thermal stability, synthetic versatility and important technological applications. This work presents the development of self-assembled systems meso-porphyrin derived from cardanol, the major constituent of the LCC. We were developed Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films and superparamagnetic nanosystems coated with meso-porphyrin. The Langmuir films showed molecular area mean of the 177 à 2 confirmed by compressibility modulus. The 700 nm band observed in the Langmuir films supports the coexistence of monomers and dimers similar to the spectra of the solution (CHCl3/CH3COOH). The Brewster angle microscopy measurements showed formation of bright block domains with different sizes and shapes for the monolayer that disappears after surface pressure starts to increase. The UVâvis spectra of the Langmuir films and FTIR reflection of the LangmuirâBlodgett films (LB) indicated that the molecules exhibit preferential orientation with the parallel planes to the water (Langmuir) and in the substrate (LB). The LB film of 5 layers showed better response as electrode and has been tested as a promethazine sensor. Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with an average size of 11 nm were coated with oleic acid layer and a meso-porphyrin layer to producing a novel superparamagnetic fluorescent nanosystem. Also were obtained systems coated with meso-porphyrins metallated with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The systems were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, TGA, vibrating sample magnetometry, UV-Vis, fluorescence and confocal miscroscopy. The systems showed good thermal stability, excellent magnetization and nanosized dimensions. / Porfirinas sÃo sistemas muito atrativos para estudos de automontagem graÃas a suaestrutura ba se, estabilidadequÃmica e tÃrmica, versatilidade sintÃtica e importantes aplicaÃÃes tecnolÃgicas. Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar o desenvolvimento de sistemas automontados da meso-porfirina derivada do cardanol, constituinte majoritÃrio do LCC. Foram desenvolvidos filmes finos de Langmuir e Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) e aplicado como sensor eletroquÃmico para prometazina e nanossistemas superparamagnÃticos revestidos com a meso-porfirina. Os filmes de Langmuir apresentaram Ãrea molecular mÃdia de 177 à 2 , confirmado pelo mÃdulo de compressibilidade. A banda centrada em &#955; = 700 nm observados nos filmes suporta a coexistÃncia de monÃmeros e dÃmeros semelhantes aos espectros em soluÃÃo de CHCl3/CH3COOH. A microscopia do Ãngulo de Brewster mostrou domÃnios com blocos brilhantes de diferentes tamanhos e formas para a monocamada que desapareceram apÃs o aumento da pressÃo de superfÃcie. Os espectros de UV-vis dos filmes e FT-IR no modo reflexÃo dos filmes de Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) indicaram que as molÃculas apresentam orientaÃÃo preferencial com os planos paralelos à Ãgua (no Langmuir) e no substrato (LB). O filme LB de 5 camadas apresentou melhor resposta como eletrodo e foi testado como um sensor de prometazina. As nanopartÃculas magnÃticas de Fe 3 O 4 com tamanho mÃdio de 11 nm foram revestidos com uma camada de Ãcido oleico seguido da meso-porfirina produzindo um novo nanossistema superparamagnÃtico fluorescente. Foram obtidos tambÃm os sistemas revestidos com porfirinas metaladas com os Ãons Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+, os quais foram caracterizados por MET, FT-IR, anÃlise termogravimÃtrica, magnetometria de amostra vibrante, UV-Vis, emissÃo de fluorescÃncia e miscroscopia confocal. Os resultados mostraram que os sistemas apresentaram boa estabilidade tÃrmica, comportamento superparamagnÃtico e dimensÃes nanomÃtricas.

Diese Arbeit untersucht das Versagen von Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden an dem Material Glasfaser/Epoidharz. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Epoxidharzes werden mitteln Zug-, Druck, und Torsionsversuch ermittelt und mittels eines eigen entwickelten Werkstoffmodells abgebildet. Das Versagen innerhalb eines Rovings wird mithilfe von Mikromodellen bestimmt, in denen das Werkstoffmodell der Matrix eingesetzt wird. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Ermittlung eines geeigneten repräsentativen Volumenelementes (RVE) für die Mikrostruktur und die Ausarbeitung der Effekte aufgrund des Skalenübergangs. Mit diesem RVE der Mikrostruktur wird das Bruchkriterium nach A. Puck. anhand virtueller Experimente kalibriert und in einem Mesomodell eingesetzt. Das Mesomodell bildet einen auf Druck beanspruchten Rohrprüfkörper ab und wird mit dem entsprechenden Experiment verglichen, um das Bruchverhalten des Rovings zu validieren.

Climate is one of the most important factors influencing where wine grapes can be grown and the quality of wine produced from those grapes. A plants habitat has a profound influence on its growth and development. The surrounding climatic conditions at both the macro- and meso-scales influence the plant-climate miro-scale interactions. The main study site is the McKenzie Vineyard that is owned by Torlesse Wines. The climatic conditions of the surrounding Waipara region was also studied using climate data from the following vineyards; Canterbury House, River Terrace and Waipara West. The overall aim of this research is to improve understanding of the influence of the climatic environment on grapevine development at the meso- to micro-scale. The main findings of the research were firstly, that the most important climatic factor influencing grapevine development and growth is temperature and secondly that there is variability in the temperature across the Waipara Basin. Future research should be conducted for the entire growth season to gain a better understanding of how temperature influences the development of grapevine over the growing season as a whole.

In this thesis, a methodology for rigid body dynamic modeling and control design is presented for a 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel-kinematic-mechanism-based reconfigurable meso-milling machine tool (RmMT) with submicron tracking accuracy requirement. The dynamic modeling of the parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) is formulated using the Lagrangian method with the application of principle of energy equivalence and coordinate transformations to separate the mechanism into serial sub-systems. The rigid body gyroscopic force is also modeled using this approach and its effect as a disturbance is analyzed and compensated. The contour errors for both position and orientation are formulated to increase machining accuracy. The dynamic model of the system is linearized through feedback linearization and the contour error based feedback control law is formulated using the convex combination design approach to satisfy a set of design specifications simultaneously. The dynamic model and its control methodology are simulated and verified within the MATLAB Simulink environment.

In this thesis, a methodology for rigid body dynamic modeling and control design is presented for a 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel-kinematic-mechanism-based reconfigurable meso-milling machine tool (RmMT) with submicron tracking accuracy requirement. The dynamic modeling of the parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) is formulated using the Lagrangian method with the application of principle of energy equivalence and coordinate transformations to separate the mechanism into serial sub-systems. The rigid body gyroscopic force is also modeled using this approach and its effect as a disturbance is analyzed and compensated. The contour errors for both position and orientation are formulated to increase machining accuracy. The dynamic model of the system is linearized through feedback linearization and the contour error based feedback control law is formulated using the convex combination design approach to satisfy a set of design specifications simultaneously. The dynamic model and its control methodology are simulated and verified within the MATLAB Simulink environment.

<p>Prema postavljenom cilju istraživanja, ispitivani su kvalitet mesa i mleka<br />podolskog govečeta u Republici Srbiji.<br />Ispitivanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 23 grla, od kojih 12 krava i 11<br />mu&scaron;kih junadi na lokaciji u Bačkoj Topoli.<br />Utvrđena prosečna telesna masa mu&scaron;ke junadi podolske rase, koja su<br />kori&scaron;ćena u ovom istraživanju iznosila je 445,91 kg, sa prosečnim randmanom<br />primarne obrade od 53,64 %.<br />4<br />Masa glave bez rogova u proseku je bila 12,11 kg, a masa kože je iznosila<br />39,27 kg. Prosečna masa unutra&scaron;njih organa iznosila je: bubrezi sa lojem 4,02 kg,<br />jetra 5,00 kg, srce 1,76 kg, pluća 4,88 kg i slezina 0,86 kg. Utvrđena je prosečna<br />masa leve polutke od 121,68 kg, a desne polutke od 120,71 kg.<br />Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MLD u proseku su<br />bile: L*-svetloća 34,61, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,18, b*-udeo žute boje 6,54, kalo<br />kuvanja 44,30 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 5,52 (cm2). U proseku, sadržaj vode<br />je iznosio 75,43 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,57 %, sadržaj proteina 21,32 %,<br />sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,90 %. Utvrđena<br />vrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 1,43 %, dok je sadržaj<br />hidroksi prolina bio 0,05 %.<br />Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MSM u proseku su<br />bile: L*-svetloća 35,41, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,84, b*-udeo žute boje 6,64, kalo<br />kuvanja 46,46 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 7,30. U proseku, sadržaj vode je<br />iznosio 75,68 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,32 %, sadržaj proteina 21,02 %, sadržaj<br />ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,82 %. Utvrđena vrednost<br />sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 0,47 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksi<br />prolina bio 0,06 %.<br />Ispitivanjem senzornih osobina kod MLD i MSM utvrđeno je sledeće:<br />Intezitet boje MLD iznosio je 4,1, a MSM 4,0. Prosečna vrednost teksture MLD<br />iznosila je 4,3, a MSM 4,1. Mramoriranost MLD u proseku je iznosila 4,0, a kod<br />MSM 4,3. Utvrđena prosečna vrednost nežnosti MLD iznosila je 4,4, a kod MSM<br />5,3. Sočnost kod MLD u proseku je iznosila 5,1, a kod MSM 4,7.<br />Ispitivanjem osobina mlečnosti ustanovljeno je, da je prosečno trajanje<br />laktacije iznosilo 152 dana, prinos mleka u proseku je bio 988,00 kg, sadržaj<br />mlečne masti 4,24 %, a sadržaj proteina 3,99 %. Poređenjem osobina mlečnosti<br />između prvotelki i starijih krava utvrđeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije kod<br />prvotelki iznosilo 148 dana, a kod starijih krava 156 dana, količina mleka kod<br />prvotelki u laktaciji iznosila je 907 kg, a kod starijih krava 1.056 kg. Sadržaj<br />mlečne masti kod prvotelki iznosio je 4,23 %, a kod starijih krava 4,25 %, dok je<br />sadržaj proteina u mleku kod prvotelki iznosio 3,94 %, a kod starijih krava 4,04 %.<br />Prosečne vrednosti svih ispitivanih osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki i<br />starijih krava nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale (p&gt;0,05).</p> / <p>Towards the objectives of research, we examine the quality of meat and milk<br />of Podolian cattle in the Republic of Serbia.<br />The study included a total of 23 animals, of which 12 cows and 11 steers at<br />the location in Bačka Topola.<br />Determined by the average body weight of steers the podolian breed, which<br />were used in this study was 445,91 kg, with an average dressing percentage of<br />primary treatment of 53,64 %.<br />8<br />The mass of the head without the horns, the average was 12,11 kg, a mass of<br />skin was 39,27 kg. The average weight of internal organs were: kidney with fat<br />4,02 kg, liver 5,00 kg, heart 1,76 kg, lungs 4,88 kg, and spleen 0,86 kg. Determine<br />the average mass of the left carcass of 121,68 kg, and the right carcass of 120,71<br />kg.<br />The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:<br />L*-lightness 34,61, part of a*-red color 20,18, part of b*-yellow color 6,54,<br />cooking loss 44,30 % and water holding 5,52. On average, the water content was<br />75,43 %, total solids content of 24,57 %, protein content 21,32 %, ash content 1,09<br />%, and free fat content of 1,90 %. The determined value of the connective tissue<br />averaged 1,43 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,05 %.<br />The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:<br />L*-lightness 35,41, part of a*-red color 20,84, part of b*-yellow color 6,64,<br />cooking loss 46,46 % and water holding 7,30. On average, the water content was<br />75,68 %, total solids content of 24,32 %, protein content 21,02 %, ash content 1,09<br />%, and free fat content of 1,82 %. The determined value of the connective tissue<br />averaged 0,47 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,06 %.<br />By examining the sensory properties of the MLD and the MSM has shown<br />the following: Intensity of color MLD was 4,1 and 4,0 of MSM. The average value<br />of the texture MLD was 4,3 and 4,1 of MSM. Marbling MLD averaged 4,0 and 4,3<br />for MSM. The determined average value of tenderness MLD was 4,4 and 5,3 for<br />MSM. Juiciness of MLD averaged a 5,1 in MSM 4,7.<br />The examination of milk traits were found that the average duration of<br />lactation period was 152 days, milk yield on average was 988,00 kg, milk fat<br />content 4,24 % and 3,99 % protein content. Comparison of milk production traits<br />between primiparas and older cows showed that the average duration of lactation<br />in primiparas amounted to 148 days, and for older cows 156 days, the amount of<br />milk in lactating primiparas was 907 kg, and for older cows 1.056 kg. Milk fat<br />content at first calving was 4,23 % and 4,25 % of older cows, while milk protein<br />content at first calving was 3,94 % and 4,04 % of older cows.<br />The average values of all the traits of milk production between primiparas<br />and older cows were not significant (p&gt; 0.05).</p>