Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.

Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.

Thesis (MEd (Curriculum sStudies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The TRAC PAC is a micro computer-based laboratory that allows learners to collect real-time data about a particular event and then displays the information graphically. It was brought to South Africa from the United States of America in an attempt to increase the low number of learners from previously disadvantaged communities entering the Science, Engineering and Technology fields. Anecdotal evidence has shown that the TRAC PAC has not been optimally utilised in classrooms. Subsequently a TRAC laboratory was established at Stellenbosch University and hence this study, which focused on identifying factors that would contribute towards the optimal use of the TRAC PAC. A qualitative case study research method was used, which relied on different techniques to gather data on how the TRAC PAC is used in classrooms and at the TRAC laboratory. The analysis of this data was largely an intuitive process; it relied on the development of categories which provided insights on the advantages and disadvantages of using the TRAC PAC. The thesis concludes with a number of recommendations that can lead to the optimal use of the TRAC PAC. One of the findings of this study was that even grade 12 Physical Science learners lacked certain basic skills such as the ability to take accurate measurements. Addressing this lack amongst South African learners is also a priority of the National Education Department, following its adoption of an outcomes-based education approach. The design of a detailed, well structured series of activities that addresses the required educational outcomes should result in the optimal use of the TRAC PAC.

研究目的：探討微電腦廠商在不同國際市場行銷策略的差異、最適之行銷組合及其對 績效的影響。 文獻探討：１．學者們對國際行銷策略應採行標準化（Levitt １９８３）或因地制 宜（Sorenson and Weichmann１９７５，Buzzell １９８０）迭有爭議。 ２．陳正男（１９８５）曾利用集群分析將行銷策略分成擴張策略、中庸策略及防禦 策略，發現採行擴張策略的廠商其成長率皆高於採行防禦策略的廠商。 研究方法：１．資料收集：初級資料以郵寄問卷獲得，次級資料則蒐集期刊、資策會 研究報告及相關報章雜誌而得。 ２．抽樣方法：以我國微電腦外銷前三十名廠商及參加１９８７年台北國際電腦展之 微電腦公司為樣本。 ３．資料分析：以集群分析獲得行銷策略型態之分類，再利用ＡＮＯＶＡ探討行銷策 略型態與績效之關係。 研究內容：實際調查各廠商在美加、西歐、東南亞、澳紐四個地區其產品策略、通路 策略、訂價策略、及惟廣策略的做法。 研究結果：我國微電腦產業依不同地區的市場特性，有不同的行銷策略，亦獲得不同 的行銷績效。

O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um microcomputador de 8 bits. O projeto inclui além dos circuitos básicos, lógica adicional para extender a memória contornando o limite normal de endereçamento. Um disco virtual uma interface em RAM e uma interface para \"Winchester\" foram desenvolvidas para extender a capacidade de armazenamento secundário e a velocidade de execução. Suporte para o coprocessador AM9511 é fornecido para freqüentes cálculos em ponto flutuante. Rotinas para operações básicas de E/,. manipulação da memória e \"Caching\" de disco, foram desenvolvidas para suportar o sistema operacional CP/M. Um monitor residente com montador, desmontador e funções de E/S de alto nível, foi construído para ajudar no desenvolvimento de aplicações dedicadas. / The present works describes the development of an 8 bits microcomputer system. The project includes, besides the basic circuity, additional logic for memory extension behind the regular address limit. A virtual RAM disk and a Winchester interface were developed to extend secondary storage and execution speed. For floating point intensive calculations support for an AM9511 coprocessor is given. Routines for basic I/O operations, memory management and disk \"Caching\" were developed to support the CP/M operating system. A resident monitor with assembly, disassembly and high level I/O functions was constructed to aid the development of dedicated application.

O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um microcomputador de 8 bits. O projeto inclui além dos circuitos básicos, lógica adicional para extender a memória contornando o limite normal de endereçamento. Um disco virtual uma interface em RAM e uma interface para \"Winchester\" foram desenvolvidas para extender a capacidade de armazenamento secundário e a velocidade de execução. Suporte para o coprocessador AM9511 é fornecido para freqüentes cálculos em ponto flutuante. Rotinas para operações básicas de E/,. manipulação da memória e \"Caching\" de disco, foram desenvolvidas para suportar o sistema operacional CP/M. Um monitor residente com montador, desmontador e funções de E/S de alto nível, foi construído para ajudar no desenvolvimento de aplicações dedicadas. / The present works describes the development of an 8 bits microcomputer system. The project includes, besides the basic circuity, additional logic for memory extension behind the regular address limit. A virtual RAM disk and a Winchester interface were developed to extend secondary storage and execution speed. For floating point intensive calculations support for an AM9511 coprocessor is given. Routines for basic I/O operations, memory management and disk \"Caching\" were developed to support the CP/M operating system. A resident monitor with assembly, disassembly and high level I/O functions was constructed to aid the development of dedicated application.

This master thesis is focused on smart display modules and their management. Attention is paid on analysis of the current state with focus on power supply and remote management. The goal of this master thesis is to design and develop a prototype of a wireless display module and management system on the base of gained knowledge. A substantial part of this thesis is also a base station which allows remote access to network with wireless display modules and management.

Eva Stratilová Urválková; Dissertation Thesis Title: Microcomputer-Based Laboratory in Secondary School Chemistry Education Abstract School experimental practice should reflect the real laboratory practice so that school science keeps in touch with reality. Todays laboratories are fully equipped with instrumental devices that are often presented in media, so it is necessary that students have experience also with this way of experiments. For school purposes seem suitable probeware (school experimental systems), that combine modern technology with concept of student-centered learning (eg inquiry based science education) that should successfully prepare students for lifelong learning. During recent years probeware has become one of discussed topics in Czech science education, but there has been a lack of research examining whether both teachers and pupils are prepared to accept and implement probeware into school chemistry curriculum. Almost none research has been done in field search describing the way of using the probeware and microcomputer-based laboratory in Czech school curriculum. Presented mixed method research focuses on attitudes of chemistry teachers (N = 65), pre-service chemistry teachers (N = 38) and students (N = 50) regarding attitudes to general devices and measuring devices (or probeware) to...