Spelling suggestions: "subject:"micromacro"" "subject:"micromicro""
31 |
Efeito da corticotomia e decorticalização na movimentação ortodôntica: estudo em ratos / Corticotomy and Decortication effect on orthodontic tooth movement: study in ratsZuppardo, Marcelo Lelis 06 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by MARCELO LELIS ZUPPARDO (ortodontiazuppardo@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-01T23:43:51Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Versão FINAL 01.08.2018.pdf: 1738428 bytes, checksum: ea89ecbcd914fe55c572f405cd81df64 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Silvana Alvarez null (silvana@ict.unesp.br) on 2018-08-03T12:52:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
zuppardo_ml_dr_sjc.pdf: 1738428 bytes, checksum: ea89ecbcd914fe55c572f405cd81df64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T12:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
zuppardo_ml_dr_sjc.pdf: 1738428 bytes, checksum: ea89ecbcd914fe55c572f405cd81df64 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-06-06 / Este estudo comparou dois protocolos cirúrgicos, corticotomia e corticotomia com decorticalização, em ratos para verificar alteração na movimentação ortodôntica convencional. 60 animais foram divididos aleatoriamente: Grupo controle (GC) - movimentação ortodôntica convencional; Grupo 1 (G1) -movimentação ortodôntica e corticotomia; Grupo 2 (G2) - movimentação ortodôntica com corticotomia e decorticalização. Os animais foram eutanasiados após 7 e 14 dias. No G1 e G2 houve uma maior movimentação ortodôntica comparado aos animais do GC aos 14 dias (p = 0,009 e 0,016) com uma maior área radiográfica interradicular, menor volume ósseo/volume total, menor área final e menor porcentagem de osso. Aos 7 dias os animais do G2 apresentaram menor volume de osso/volume total comparado com GC e aos 14 dias os animais do G2 apresentaram uma menor medida linear da crista óssea comparado com o GC. Os animais do GC aos 14 dias apresentaram uma maior área final comparado aos 7 dias, enquanto o G2 apresentou maior número de células TRAP positivas tanto aos 7 quanto aos 14 dias comparado com o G1. Na análise histológica aos 7 dias houve frequente reabsorção radicular inicial geralmente associada às áreas de hialinização e aos 14 dias, presença do infiltrado inflamatório e com menor ocorrência de áreas hialinas. O padrão de reabsorção radicular iniciado no 7º dia de movimento e consolidado no 14º dia. Concluímos que a corticotomia acelera a movimentação ortodôntica em 14 dias independente da magnitude da injúria cirúrgica / This study compared two surgical protocols, corticotomy and decorticalization corticotomy, in rats to verify alteration in conventional orthodontic movement. 60 animals were randomly divided: Group 1 (G1) orthodontic movement and corticotomy, and Group 2 (G2) orthodontic movement with corticotomy and decorticalization. The animals were euthanized after 7 and 14 days. In G1 and G2, there was a greater orthodontic movement compared to CG animals at 14 days (p = 0.009 and 0.016) with a higher interradicular radiographic area, lower bone volume / total volume, lower final area and lower percentage of bone. At 7 days the G2 animals presented lower bone volume / total volume compared to CG and at 14 days G2 animals presented a smaller linear measure of bone crest compared to CG. GC animals at 14 days presented a larger final area compared to 7 days, while G2 presented a higher number of TRAP cells positive at 7 and 14 days compared to G1. In the histological analysis at 7 days, there was frequent initial root resorption generally associated with hyalinization areas and at 14 days, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and less occurrence of hyaline areas. The root resorption pattern started on day 7 of movement and was consolidated on the 14th day. We conclude that corticotomy accelerates orthodontic movement in 14 days regardless of the magnitude of the surgical injury.
|
32 |
Les stratégies d'adaptation des sociétés pyrénéennes entre 19 et 14 ka cal BP : étude biométrique et techno-économique comparée sur l'exploitation du bois de cerf et du bois de renne autour des Pyrénées au Magdalénien moyen et supérieur / Adaptation strategies of pyrenean societies between 19-14 ky cal BP : comparative biometric and techno-economic study on the exploitation of red deer and reindeer antler around the Pyrenees during the Middle and Upper MagdalenianLefebvre, Alexandre 09 December 2016 (has links)
Cette étude porte sur l'équipement en bois de cervidé (armement et outillage) fabriqué par les chasseurs-cueilleurs paléolithiques qui peuplaient le massif pyrénéen durant le Magdalénien (19-14 ka cal. BP). Pendant cette période, qui correspond à la fin de la dernière glaciation, les Pyrénées constituent une frontière écologique naturelle, circonscrivant plus ou moins strictement la répartition des cervidés de part et d’autre du massif. La question des usages comparés du bois de cervidé autour des Pyrénées est un cas d'étude particulièrement intéressant pour appréhender les interactions hommes préhistoriques-variations du milieu de part et d’autre d’une frontière écologique naturelle. À travers l’étude techno-économique de sept séries d’industrie sur bois de cervidé du Magdalénien pyrénéen (Santa Catalina-NIII, Isturitz-SI/Eω, Isturitz-I/F1, Troubat-10/8, Belvis-1/4,Canecaude I-2, La Bora Gran), nous avons pu confirmer que les groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs avaient globalement puisé dans leur environnement proche l’essentiel des ressources dont ils avaient besoin pour leurs équipements.Si les études techniques et économiques comparées que nous avons menées sur ces deux matériaux ne font pas apparaître d’avantages substantiels de l’un par rapport à l’autre, il n’en demeure pas moins que leur exploitation implique dans les deux cas une anticipation des besoins à plus ou moins long terme. En ce sens, le versant nord du massif livre un exemple original de planification des besoins en armement à travers l’exploitation du bois de renne par les groupes du Magdalénien moyen récent et du Magdalénien supérieur ancien. Enfin,pour pallier les problèmes d’identification taxinomique des bois de cervidé (cerf/ renne) liés à la transformation anthropique des vestiges, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode d’identification des bois de cervidé au micro-CT, combinant microtomographie X et analyses statistiques avancées (SVM classifiers). Cette méthode innovante, dont l’indice de confiance est évalué à 96 %, a permis de démontrer l’importation de bois de renne sur le territoire Ibérique depuis le versant nord du massif. / This study focuses on deer antler equipment (weapon and tool kits) crafted by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers that inhabited the Pyrenees during the Magdalenian (19-14 ka cal. BP). Throughout this period, which corresponds to the end of the last glaciation, the Pyrenees constitute a natural ecological border, more or less confining the distribution of deer on either side of this mountain range. Comparing the use of deer antler throughout the Pyrenees is a particularly interesting case study for addressing interactions between prehistoric people and environmental variations on either side of a natural ecological border. Through a techno-economic study of seven deerantler industries from the Pyrenean Magdalenian (Santa Catalina-NIII, Isturitz-SI/Eω, Isturitz-I/F1, Troubat-10/8, Belvis-1/4, Canecaude I-2, La Bora Gran), we were able to confirm that hunter-gatherer groups generally exploited their immediate environment for essential resources that they needed for these artefact types. While comparative technical and economic analyses of these two materials do not reveal any substantial advantageof one over the other, their exploitation does however imply in both cases a more or less long-term anticipationof needs. In this sense, the northern side of the range underlines an original example of forward planning of weaponry needs in the exploitation of reindeer antler by Late Middle and Early Upper Magdalenian groups. Finally, in order to overcome problems of taxonomic identification of deer antler (red deer vs. reindeer) tied tothe anthropic transformation of these artefacts, we developed a new identification method using micro-CT scanning,combining X-ray microtomography and advanced statistical analyses (SVM classifiers). This innovative method, with a confidence interval evaluated at 96%, allowed us to demonstrate the import of reindeer antler into the Iberian territory from the northern slopes of the mountain range.
|
33 |
The earliest members of the genus Homo in South Africa : evidence from inner structure of lower postcanine dentition / Les premiers membres du genre Homo en Afrique du sud : preuve de la structure interne de faible dentition postcaninePan, Lei 12 September 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse se compose de deux projets individuels et six chapitres, qui sont basées sur l'examen de la structure interne dentaire inférieure dentition postcanine dans un certain nombre de fossiles et modernes spécimens, à travers lesquels une étude approfondie a été effectuée à l'aide de micro-tomodensitométrie et ordinateur-outils de paleonanthropology assistée. Nous avons d'abord recensé et évalué la valeur taxinomique de l'épaisseur de l'émail et des modèles de distribution de l'épaisseur de l'émail 3D entier couronne dans un certain nombre des premiers membres du genre Homo en Afrique du Sud, et examiné dans le relavence taxonomique de EDJ morphologie long postcanine dentition, et discuté de la facteurs d'adaptation possibles / développement qui tiennent compte de la variation de la morphologie EDJ nous avons observé ici. Les trois premiers chapitres (Introduction, Matériel et méthodes) donnent un aperçu des objectifs de cette thèse, et d'examiner les études précédentes. En outre, ils fournissent une introduction détaillée des matières fossiles, les sites et un arrière-plan de la méthode assistée par ordinateur (micro-XCT) pour analyser la structure interne dentaire. Le chapitre des résultats comprend deux documents de recherche indépendants, dans les différentes étapes de soumission et de publication. Les résultats et les chapitres de discussion offrent un résumé détaillé de l'épaisseur de l'émail, EDJ morphométrie géométrique et 3D-EDJ variation métamérique entre les espèces, et de comparer les résultats avec un certain nombre d'études morphologiques et de développement, et de fournir une perspective d'étude future. Le dernier chapitre atteint des points décisifs de cette thèse, il met en évidence la valeur taxinomique des prémolaires EDJ, et met l'accent sur les caractéristiques de la mosaïque de la dentition des premiers membres du genre Homo sud-africaine. / This thesis consists of two individual projects and six chapters, which are based on the examination of dental inner structure of lower postcanine dentition in a number of fossil and modern specimens, through which a comprehensive study has been done using micro-computed tomography and computer-assisted paleonanthropology tools. We first documented and assessed the taxonomical value of enamel thickness and 3D whole-crown enamel thickness distribution patterns in a number of earliest members of the genus Homo in South Africa, and looked into the taxonomic relavence of EDJ morphology along postcanine dentition, and discussed the possible adaptive/developmental factors that account for the variation of EDJ morphology we observed here. The first three chapters (Introduction, Materials and Methods) provide an overview of the objectives of this thesis, and review previous studies. Also, they provide a detailed introduction of fossil materials, sites and a background of computer-aided method (micro-XCT) to analyze the dental inner structure. The Results chapter comprises of two independent research papers, in different stages of submission and publication. The Results and Discussion chapters offer an extensive summary of enamel thickness, EDJ geometric morphometrics and 3D-EDJ metameric variation between species, and compare the results with a number of morphological and developmental studies, and provide an outlook of future study. The last chapter reaches the conclusive points of this thesis, it highlights the taxonomical value of premolar EDJ, and emphasizes the mosaic features of the dentition of South African early Homo.
|
34 |
3D cranial morphometry, sensory ecology and climate change in African rodents / Morphométrie crânienne 3D, écologie sensorielle et changement climatique chez les Rongeurs AfricainsNengovhela, Aluwani 18 December 2018 (has links)
L'ordre des rongeurs (Rodentia) est le groupe de mammifères le plus riche en espèces, les muroïdes étant la superfamille la plus diversifiée. Comme ils occupent des niches écologiques arboricoles, semi-aquatiques, souterraines et terrestres, les rongeurs peuvent présenter des traits morphologiques reflétant leurs adaptations à des environnements aussi divers. Cette thèse porte sur la morphologie de l'endocrâne, de la bulle auditive et de la cochlée dans trois tribus (Otomyini, Taterillini et Gerbillini) représentant 10 espèces de rongeurs africains, en se concentrant sur la variabilité de ces traits, leur fonction et leur adaptabilité, à l'aide d'imagerie par micro-scanner et de méthodes de comparaison de formes tridimensionnelles. De plus, les variations de la taille du crâne ont également été étudiées en fonction du réchauffement climatique et des variables climatiques. Les changements / variations morphologiques sont liées à des différences environnementales. Par conséquent, chaque chapitre de cette étude détaille l'effet des changements environnementaux (dans l'espace et dans le temps) sur différents traits morphologiques, c'est-à-dire la taille générale du crâne (chapitre 2), la cochlée et les bulles auditives (chapitre 3), et la taille et la forme endocrânienne (chapitre 4). Le chapitre 2 traite spécifiquement du changement climatique au sens strict et les deux autres chapitres traitent de différents gradients environnementaux. Le chapitre 2 teste l'applicabilité de la "troisième réponse universelle au réchauffement" (c'est-à-dire de la diminution de la taille corporelle) et de la "règle des ressource" dans deux sous-familles de muridés, Murinae et Gerbillinae. L'étude montre que la troisième réponse n'est pas universelle puisqu'une seule espèce s'est conformée à ce type de réponse. De plus, il a été démontré que la disponibilité de nourriture (règle des ressources) était un facteur plus important que la règle de Bergmann pour expliquer les corrélations entre variations de l'environnement et celles de la taille des espèces de rongeurs.[...] / The order Rodentia is the most speciose group of mammals with muroids being the most diverse superfamily. Since they are represented in arboreal, semiaquatic, subterranean and terrestrial niches, rodents may exhibit morphological traits reflecting their adaptations to such diverse environments. This thesis focuses on the morphology of the endocranium, auditory bulla and cochlea in three tribes (Otomyini, Taterillini and Gerbillini) representing 10 species of African rodents, concentrating on their variability, function and adaptability, using micro-CT imaging and 3D shape comparative methods. Additionally, variations in cranial size were also studied in respective of global warming and climatic variables. Morphological changes/variations are a result of environmental change, therefore each chapter in this study details the effect of environmental change (in space and time) on different morphological traits i.e. general cranial size (chapter 2), cochlea and auditory bulla (chapter 3) and endocranial size and shape (chapter 4). With chapter 2 dealing specifically with climate change in its straict sense and the remaining two chapters looking at different environmental gradients. Chapter 2 tests the applicability of the "third universal response to warming" (i.e. declining body size) and the Resource Rule in two murid subfamilies, Murinae and Gerbillinae. The study shows that the third response is not as universal as only one species conformed to this response. Further, food availability (Resource Rule) was shown to be the more important factor correlated with body size variations in rodent species than Bergmann's Rule. [...]
|
35 |
Análise do efeito da aplicação direta de materiais capeadores à base de óleo de copaíba sobre a polpa de molares murinos / Analysis of the effect of the direct application of copaiba oil based capping materials on pulp murine teethLima, Paula Loures Valle 19 March 2018 (has links)
Este estudo translacional avaliou o efeito da aplicação direta de materiais capeadores à base de óleo de copaíba sobre a polpa dentária de ratos. O biomaterial foi analisado de acordo com os processos inflamatórios, reparadores e regenerativos. Cavidades classe I foram preparadas na face oclusal dos molares superiores e inferiores de ratos da linhagem Wistar (n=120). Posteriormente, uma cavidade padronizada foi realizada com broca carbide esférica ¼. Exposições pulpares foram obtidas e após a hemostasia com algodão estéril e água destilada, foi realizado o capeamento pulpar com aplicação de biomateriais diretamente no tecido pulpar. Os biomateriais utilizados foram: COP (Óleo de Copaíba); Ca(OH)2 (hidróxido de cálcio), Ca(OH)2+COP; MTA (agregado trióxido mineral); MTA+COP; BIODENTINA (Biodentine®); BIODENTINA+COP. Todas as cavidades foram restauradas com cimento provisório. Os animais foram sacrificados após o período de 7, 14, 28 dias de acordo com os princípios de ética e experimentação animal. Vinte e um grupos foram criados a partir da combinação de tempos e materiais, cada grupo foi constituído de 5 animais. As peças foram preparadas e processadas pela técnica histológica e coradas pela HE (hemotoxilina e eosina) realizando cortes aleatórios, sendo analisados ao microscópio óptico em 100X de aumento por 2 examinadores. Os critérios avaliados foram: respostas inflamatória e degenerativa, organização tecidual, dentina reacional e reparativa. No último tempo experimental (28 dias) de todos os grupos foi analisado a superfície (mm2) e o volume (mm3) da ponte de dentina formada pela técnica da micro-CT (microtomografia computadorizada) de alta resolução. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizando o teste T pareado, determinando a superfície e volume da dentina reparadora formada entre os grupos experimentais. Nas análises histológicas foi utilizado o teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney realizando comparações entre os grupos (?=5%). A BIODENTINA demonstrou uma tendência de acelerar o processo de regeneração pulpar, iniciando a deposição de dentina reparativa ao sétimo dia do capeamento. Este material apresentou uma dentina mais espessa em comparação com os outros biomateriais. O MTA também demonstrou uma eficiência na formação da ponte dentinária, entretanto em 20% das amostras não foi observada a presença de dentina reparadora. Ao acrescentar o COP nestes materiais, a formação da ponte dentinária apresentava heterogênea e incompleta, além disso esses grupos continham um processo inflamatório aumentado. A dentina reparadora do grupo de Ca(OH)2 demonstrou presença de túnel, com característica heterogênea. A adição do COP ao Ca(OH)2 aumentou a formação de dentina nas paredes ao redor da câmara pulpar em 80% das amostras, porém esta dentina não apresentava melhora na qualidade. Desta forma, o capeamento pulpar com COP isolado ou associado a Ca(OH)2, MTA e BIODENTINA não formou uma ponte de dentina completa e homogênea no local da exposição pulpar. / This translational study evaluated the effect of the direct application of copaiba oil based capping materials on the rat pulp. The biomaterial was analyzed according to inflammatory, repairing and regenerative processes. Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of the upper and lower molars of Wistar rats (n = 120). Subsequently, standardized cavities was performed with ¼ spherical carbide drill. Pulp exposures were obtained and after their hemostasis with sterile cotton and distilled water, pulp capping was done with application of biomaterials directly on the pulp tissue. The biomaterials used were: COP (Copaíba oil); Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), Ca(OH)2+COP; MTA (aggregate mineral trioxide); MTA+COP; BIODENTINE (Biodentine®); BIODENTINA+COP. All cavities were restored with temporary cement. The animals were sacrificed after the period of 7, 14, 28 days according to the principles of ethics and animal experimentation. Twenty-one groups were created from the combination of times and materials, each group consisted of 5 animals. The specimens were prepared and processed by histological technique and stained by HE (haemotoxin and eosin); randomized cuts were examined under optical microscope with 100X enlargement by two different examiners. The evaluated criteria were inflammatory and degenerative response, tissue organization, reactive and reparative dentin. In the last experimental period (28 days) of all groups, the surface (mm2) and the volume (mm3) of the reactive and reparative dentin formed were analyzed by the high-resolution micro-CT (computerized microtomography) technique. The data were statistically analyzed using the paired T-test, determining the surface and volume of the reparative dentin formed between the experimental groups. In the histological analyzes, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, comparing groups (? = 5%). BIODENTINE demonstrated a tendency to accelerate the process of pulpal regeneration, initiating the deposition of reparative dentin on the seventh day of the capping. This material had a thicker dentin compared to the other biomaterials. The MTA also demonstrated an efficiency in the formation of the dentin bridge; however, 20% of the samples did not observe the presence of reparative dentin. When adding the COP in these materials, the formation of the dentin bridge was heterogeneous and incomplete, in addition these groups contained an increased inflammatory process. The repair dentin of the Ca(OH)2 group showed a tunnel with a heterogeneous characteristic. The addition of COP to Ca(OH)2 increased dentin formation in the walls around the pulp chamber in 80% of the samples, but this dentin did not show improvement in quality. Thus, pulp cap with COP isolated or associated with Ca(OH)2, MTA and BIODENTINE did not form a complete and homogeneous dentin bridge at the site of pulp exposure.
|
36 |
Analysis in micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy of new instruments in retreatment and cleaning of flattened canals / Análise em micro-CT e microscopia eletrônica de varredura de novos instrumentos na desobturação e limpeza de canais achatadosBorges, Mariana Maciel Batista 16 March 2018 (has links)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of heat-treated nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments and complementary techniques in retreatment of flattened canals. Material and methods: Twenty-six mandibular incisors were prepared up to size 25/.08 rotary file and filled using the single-cone technique. Subsequently, the teeth were divided into 3 groups (n=12) according to retreatment procedures: Reciproc Blue: R25 and R40; ProDesign R: PDR 25/.06 and PDR 35/.05; WaveOne Gold: WOG Primary and WOG Medium. The apically extruded material was collected in microtubes and the volume (mm³) was measured by Micro-CT. After this, the specimens received complementary cleaning with XP-Endo Shaper, PUI and 60° oscillatory instrumentation with #30 Hedströem file. Micro-CT scans were performed before and after removing filling material. After quantification of the volume of remaining filling material, the teeth were sectioned and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the cervical, middle and apical thirds were obtained with a 700X magnification, and evaluated by scores based on the amount of filling material in the surface of dentine walls. Results: No reciprocating instrument promoted complete removal of filling material. All systems showed extrusion, however, WOG25 presented the higher extrusion of material (P<.05). XP-Endo Shaper significantly reduced the amount of filling material in the apical and middle thirds (P<.05). In the SEM analysis, there was no statistical difference among the cleaning methods (P> .05). Conclusions: The reciprocating instruments studied did not promote complete removal of root canal filling materials. XP-Endo Shaper, used as a complementary instrument in retreatment, improved removal of filling material. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de instrumentos reciprocantes em níquel-titânio tratados termicamente e métodos complementares no retratamento de dentes com raízes achatadas. Materiais e métodos: Trinta e seis incisivos inferiores foram preparados com instrumentos rotatórios até o diâmetro 25./08 e obturados pela técnica do cone único. Em seguida, os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=12) de acordo com os sistemas utilizados para desobturação no retratamento: Reciproc Blue: R25 e R40; ProDesign R: PDR 25./06 e PDR 35/.05; WaveOne Gold: WOG Primary e WOG Medium. O material extruído apicalmente foi coletado em microtubos e o volume (mm³) foi mensurado com Micro-CT. Na sequência, os espécimes receberam limpeza complementar com XP-Endo Shaper ou com irrigação passiva ultrassônica (PUI) ou com instrumentação com lima #30 Hedströem em movimento oscilatório. Escaneamentos em Micro-CT foram realizados antes e após a remoção do material obturador. Após quantificação do volume de remanescente de material obturador, os dentes foram seccionados e imagens com microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), dos terços cervical, médio e apical, foram obtidas com aumento de 700X, e avaliadas através de escores baseados na quantidade de material obturador remanescente nas paredes dentinárias. Resultados: Nenhum instrumento reciprocante promoveu remoção completa do material obturador. Todos os sistemas demonstraram extrusão, no entanto, WOG25 proporcionou maior extrusão (P<.05). XP-Endo Shaper reduziu significantemente a quantidade de material obturador nos terços médio e apical (P<.05). Na análise da limpeza das paredes dentinárias, em MEV, não houve diferença estatística entre os métodos de limpeza (P>.05). Os instrumentos reciprocantes estudados não promoveram a remoção completa do material obturador. XP-Shaper, utilizado como instrumento complementar no retratamento, aumentou a remoção de material obturador.
|
37 |
Influência do teor de ar incorporado no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados / The influence of air entrained content in concrete performance with different aggregate contentsBarbar, Joseph Salem 11 November 2016 (has links)
A utilização de aditivos incorporadores de ar em concretos é uma prática comum na construção civil e sua aplicação influencia significativamente diversas propriedades do concreto no estado fresco e endurecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do teor de ar incorporado, por meio de aditivo, no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados. O programa experimental incluiu avaliação da eficiência de aditivos na incorporação de ar em pastas de cimento, análise microestrutural e ensaios para determinação de propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de durabilidade de concretos com diferentes teores de ar e agregados. No estado fresco, foram realizados ensaios para determinação do teor de ar, massa específica e abatimento. No estado endurecido foram realizados ensaios de massa específica, absorção, resistência à compressão, módulo de elasticidade, velocidade de propagação da onda ultrassônica, carbonatação acelerada e condutividade térmica. Utilizando Microtomografia Computadorizada de Raios-X (Micro-CT) foram dimensionados e quantificados os poros presentes nas amostras dos concretos, bem como determinadas suas porosidades. Os concretos com ar incorporado apresentaram redução na resistência mecânica. Os concretos com menores teores de agregados apresentaram menor resistência mecânica, menor velocidade da frente de carbonatação e menor condutividade térmica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o aditivo a base de resinas sintéticas foi mais eficiente na incorporação de ar; maiores teores de ar implicam em variabilidade nos resultados de ensaios de resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade; os concretos com maiores teores de agregados apresentaram maior velocidade da frente de carbonatação, para mesmos teores de ar incorporado; a condutividade térmica é inversamente proporcional ao teor de ar incorporado no concreto, e quanto menor o teor de agregados, menor a condutividade térmica; o aumento do teor de ar no concreto promove aumento no diâmetro equivalente dos poros e redução da incidência de poros esféricos. / The use of entraining air additives in concrete is a common practice in construction and its application influences several concrete properties in the fresh and hardened state. The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of air entrained content, by additive, in concrete performance with different aggregate contents. The experimental program included the evaluation of additives effectiveness of air entrainment in cement pastes, microstructural analysis and the concretes physical and mechanical properties and durability, with different levels of entrained air and aggregates. Tests were performed in fresh to determine the air content, density and slump. In hardened concrete, density, absorption, compressive strength, elastic modulus, ultrasonic pulse velocity, accelerated carbonation and thermal conductivity tests were performed. By computed X-ray microtomography, the pores present in the concrete samples were sized and quantified and determined the concretes porosities. The air entrained concrete presented decrease in mechanical strength. Concretes with lower aggregate levels presented lower mechanical strength, carbonation speed and thermal conductivity. According to the results, it can be concluded that the synthetic resins base additive was more efficient in air entrainment; larger air content implies variability in the results of the compressive strength and elastic modulus tests; concrete with higher aggregate levels presented higher carbonation speed, for the same entrained air content; thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to the air entrained content in concrete, and as lower was the aggregate content, lower was the thermal conductivity; the increase of air content in concrete promotes increase in the pores diameter and reduction of the incidence of spherical pores.
|
38 |
In-vitro-Vergleich zweier verschiedener Techniken zur Revision von Wurzelkanalfüllungen in gekrümmten Wurzelkanälen - Eine Micro-Computertomografie-Studie / Comparison of hand and rotary instrumentation for removing gutta-percha from previously treated curved root canals – a micro-computed tomography studyKupis, Jolantha 15 January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
|
39 |
Análise do efeito da aplicação direta de materiais capeadores à base de óleo de copaíba sobre a polpa de molares murinos / Analysis of the effect of the direct application of copaiba oil based capping materials on pulp murine teethPaula Loures Valle Lima 19 March 2018 (has links)
Este estudo translacional avaliou o efeito da aplicação direta de materiais capeadores à base de óleo de copaíba sobre a polpa dentária de ratos. O biomaterial foi analisado de acordo com os processos inflamatórios, reparadores e regenerativos. Cavidades classe I foram preparadas na face oclusal dos molares superiores e inferiores de ratos da linhagem Wistar (n=120). Posteriormente, uma cavidade padronizada foi realizada com broca carbide esférica ¼. Exposições pulpares foram obtidas e após a hemostasia com algodão estéril e água destilada, foi realizado o capeamento pulpar com aplicação de biomateriais diretamente no tecido pulpar. Os biomateriais utilizados foram: COP (Óleo de Copaíba); Ca(OH)2 (hidróxido de cálcio), Ca(OH)2+COP; MTA (agregado trióxido mineral); MTA+COP; BIODENTINA (Biodentine®); BIODENTINA+COP. Todas as cavidades foram restauradas com cimento provisório. Os animais foram sacrificados após o período de 7, 14, 28 dias de acordo com os princípios de ética e experimentação animal. Vinte e um grupos foram criados a partir da combinação de tempos e materiais, cada grupo foi constituído de 5 animais. As peças foram preparadas e processadas pela técnica histológica e coradas pela HE (hemotoxilina e eosina) realizando cortes aleatórios, sendo analisados ao microscópio óptico em 100X de aumento por 2 examinadores. Os critérios avaliados foram: respostas inflamatória e degenerativa, organização tecidual, dentina reacional e reparativa. No último tempo experimental (28 dias) de todos os grupos foi analisado a superfície (mm2) e o volume (mm3) da ponte de dentina formada pela técnica da micro-CT (microtomografia computadorizada) de alta resolução. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizando o teste T pareado, determinando a superfície e volume da dentina reparadora formada entre os grupos experimentais. Nas análises histológicas foi utilizado o teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney realizando comparações entre os grupos (?=5%). A BIODENTINA demonstrou uma tendência de acelerar o processo de regeneração pulpar, iniciando a deposição de dentina reparativa ao sétimo dia do capeamento. Este material apresentou uma dentina mais espessa em comparação com os outros biomateriais. O MTA também demonstrou uma eficiência na formação da ponte dentinária, entretanto em 20% das amostras não foi observada a presença de dentina reparadora. Ao acrescentar o COP nestes materiais, a formação da ponte dentinária apresentava heterogênea e incompleta, além disso esses grupos continham um processo inflamatório aumentado. A dentina reparadora do grupo de Ca(OH)2 demonstrou presença de túnel, com característica heterogênea. A adição do COP ao Ca(OH)2 aumentou a formação de dentina nas paredes ao redor da câmara pulpar em 80% das amostras, porém esta dentina não apresentava melhora na qualidade. Desta forma, o capeamento pulpar com COP isolado ou associado a Ca(OH)2, MTA e BIODENTINA não formou uma ponte de dentina completa e homogênea no local da exposição pulpar. / This translational study evaluated the effect of the direct application of copaiba oil based capping materials on the rat pulp. The biomaterial was analyzed according to inflammatory, repairing and regenerative processes. Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of the upper and lower molars of Wistar rats (n = 120). Subsequently, standardized cavities was performed with ¼ spherical carbide drill. Pulp exposures were obtained and after their hemostasis with sterile cotton and distilled water, pulp capping was done with application of biomaterials directly on the pulp tissue. The biomaterials used were: COP (Copaíba oil); Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), Ca(OH)2+COP; MTA (aggregate mineral trioxide); MTA+COP; BIODENTINE (Biodentine®); BIODENTINA+COP. All cavities were restored with temporary cement. The animals were sacrificed after the period of 7, 14, 28 days according to the principles of ethics and animal experimentation. Twenty-one groups were created from the combination of times and materials, each group consisted of 5 animals. The specimens were prepared and processed by histological technique and stained by HE (haemotoxin and eosin); randomized cuts were examined under optical microscope with 100X enlargement by two different examiners. The evaluated criteria were inflammatory and degenerative response, tissue organization, reactive and reparative dentin. In the last experimental period (28 days) of all groups, the surface (mm2) and the volume (mm3) of the reactive and reparative dentin formed were analyzed by the high-resolution micro-CT (computerized microtomography) technique. The data were statistically analyzed using the paired T-test, determining the surface and volume of the reparative dentin formed between the experimental groups. In the histological analyzes, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, comparing groups (? = 5%). BIODENTINE demonstrated a tendency to accelerate the process of pulpal regeneration, initiating the deposition of reparative dentin on the seventh day of the capping. This material had a thicker dentin compared to the other biomaterials. The MTA also demonstrated an efficiency in the formation of the dentin bridge; however, 20% of the samples did not observe the presence of reparative dentin. When adding the COP in these materials, the formation of the dentin bridge was heterogeneous and incomplete, in addition these groups contained an increased inflammatory process. The repair dentin of the Ca(OH)2 group showed a tunnel with a heterogeneous characteristic. The addition of COP to Ca(OH)2 increased dentin formation in the walls around the pulp chamber in 80% of the samples, but this dentin did not show improvement in quality. Thus, pulp cap with COP isolated or associated with Ca(OH)2, MTA and BIODENTINE did not form a complete and homogeneous dentin bridge at the site of pulp exposure.
|
40 |
Influência do teor de ar incorporado no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados / The influence of air entrained content in concrete performance with different aggregate contentsJoseph Salem Barbar 11 November 2016 (has links)
A utilização de aditivos incorporadores de ar em concretos é uma prática comum na construção civil e sua aplicação influencia significativamente diversas propriedades do concreto no estado fresco e endurecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do teor de ar incorporado, por meio de aditivo, no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados. O programa experimental incluiu avaliação da eficiência de aditivos na incorporação de ar em pastas de cimento, análise microestrutural e ensaios para determinação de propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de durabilidade de concretos com diferentes teores de ar e agregados. No estado fresco, foram realizados ensaios para determinação do teor de ar, massa específica e abatimento. No estado endurecido foram realizados ensaios de massa específica, absorção, resistência à compressão, módulo de elasticidade, velocidade de propagação da onda ultrassônica, carbonatação acelerada e condutividade térmica. Utilizando Microtomografia Computadorizada de Raios-X (Micro-CT) foram dimensionados e quantificados os poros presentes nas amostras dos concretos, bem como determinadas suas porosidades. Os concretos com ar incorporado apresentaram redução na resistência mecânica. Os concretos com menores teores de agregados apresentaram menor resistência mecânica, menor velocidade da frente de carbonatação e menor condutividade térmica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o aditivo a base de resinas sintéticas foi mais eficiente na incorporação de ar; maiores teores de ar implicam em variabilidade nos resultados de ensaios de resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade; os concretos com maiores teores de agregados apresentaram maior velocidade da frente de carbonatação, para mesmos teores de ar incorporado; a condutividade térmica é inversamente proporcional ao teor de ar incorporado no concreto, e quanto menor o teor de agregados, menor a condutividade térmica; o aumento do teor de ar no concreto promove aumento no diâmetro equivalente dos poros e redução da incidência de poros esféricos. / The use of entraining air additives in concrete is a common practice in construction and its application influences several concrete properties in the fresh and hardened state. The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of air entrained content, by additive, in concrete performance with different aggregate contents. The experimental program included the evaluation of additives effectiveness of air entrainment in cement pastes, microstructural analysis and the concretes physical and mechanical properties and durability, with different levels of entrained air and aggregates. Tests were performed in fresh to determine the air content, density and slump. In hardened concrete, density, absorption, compressive strength, elastic modulus, ultrasonic pulse velocity, accelerated carbonation and thermal conductivity tests were performed. By computed X-ray microtomography, the pores present in the concrete samples were sized and quantified and determined the concretes porosities. The air entrained concrete presented decrease in mechanical strength. Concretes with lower aggregate levels presented lower mechanical strength, carbonation speed and thermal conductivity. According to the results, it can be concluded that the synthetic resins base additive was more efficient in air entrainment; larger air content implies variability in the results of the compressive strength and elastic modulus tests; concrete with higher aggregate levels presented higher carbonation speed, for the same entrained air content; thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to the air entrained content in concrete, and as lower was the aggregate content, lower was the thermal conductivity; the increase of air content in concrete promotes increase in the pores diameter and reduction of the incidence of spherical pores.
|
Page generated in 0.0304 seconds