O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, os efeitos da radiação com cobalto-60 nas propriedades mecânicas, morfológicas e químicas do esmalte e da dentina de dentes permanentes através da: 1- microdureza longitudinal; 2- microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV); e 3- espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX). A microdureza do esmalte e da dentina (n=12 hemissecções vestibulares) foi avaliada em três profundidades (superficial, média e profunda), antes e a cada 10 Gy de irradiação, até uma dose cumulativa de 60 Gy. A morfologia do esmalte e da dentina foi avaliada por meio de MEV (n=8 hemissecções), em 2 hemissecções vestibulares irradiadas com dose cumulativa de 30 Gy, 2 hemissecções vestibulares irradiadas com dose cumulativa de 60 Gy e 4 hemissecções palatinas não irradiadas. A composição química do esmalte e da dentina foi avaliada por meio de EDX (n=4 hemissecções), utilizando-se as mesmas hemissecções previamente submetidas à MEV (com dose cumulativa de 60 Gy de irradiação, e nas hemissecções não irradiadas). Os dados foram analisados quanto à sua distribuição e submetidos à Análise de Variância a dois critérios. Para a diferenciação das médias, empregou-se o teste de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Com relação à microdureza no esmalte, pôde-se observar que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p < 0,05). A microdureza no esmalte não irradiado não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante em comparação com a do esmalte após irradiação com doses de 40, 50 e 60 Gy (p > 0,05), e apresentou-se maior que os valores de microdureza nas doses de 10, 20 e 30 Gy (p < 0,05). Com relação à microdureza nas diferentes profundidades pôde-se observar diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre elas, observando-se no esmalte superficial seus maiores valores. Na análise morfológica do esmalte observou-se que os espécimes irradiados apresentaram alterações crescentes, em função do aumento da dose de radiação, em comparação ao esmalte não irradiado. A porção interprismática tornou-se mais evidente após as doses de 30 e 60 Gy. Em relação à microdureza da dentina, pôde-se observar que houve diferença significante entre os grupos (p < 0,05). A microdureza na dentina não irradiada não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante em comparação com a microdureza na dose de 40 Gy (p > 0,05) e apresentou valores superiores aos observados nas doses de 10, 20, 30, 50 e 60 Gy (p < 0,05). Em relação à microdureza nas diferentes profundidades avaliadas pôde-se observar diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre elas, sendo que a dentina média apresentou seus maiores valores. Na análise morfológica da dentina observou-se a presença de fendas na estrutura dentinária, túbulos dentinários colabados/destruídos e fragmentação das fibras colágenas nas doses de 30 e 60 Gy, sendo as alterações mais intensas com aumento da dose de irradiação, para todas as regiões analisadas, em comparação à dentina não irradiada. Na análise química do esmalte e da dentina irradiados observou-se discreto aumento de oxigênio (O) e diminuição de fósforo (P) e cálcio (Ca), em comparação aos espécimes não irradiados. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a radioterapia não influenciou a microdureza do esmalte, como um todo, entretanto, quando analisou-se nas diferentes profundidades do esmalte, verificou-se um aumento da microdureza na região superficial. Na dentina, a radioterapia ocasionou diminuição da microdureza após praticamente todas as doses de radiação, em comparação à dentina não irradiada, sendo que na região da dentina média observaram-se seus menores dos valores. As alterações morfológicas das estruturas do esmalte e da dentina foram crescentes com o aumento das doses de irradiação observando-se a porção interprismática mais evidente, presença de fendas e túbulos dentinários colabados/destruídos e fragmentação progressiva das fibras colágenas. Quimicamente, após a irradiação, tanto no esmalte como na dentina, observouse um discreto aumento na porcentagem de oxigênio e redução nas porcentagens de fósforo e cálcio. / The present study had as objective to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of the radiation of 60 Cobalt (Co 60) in the mechanical, morphological and chemical properties of the enamel and of the dentine of permanent teeth by means of: 1- longitudinal microhardness; 2- scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and 3; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The microhardness of the enamel and of the dentine (n = 12 vestibular hemisections) was evaluated in three depths (superficial, medium and deep), before and at each 10 Gy of irradiation, until a total cumulative dose of 60 Gy. The morphology of the enamel and of the dentine was evaluated by means of a SEM (n = 8 hemisections), in 2 irradiated vestibular hemisections with total cumulative dose of 30 Gy, 2 irradiated vestibular hemisections with total cumulative dose of 60 Gy and 4 not irradiated palatine hemisections (control). The chemical composition of the enamel and of the dentine was evaluated by means of EDX (n = 4 hemisections), using the same hemisections previously submitted to SEM (with cumulative dose of 60 Gy of irradiation, and in the not irradiated hemisections). The data were analyzed about their distribution and submitted to the Analysis of Variance at two criteria. For the differentiation of the averages, the test of Fisher was used. The level of significance adopted was of 5%. About the longitudinal microhardness in the enamel, it was possible to be observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0,05). The microhardness in the not irradiated enamel was similar to the enamel after the irradiation with doses of 40, 50 and 60 Gy (p > 0,05) and higher than the microhardness values in the doses of 10, 20, e 30 Gy (p < 0,05). About the microhardness in the different depths it was observed significant difference (p < 0,05) between them, being observed in the superficial enamel the greatest values of microhardness. In the morphological analysis of the enamel it was observed that the irradiated specimens presented growing alterations, due to the increase of the radiation dose, comparing to the not irradiated enamel. There was no difficulty in observing the prisms and the crystals after the irradiation, however the interprismatic portion became more evident after the radiation doses of 30 and 60 Gy. About the longitudinal microhardness of the dentine, it could be observed that there was significant difference between the groups (p < 0,05). The microhardness of the not irradiated dentine was not statistically significant compared to the microhardness in the dose of 40 Gy (p > 0,05) and it presented higher values to the observed ones in the doses of 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 Gy (p < 0,05). About the relation to the microhardness in the different evaluated depths it was possible to observe significant difference (p < 0,05) among them, being that the medium dentine presented the highest values of microhardness. In the morphological analysis of the dentine it was observed the presence of cracks in the dentine structure, collapsed/destroyed dentine tubules and fragmentation of the collagen fibers in the doses of 30 and 60 Gy, being the alterations more intense with the increase of the dose of irradiation, for all the analyzed regions, comparing to the not irradiated dentine. In the chemical analysis of the irradiated enamel and the dentine it was observed the slight increase of oxygen (O) and decrease of phosphorus (P) and Calcium (Ca), comparing to the not irradiated specimens. The result allowed to be concluded that the radiotherapy occasioned the decrease of the microhardness of the enamel after the doses from 10 to 30 Gy, but in the following doses there was an increase of the microhardness, which became similar to the not irradiated enamel, being that in the superficial region it was observed the biggest increase of the microhardness. In the dentin, the radiotherapy caused decrease of the microhardness after practically all doses of radiation, comparing to the not irradiated dentine, being that in the region of the medium dentine the lowest values of microhardness were observed. The morphological alterations of the enamel and of the dentine structure were growing with the increase of the radiation doses observing the more evident interprismatic portion, presence of cracks and collapsed/destroyed dentine tubules and progressive fragmentation of collagen fibers. Chemically, after the irradiation, not only in the enamel but also in the dentin, it was observed a slight increase of percentage of the oxygen and decrease in the percentages of phosphorus and calcium.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, os efeitos da irradiação com cobalto-60 (Co 60), nas propriedades do esmalte e da dentina de dentes decíduos por meio da: 1 - microdureza longitudinal; 2 - morfologia em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV); e 3 - composição química em espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX). No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a microdureza do esmalte e da dentina (n=12 hemissecções vestibulares) em 3 profundidade (superficial, média e profunda), antes e a cada 10 Gy de irradiação, até uma dose cumulativa total de 60 Gy. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a morfologia do esmalte e da dentina por meio de MEV (n=8 hemissecções), sendo 2 hemissecções vestibulares irradiadas com a dose cumulativa de 30 Gy, 2 hemissecções vestibulares irradiadas com a dose cumulativa de 60 Gy e 4 hemissecções palatinas não irradiadas. No terceiro experimento, identificou-se os elementos químicos do esmalte e da dentina por meio de EDX (n=4 hemissecções), utilizando-se as mesmas hemissecções previamente submetidas à MEV (com a dose cumulativa de 60 Gy de irradiação e nas hemissecções não irradiadas). No primeiro experimento a microdureza, antes e após, a irradiação, foi avaliada na mesma hemissecção dental (face vestibular). Já no segundo e terceiro experimentos, as hemissecções vestibulares foram submetidas à irradiação e as hemissecções palatinas do mesmo dente funcionaram como controle. Os dados foram analisados quanto à sua distribuição e submetidos à Análise de Variância a dois critérios. Para a diferenciação das médias, empregou-se o teste de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A microdureza longitudinal no esmalte, como um todo, variou após as diferentes doses de irradiação, aumentando significantemente após a dose de 60 Gy (p<0,05), com valores de 191,4 KH (controle); 184,7 KH (10 Gy); 184,6 KH (20 Gy); 192,9 KH (30 Gy); 198,2 KH (40 Gy); 204,1 KH (50 Gy) e 211,4 KH (60 Gy). Observou-se que no esmalte profundo foi encontrado o maior valor médio de microdureza (206,7 KH), o qual foi estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) do valor médio das duas outras regiões avaliadas. Na microdureza longitudinal da dentina como um todo, após as diferentes doses de irradiação, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores de microdureza da dentina não irradiada (28,9 KH) com relação à dentina irradiada com doses de 10 Gy (23,8 KH), 20 Gy (25,6 KH), 30 Gy (24,8 KH) e 40 Gy (25,7 KH) (p<0,05). As doses 50 Gy e 60 Gy apresentaram o mesmo valor médio de microdureza (26,7 KH) e diferente da dose de 10 Gy de irradiação (p<0,05). Com 60 Gy não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado à dentina não irradiada (p>0,05). Observou-se que na dentina média foi encontrado o maior valor médio de microdureza (29,9 KH), o qual foi estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) das outras regiões avaliadas. Na análise morfológica do esmalte observou-se que os grupos irradiados com dose de 30 Gy e 60 Gy mostraram maiores alteração da superfície do esmalte, em comparação ao esmalte não irradiado para todas as regiões analisadas, o mesmo ocorrendo na dentina. Na análise química do esmalte e da dentina irradiados, quando comparados aos espécimes não irradiados, observou-se redução de oxigênio (O) e aumento de cálcio (Ca). Conclui-se que a irradiação de dentes decíduos com Co-60 influenciou a microdureza longitudinal do esmalte e da dentina, dependendo da dose e da área irradiada. No esmalte como um todo, a microdureza aumentou com a dose cumulativa de 60 Gy, independente da área analisada. Na dentina, não houve alteração dos valores de microdureza após irradiação, independente da área analisada. Com relação à morfologia, foi observada desorganização do esmalte e da dentina, que passaram a apresentar uma superfície amorfa com aumento das doses de irradiação, com maior dificuldade de identificação dos prismas de esmalte e túbulos dentinários, respectivamente. Quimicamente observou-se redução na porcentagem de oxigênio e aumento na porcentagem de cálcio no esmalte e na dentina irradiados. / The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of cobalto-60 (Co 60) irradiation on the properties of enamel and dentin of primary teeth by analysis of: 1 - longitudinal microhardness; 2 morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and 3 chemical composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In the first experiment, enamel and dentin microhardness (n=12 buccal hemisections) was evaluated at 3 depths (superficial, meddle and deep), before and at each 10 Gy irradiation, up to a total cumulative dose of 60 Gy. In the second experiment, enamel and dentin morphology was evaluated by SEM (n=8 hemi-sections), being 2 buccal hemi-sections irradiated with a cumulative dose of 30 Gy, 2 buccal hemi-sections irradiated with a cumulative dose of 60 Gy and 4 non-irradiated palatal hemi-sections. In the third experiment, the chemical elements in enamel and dentin were identified by EDX (n=4 hemi-sections), using the same hemi-sections previously subjected to SEM analysis (irradiated with a cumulative dose of 60 Gy and non-irradiated). In the first experiment, microhardness was evaluated before and after irradiation in the same dental hemi-section (buccal face). In the second and third experiments, the buccal hemi-sections were irradiated and the palatal hemi-sections of the same tooth served as control. After analysis of distribution, data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and Fishers exact test was used for differentiation of means. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Overall, longitudinal microhardness of enamel varied after the different irradiation doses, increasing significantly after the dose of 60 Gy (p<0.05), with values of 191.4 KH (control); 184.7 KH (10 Gy); 184.6 KH (20 Gy); 192.9 KH (30 Gy); 198.2 KH (40 Gy); 204.1 KH (50 Gy) and 211.4 KH (60 Gy). Deep enamel presented the highest mean value of microhardness (206.7 KH), which was significantly different (p<0.05) from the mean values of the other evaluated regions. Overall, after the different irradiation doses, there was statistically significant difference between the longitudinal microhardness values of non-irradiated dentin (28.9 KH) compared with dentin irradiated with doses of 10 Gy (23.8 KH), 20 Gy (25.6 KH), 30 Gy (24.8 KH) and 40 Gy (25.7 KH) (p<0.05). The doses of 50 Gy and 60 Gy presented the same mean value of microhardness (26.7 KH) and differed from the dose of 10 Gy irradiation (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for irradiation with 60 Gy compared with non-irradiated dentin (p>0.05). The highest mean value of microhardness was obtained in the middle dentin (29.9 KH), which was significantly different (p<0.05) from the other analyzed regions. The morphological analysis of enamel and dentin revealed that the groups irradiated with doses of 30 Gy and 60 Gy presented greater surface alterations compared with non-irradiated specimens at all analyzed regions. The chemical analysis of irradiated enamel and dentin compared with non-irradiated specimens revealed a decrease of oxygen and an increase of calcium. In conclusion, irradiation of primary teeth with Co-60 influenced the longitudinal microhardness of enamel and dentin, according to the dose and irradiated region. In enamel as a whole, microhardness increased with the cumulative dose of 60 Gy, regardless of the analyzed region. In dentin, there was no change in the microhardness mean values after irradiation, regardless of the analyzed region. The analysis of morphology revealed that, the increase of the irradiation dose resulted in enamel and dentin disorganization, which presented an amorphous surface with difficulty in identifying enamel prisms and dentin tubules, respectively. The chemical analysis revealed a decrease in the percentage of oxygen and an increase in the percentage of calcium in irradiated enamel and dentin.

O NbAl3 e algumas ligas intermetálicas do sistema Nb-Ni-AI foram sintetizadas por combustão a partir dos pós de seus elementos constituintes. O efeito de variáveis de processo, como o tamanho de partícula dos pós, a composição química, a pressão de compactação, o tratamento de desgaseificação e a taxa de aquecimento, foram investigados na síntese do NbAl3 na forma de pastilhas cilíndricas. A síntese de ligas do sistema Nb-Ni-AI foi realizada a partir de misturas com as composições Nb10Ni70AI, Nb20Ni65AI e Nb30Ni60AI. A microestrutura das amostras reagidas foi caracterizada por microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, EDS e difração de raios-X (método de Rietveld). Foram obtidas pastilhas de NbAl3 com 98,5 % da densidade teórica, superior ao valor encontrado na literatura (95%), mediante o controle de variáveis de processo. Nas pastilhas contendo níquel, a combustão ocorreu nas pastilhas de todas as composições. Fases metaestáveis, presentes na microestrutura das pastilhas baitas de reação, foram transformadas após tratamento térmico, originando ligas trifásicas com diferentes concentrações de fases (NbAl3, NiAI e NbNiAI), conforme a composição inicial do compactado. Algumas propriedades mecânicas de amostras brutas de reação e tratadas termicamente foram determinadas pela técnica da impressão (microdureza e tenacidade). Os resultados obtidos são comparáveis aos da literatura, salvo algumas discrepâncias atribuídas a processos de fabricação distintos. As etapas de reação da síntese do NbAl3 e de ligas Nb-Ni-AI foram posteriormente investigadas mediante interrupção da reação durante sua propagação ao longo de barras paralelepipédicas compactadas. Verificou-se que a síntese do NbAl3 ocorre pela dissolução de nióbio no alumínio fundido, seguida da precipitação do NbAl3. Nas amostras contendo níquel, a síntese ocorre em dois estágios: no primeiro estágio formam-se o Ni2Al3 ou o NiAl3, em quantidades relativas dependentes da composição geral. As reações deste primeiro estágio podem disparar as reações do segundo estágio, referentes à síntese do NbAl3. / NbAl3 and Nb-Ni-AI intermetallic alloys have been obtained by pressureless combustion synthesis from elemental powders. The effects of process variables as powder particle size, composition, compaction pressure (green density), degassing treatment and heating rate on the combustion (thermal explosion mode) of NbAl3 cylindrical pellets were studied. Combustion synthesis of Nb-Ni-AI alloys was performed on powder mixtures with nominal compositions Nb10Ni70AI, Nb20Ni65AI and Nb30NI60AI. The microstructure of reacted samples was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, EDS and X-ray diffraction (Rietveld method). It was shown that careful control of the processing conditions allowed near full (98,5%) dense pellets of NbAl3. In the nickel containing pellets, reaction occurred for all the compositions investigated. Metastable phases were seen to be present in the as reacted pellets, which were transformed after a heat treatment, producing a three phase alloy (NbAl3, NiAI and NbNiAI) with different phase concentrations, depending on the initial compact composition. Some mechanical properties, like microhardness and tenacity were measured by microidentation technique on the as reacted and heat-treated samples. The results are comparable with the literature, excepted for some discrepancies caused by different fabrication processes. The reaction sequence for both cases (NbAl3 and Nb-Ni-AI alloys) was further investigated by DSC analysis and also by interrupting the reaction during its propagation along compacted parallelopipedal bars. It was found that the NbAl3 synthesis occurs through niobium dissolution in molten aluminum and precipitation of NbAl3. In the nickel containing samples, synthesis occurs as two-stage reaction: Ni2Al3 or NiAl3 are formed in the first stage, with relative amounts depending on the general composition. This first stage reaction can trigger the second one, related to the formation of NbAl3.

The mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) with 10 and 20 vol% particulate inclusions of commercially available nano-sized alpha-phase silicon carbide (a-SiC) or micron-sized titanium diboride (TiB2) were investigated so as to produce a fine-grained material with high hardness, toughness, and overall strength in order to increase the effectiveness of B4C as a structural ceramic, whose use in the field has been limited because of the extreme brittle nature of the material. Full density sintering of the ceramics (≥99% theoretical) was completed using the novel Plasma Pressure Compaction (P²C®) technique, which limited grain growth due to a reduced processing temperature and a significantly reduced consolidation time. The reinforced ceramic composites had particulate grains homogeneously distributed within the B4C matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the constituents did not interdiffuse. The four-point flexure strength for the monolithic B4C ceramic was found to be significantly larger than any recorded value found in scientific literature, and was most likely attributed to the fine-grained microstructure resulting from the P²C® processing. The mechanical properties of the nano-sized a-SiC-B4C ceramics showed a slight increase in the Chevron-notched four-point bend fracture toughness due to the crack deflection toughening mechanism. A slight decrease in the Vickers microhardness and the static elastic modulus values were also observed. A significant increase in the fracture toughness as well as a slight increase in the microhardness and elastic modulus of the micron-sized TiB2-B4C materials was found. The toughening mechanism of this composite was attributed to the slight chemical bond between the B4C matrix and the ultra-small, ultra-tough TiB2 particulates, which forced a propagating crack to completely rip apart the TiB2 reinforcing particles. This cleaving nature resulted in significant amounts of energy being absorbed by the micron-sized particulates. It was concluded that the composite with 20 vol% TiB2 allowed for the largest gain in toughness because it possessed the largest number of ultra small, ultra tough particulate-cracktip interactions.

La technologie de projection plasma atmosphérique (APS) est largement utilisée pour des applications industrielles. Les revêtements élaborés par APS présentent généralement certains défauts. Les travaux effectués dans cette étude ont consisté à étudier et à développer un nouveau moyen pour assurer à la fois un refroidissement efficace au cours de procédé de projection APS et une adaptation des conditions superficielles en vue d’élaborer des revêtements de haute qualité. Ce moyen consiste à la projection de glace carbonique (glace sèche ou dioxyde de carbone solide) en association avec la projection plasma. Des simulations numériques ont été réalisées, qui ont permis de constater que les dimensions de la buse de projection de glace carbonique, la pression du gaz propulsif, et les propriétés des pellets de CO2 influencent sensiblement la vitesse des pellets de CO2. A partir de ces éléments, des dimensions optimales ont été évaluées. Afin d’examiner l’effet de la projection de glace carbonique sur les revêtements réalisés par projection thermique, plusieurs types de matériaux ont été considérés, trois métalliques (acier, CoNiCrAlY et aluminium pur) et trois céramiques (Al2O3, Cr2O3 et ZrO2-Y2O3). Les microstructures des revêtements metalliques réalisés avec projection de glace sèche présentent moins d'oxydes et moins de porosité par rapport à ceux déposés par APS classique. Dans certains cas l’adhérence peut aussi être améliorée. Pour les revêtements céramiques, une réduction de la porosité ainsi qu’une amélioration significative de l’adhérence des revêtements ont été constatés. Pour le dépôt de ZrO2-Y2O3, la résistance aux chocs thermiques a été améliorée en utilisant des paramètres spécifiques. La projection de CO2 peut légèrement déformer la surface des substrats de faible dureté, et nettoyer les pollutions superficielles sur le substrat et conduire à une contrainte de compression plus élevée et à un refroidissement efficace. Il est à noter toutefois qu’un problème de condensation de la vapeur d’eau peut intervenir en cas de refroidissement du substrat trop important. / The technology of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is widely used for industrial applications. The coatings produced by APS generally show defects. The work was conducted to investigate and develop a new method to ensure both an effective cooling during the APS process and the adaptation of the surface condition in order to develop high quality coatings. This solution is dry ice (CO2) blasting in combination with thermal spraying. Firstly, numerical simulations were carried out, which revealed that the nozzle size of dry ice blasting, the propellant pressure and the properties of CO2 pellets, significantly affect the velocity of CO2 pellets. From these elements, the optimal dimensions were evaluated. To examine the effects of dry ice blasting on the coatings produced by thermal spraying, several types of materials were considered, three metals (steel, CoNiCrAlY and pure aluminum) and three ceramics (Al2O3, Cr2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3). The microstructure of metal coatings produced with dry ice blasting show fewer oxides and less porosity compared to those deposited by conventional APS. In some cases the adhesion can be improved. Regarding ceramic coatings, a reduction in porosity and a significant improvement in the coating adhesion were observed. For the deposition of ZrO2-Y2O3, an improvement in thermal shock resistance was achieved using specific parameters. Dry-ice blasting may slightly impact the surface of the substrates with low hardness and could clean the surface pollutions on the substrate and lead to a higher compressive stress and an effective cooling. However, it is noted that the problem of the condensation of water vapor can occur in case of intense cooling of the substrate.

This body of research investigated the bonding efficiency of self-etching primer adhesives to enamel and dentine with various surface characteristics. A series of preliminary experiments was carried out to determine the effect of operator experience, dentine tubule orientation, bond strength test method and resin composite material used on bond strengths. The results of the preliminary tests concluded that it is essential to develop skills in material handling and the test methods used; 2-step self-etching primer adhesives exhibit higher but more variable microshear bond strengths (µSBS) than ‘all-in-one’ adhesives on dentine at different depths and tubule orientations; fracture toughness and bond strength test results suggest that the fracture toughness of a resin composite may not be of significant influence on microtensile and µSBS tests outcomes for nano-filled hybrid materials. / An investigation of the bonding ability of self-etching primer adhesives under various tooth preparation conditions was carried out. Enamel and dentine specimens were prepared from human teeth and finished with various rotary cutting instruments and the erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser. Specimens were bonded with two 2-step self-etching primer adhesives and two ‘all-in-one’ adhesives with a resin composite. The results showed that one of the 2-step adhesives exhibited higher but more variable µSBS than the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives and a silorane-based self-etching primer adhesive system to enamel and dentine. / The relationship between enamel microhardness and µSBS was evaluated. Enamel specimens were prepared and finished with one half of the surface tested for hardness using the Vickers test. The other half of the enamel surface was bonded using either a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive or an ‘all-in-one’ adhesive and a hybrid resin composite. Mean Vickers hardness numbers and µSBS for each enamel surface were calculated. Analysis using Pearson’s parametric test for regression analysis evaluated the correlation between Vickers hardness and µSBS. The results revealed a weak negative insignificant correlation between VHN and µSBS for the 2-step adhesive and no correlation for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive. / The effect of conditioning and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on bonding to bleached and unbleached enamel was investigated. Four groups of enamel specimens: untreated control; bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide gel for 90 min daily x 14 days; treated with CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse, GC Corp., Japan) for 60 min daily x 7 days and bleached and CPP-ACP-treated were used. The specimens were divided into a further two groups and bonded with a total-etch adhesive or a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive. Specimens bonded with the self-etching primer adhesive were sub-divided into four conditioning subgroups before bonding: no conditioning; 30 – 40% phosphoric; 15% EDTA; 20% polyacrylic acid. Specimens were tested in shear mode until failure and analysed by 2-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The µSBS of the total-etch adhesive was not affected by enamel treatment. Bleaching reduced the µSBS of the self-etching primer adhesive but preconditioning with phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid improved bond strengths after CPP-ACP application. Bond failure analysis revealed a predominance of adhesive failures after bleaching, but prior conditioning reduced the proportion of adhesive failures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the interfacial morphology produced by the 2-step self-etching primer adhesive was independent of enamel treatment except after bleaching. Phosphoric acid etching was not inhibited by CPP-ACP treatment. Resin tag formation was observed with prior phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid conditioning. / The effect of conditioning and CPP-ACP application on dentine bonding was also investigated. Dentine specimens with and without the smear layer were prepared and divided into a further two groups, CPP-ACP paste applied to one group for 60 min daily x 7 days and the other group was untreated. The two groups were divided into three subgroups for conditioning: no conditioning; 30 - 40% phosphoric acid; 20% polyacrylic acid. The dentine was bonded using a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive and an ‘all-in-one’ adhesive, and tested as previously described. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at α = 0.05. The results showed that the µSBS of both adhesives were not significantly affected on smear-covered dentine but was affected on smearless dentine. Conditioning did not improve bond strengths. Bond failure analysis showed more adhesive failures for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive, particularly on smearless dentine and with prior polyacrylic acid conditioning. SEM revealed a similar morphology of the bonded interface for the 2-step self-etching primer adhesive regardless of conditioning; and areas of bond failures for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive. / The 2-step self-etching primer adhesives exhibited higher bond strength and more regular bond integrity than the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives, as shown on the SEM observations. However, the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives exhibited less variability in bond strengths to tooth surface characteristics.

Hydrogen is the smallest element in the periodical table. It has been shown in several studies that hydrogen has a large influence on the corrosion and cracking behaviour of stainless steels. Hydrogen is involved in several of the most common cathode reactions during corrosion and can also cause embrittlement in many stainless steels. Some aspects of the effect of hydrogen on corrosion and hydrogen-induced stress cracking, HISC, of stainless steels were studied in this work. These aspects relate to activation of test specimens for uniform corrosion testing, modification of a test cell for dewpoint corrosion testing and the mechanism of hydrogen-induced stress cracking. The results from uniform corrosion testing of superduplex stainless steels indicated that there is a large difference between passive and activated surfaces in hydrochloric acid and in lower concentrations of sulphuric acid. Hence, initial activation of the test specimen until hydrogen evolution can have a large influence on the results. This may provide another explanation for the differences in iso-corrosion curves for superduplex stainless steels that have previously been attributed to alloying with copper and/or tungsten. In concentrated sulphuric acid, potential oscillations were observed; these oscillations activated the specimen spontaneously. Due to these potential oscillations the influence of activation was negligible in this acid. An experimental set-up was developed for testing dewpoint corrosion of stainless steels in a condensate containing 1 % hydrochloric acid. There was an existing experimental set-up that had to be modified in order to avoid azeotroping of the water and hydrogen chloride system. A separate flask with hydro chloric acid was included in the experimental set-up. The final set-up provided reasonably good agreement with field exposures in contrary to much higher corrosion rates in the original set-up. Relaxation and low temperature creep experiments have been performed with several stainless steels in this work. The aim was to understand how creep and relaxation relates to material properties and the relative ranking between the tested materials. For low temperature creep with a load generating stresses below the yield strength, as well relaxation at stress levels above and below the yield strength, the same ranking with respect to changes in mechanical properties of the steel grades was found. For low temperature creep with a load level above the yield strength, the same ranking was not obtained. This effect can most probably be explained by annihilation and generation of dislocations. During low temperature creep above the yield strength, dislocations were generated. In addition, low temperature creep experiments were performed forone superduplex stainless steel in two different product forms with differentaustenite spacing in the microstructure. The superduplex material experienced low temperature creep at a lower load level for the material with large austenite spacing compared to the one with smaller austenite spacing. Also this differenceis influenced by dislocations. In a material with small austenite spacing the dislocations have more obstacles that they can be locked up against. Studies of the fracture surfaces of hydrogen induced stress cracking, HISC, tested duplex stainless steels showed that HISC is a hydrogen-enhanced localised plasticity, HELP, mechanism. Here a mechanism that takes into account the inhomogeneous deformation of duplex stainless steels was proposed. This mechanism involves an interaction between hydrogen diffusion and plastic straining. Due to the different mechanical properties of the phases in a superduplex stainless steel, plastic straining due to low temperature creep can occur in the softer ferrite phase. A comparison between low temperature creep data showed that for the coarser grained material, HISC occurs at the load levelwhen creep starts. However, in the sample with small austenite spacing, HISC did not occur at this load level. Microhardness measurements indicated that the hydrogen level in the ferrite was not high enough to initiate cracking in the coarser material. The proposed mechanism shows that occurrence of HISC is an interaction between local plasticity and hydrogen diffusion. / QC20100618

O Brasil, à semelhança de outros países, está envelhecendo rapidamente. Os indivíduos com mais de 60 anos compõem hoje o segmento que mais cresce em termos proporcionais, mostrando um incremento da ordem de 500%, em 40 anos. A estimativa para o ano de 2020 é de que o Brasil tenha em torno de 32 milhões de indivíduos idosos, e desta população, uma parcela significativa será parcial ou totalmente desdentada, necessitando de aparelhos protéticos. Apesar da Odontologia apresentar avanços científicos notáveis na reabilitação da saúde bucal, muitos ainda usarão estes aparelhos. Sabe-se que o uso contínuo de próteses pode propiciar o desenvolvimento da estomatite protética, cuja etiologia é multifatorial, destacando-se principalmente a má higiene bucal e da prótese, e geralmente associada à presença de Candida albicans. Desta forma, há necessidade de se propor um método de desinfecção, que se mostre eficaz, que seja seguro quanto à toxicidade, que represente baixo risco ocupacional, que seja de fácil manuseio e que não interfira nas propriedades dos materiais utilizados na confecção destes aparelhos. Portanto, a proposição deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de dois métodos de desinfecção, nas propriedades das resinas acrílicas empregadas na confecção das próteses.As propriedades avaliadas foram: resistência e módulo de flexão, resistência ao impacto Izod, microdureza Knoop, rugosidade, massa específica e grau de inchamento, grau de conversão do monômero, temperatura de transição vítrea, sorção e solubilidade. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados de acordo com os requisitos de cada ensaio, tanto para os grupos controle (sem tratamento), quanto para os tratados (submetidos a um dos processos de desinfecção). Os tratamentos de desinfecção consistiram de: a) irradiação com energia de microondas na potência de 840 W, durante 1 minuto; b) imersão em ácido peracético durante 5 minutos. A eficácia da desinfecção foi avaliada através de ensaios microbiológicos que consistiram em verificar o crescimento no meio de cultura e na superfície do corpo de prova de Candida albicans, após a desinfecção dos corpos de prova, previamente contaminados com uma cepa conhecida do fungo (ATCC 10231). Como as resinas acrílicas são materiais muito utilizados em todas as áreas de atuação da Odontologia, o conhecimento das suas propriedades é de interesse do cirurgião-dentista. As resinas acrílicas tipo 1 (de termopolimerização), tipo 2 (quimicamente ativada) e tipo 5 (ativada por microondas) foram avaliadas neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que as resinas acrílicas tipo 1 e tipo 5 apresentam valores semelhantes em todas as propriedades analisadas. A resina acrílica tipo 2 apresentou valores inferiores àqueles encontrados nas tipo 1 e 5. O ciclo de polimerização com melhores resultados foi aquele proposto pelo respectivo fabricante daresina acrílica. A presença de fibras de nylon e de corante não influenciou as propriedades da resina acrílica tipo 5. Das técnicas de desinfecção, a imersão em ácido peracético apresentou os melhores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas ao longo do tempo de 20 meses. Por outro lado a irradiação de microondas, a longo prazo, apresentou os piores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas. Ambas as técnicas de desinfecção foram eficazes do ponto de vista microbiológico. Mas, para o uso prolongado, a técnica de desinfecção com ácido peracético pode ser recomendada com toda a segurança, no que diz respeito às propriedades avaliadas neste trabalho. / Brazil, similar to other countries, is aging quickly. The individuals with more than 60 years old compose today the segment that more grows in proportional terms, showing an increment of about 500% in 40 years. The estimate for 2020 is that Brazil has around 32 million elderly and a significant parcel of them will be partial or totally toothless, needing prosthetic equipments. In spite of notable scientific advance in the rehabilitation of the oral health, many people still will use these equipments. The continuous use of the prosthesis can propitiate the development of denture stomatitis, whose etiology is multifactorial, being generally, associated to the presence of fungus Candida albicans. Bad oral hygiene and prosthesis is still distinguished as factor of risk. Therefore, it very necessary for the elderly a efficient, safe and easy handling method of disinfection with low occupational risk and that doesn’t intervene with the properties of the materials used in the confection of these prosthetic equipments. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of two disinfection methods on the properties of acrylic resin used in the confection of dental prosthesis. Samples had been confectioned in accordance with the requirements of each test for the control groups (without treatment), as for the treated (submitted to one of the disinfection process). The evaluated properties had been resistance and module of flexure, Izod impact, Knoop microhardness, rugosity, specific mass and degree of swelling, degree of conversion of monomer, glass transition temperature, sorption and solubility. The treatments of disinfection had consisted of: a) irradiation with energy of microwaves, in the power of 840 W, during 1 min, or b) immersion in peracetic acid during 5 min. The effectiveness of the disinfection was evaluated by means of microbiological tests, in which was verified the occurrence of growth of Candida albicans through of culture and sample surface. For that, the samples were previously contaminated with one type of fungus (known as ATCC 10231) and, after, submitted to one of the two considered processes of disinfection. The work was studied the behavior of three commercial acrylic resins of dental use: acrylic resins of thermal polymerization, self-polymerization and polymerization for energy of microwaves (type 1, 2 and 5 respectively) from two different suppliers The results had shown that the acrylic resins of type 1 and type 5 presented similar values in all the analyzed properties. The acrylic resins of type 2 had also similar values in all the properties, but statistically lower than ones of type 1 and 5. The best polymerization cycle, which did not modify the resin properties, was that one considered by the respective manufacturer of the acrylic resin. The nylon fiber presence and colouring did not influence the properties of the acrylic resin of type 5. The first irradiation with microwaves significantlyincreased the evaluated properties and the first immersion in peracetic acid did not modify these properties, in comparison to the control groups. After 20 months, the immersion in peracetic acid did not modify the properties of the material, while the microwave irradiation showed alterations in some properties. Both disinfection techniques had been efficient of the microbiological point of view. On the basis of these results, can be concluded that the microwave irradiation after the polymerization of the material (first cycle), can be recommended, since it increased all the values of the evaluated properties, specially to the conversion degree monomer/polymer. Nevertheless, for prolonged use, the disinfection by means of the immersion in peracetic acid must be recommended, it is efficient for elimination of fungal microorganism and security, characterized for the maintenance of the properties of the acrylic resin evaluated in this work.

O Brasil, à semelhança de outros países, está envelhecendo rapidamente. Os indivíduos com mais de 60 anos compõem hoje o segmento que mais cresce em termos proporcionais, mostrando um incremento da ordem de 500%, em 40 anos. A estimativa para o ano de 2020 é de que o Brasil tenha em torno de 32 milhões de indivíduos idosos, e desta população, uma parcela significativa será parcial ou totalmente desdentada, necessitando de aparelhos protéticos. Apesar da Odontologia apresentar avanços científicos notáveis na reabilitação da saúde bucal, muitos ainda usarão estes aparelhos. Sabe-se que o uso contínuo de próteses pode propiciar o desenvolvimento da estomatite protética, cuja etiologia é multifatorial, destacando-se principalmente a má higiene bucal e da prótese, e geralmente associada à presença de Candida albicans. Desta forma, há necessidade de se propor um método de desinfecção, que se mostre eficaz, que seja seguro quanto à toxicidade, que represente baixo risco ocupacional, que seja de fácil manuseio e que não interfira nas propriedades dos materiais utilizados na confecção destes aparelhos. Portanto, a proposição deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de dois métodos de desinfecção, nas propriedades das resinas acrílicas empregadas na confecção das próteses.As propriedades avaliadas foram: resistência e módulo de flexão, resistência ao impacto Izod, microdureza Knoop, rugosidade, massa específica e grau de inchamento, grau de conversão do monômero, temperatura de transição vítrea, sorção e solubilidade. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados de acordo com os requisitos de cada ensaio, tanto para os grupos controle (sem tratamento), quanto para os tratados (submetidos a um dos processos de desinfecção). Os tratamentos de desinfecção consistiram de: a) irradiação com energia de microondas na potência de 840 W, durante 1 minuto; b) imersão em ácido peracético durante 5 minutos. A eficácia da desinfecção foi avaliada através de ensaios microbiológicos que consistiram em verificar o crescimento no meio de cultura e na superfície do corpo de prova de Candida albicans, após a desinfecção dos corpos de prova, previamente contaminados com uma cepa conhecida do fungo (ATCC 10231). Como as resinas acrílicas são materiais muito utilizados em todas as áreas de atuação da Odontologia, o conhecimento das suas propriedades é de interesse do cirurgião-dentista. As resinas acrílicas tipo 1 (de termopolimerização), tipo 2 (quimicamente ativada) e tipo 5 (ativada por microondas) foram avaliadas neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que as resinas acrílicas tipo 1 e tipo 5 apresentam valores semelhantes em todas as propriedades analisadas. A resina acrílica tipo 2 apresentou valores inferiores àqueles encontrados nas tipo 1 e 5. O ciclo de polimerização com melhores resultados foi aquele proposto pelo respectivo fabricante daresina acrílica. A presença de fibras de nylon e de corante não influenciou as propriedades da resina acrílica tipo 5. Das técnicas de desinfecção, a imersão em ácido peracético apresentou os melhores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas ao longo do tempo de 20 meses. Por outro lado a irradiação de microondas, a longo prazo, apresentou os piores resultados para todas as propriedades avaliadas. Ambas as técnicas de desinfecção foram eficazes do ponto de vista microbiológico. Mas, para o uso prolongado, a técnica de desinfecção com ácido peracético pode ser recomendada com toda a segurança, no que diz respeito às propriedades avaliadas neste trabalho. / Brazil, similar to other countries, is aging quickly. The individuals with more than 60 years old compose today the segment that more grows in proportional terms, showing an increment of about 500% in 40 years. The estimate for 2020 is that Brazil has around 32 million elderly and a significant parcel of them will be partial or totally toothless, needing prosthetic equipments. In spite of notable scientific advance in the rehabilitation of the oral health, many people still will use these equipments. The continuous use of the prosthesis can propitiate the development of denture stomatitis, whose etiology is multifactorial, being generally, associated to the presence of fungus Candida albicans. Bad oral hygiene and prosthesis is still distinguished as factor of risk. Therefore, it very necessary for the elderly a efficient, safe and easy handling method of disinfection with low occupational risk and that doesn’t intervene with the properties of the materials used in the confection of these prosthetic equipments. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of two disinfection methods on the properties of acrylic resin used in the confection of dental prosthesis. Samples had been confectioned in accordance with the requirements of each test for the control groups (without treatment), as for the treated (submitted to one of the disinfection process). The evaluated properties had been resistance and module of flexure, Izod impact, Knoop microhardness, rugosity, specific mass and degree of swelling, degree of conversion of monomer, glass transition temperature, sorption and solubility. The treatments of disinfection had consisted of: a) irradiation with energy of microwaves, in the power of 840 W, during 1 min, or b) immersion in peracetic acid during 5 min. The effectiveness of the disinfection was evaluated by means of microbiological tests, in which was verified the occurrence of growth of Candida albicans through of culture and sample surface. For that, the samples were previously contaminated with one type of fungus (known as ATCC 10231) and, after, submitted to one of the two considered processes of disinfection. The work was studied the behavior of three commercial acrylic resins of dental use: acrylic resins of thermal polymerization, self-polymerization and polymerization for energy of microwaves (type 1, 2 and 5 respectively) from two different suppliers The results had shown that the acrylic resins of type 1 and type 5 presented similar values in all the analyzed properties. The acrylic resins of type 2 had also similar values in all the properties, but statistically lower than ones of type 1 and 5. The best polymerization cycle, which did not modify the resin properties, was that one considered by the respective manufacturer of the acrylic resin. The nylon fiber presence and colouring did not influence the properties of the acrylic resin of type 5. The first irradiation with microwaves significantlyincreased the evaluated properties and the first immersion in peracetic acid did not modify these properties, in comparison to the control groups. After 20 months, the immersion in peracetic acid did not modify the properties of the material, while the microwave irradiation showed alterations in some properties. Both disinfection techniques had been efficient of the microbiological point of view. On the basis of these results, can be concluded that the microwave irradiation after the polymerization of the material (first cycle), can be recommended, since it increased all the values of the evaluated properties, specially to the conversion degree monomer/polymer. Nevertheless, for prolonged use, the disinfection by means of the immersion in peracetic acid must be recommended, it is efficient for elimination of fungal microorganism and security, characterized for the maintenance of the properties of the acrylic resin evaluated in this work.

Placas oclusais são dispositivos intraorais utilizados no manejo de pacientes que apresentam desordens do sono, migrânia do tipo tensional e outros. No entanto são os cirurgiões dentistas que predominantemente utilizam as placas oclusais como tratamento do equilíbrio das arcadas dentárias nas disfunções temporomandibulares, prevenção de desgaste dental em pacientes com hábitos parafuncionais e na prevenção de traumas em atletas. Vários métodos têm sido empregados para reforçar resinas acrílicas, como reforço metálico e atualmente a incorporação de diferentes tipos de fibras tais como: carbono, polietileno e vidro. Contudo a adição de fibras de vidro com partículas menores em algumas propriedades mecânicas ainda permanecem desconhecidas. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar algumas propriedades mecânicas como a rugosidade de superfície, microdureza, módulo de elasticidade e resistência flexural em resinas acrílicas após a incorporação de fibras de vidro particuladas pré silanizadas. Material e método: Para avaliação das propriedades foram confeccionados vinte e quatro corpos de prova (65 x 10 x 3 mm) de cada marca comercial de resina acrílica, utilizadas para confecção de placas oclusais, Vipi Flash (autopolimerizável), Vipi Wave (termopolimerizável por calor de microondas), Vipi Crill, Lucitone e QC-20 (termopolimerizáveis por calor de banho de água), sendo doze corpos-de-prova controles, e doze experimentais, com adição de 10% em peso de fibras de vidro particuladas (Reforplás S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Após a realização do acabamento superficial dos corpos de prova com lixas de carborundum e feltros era realizada a avaliação da rugosidade superficial em rugosímetro (Mitutoyo®) com três leituras ao longo dos corpos-de-prova, a microdureza Vickers era analisada em um microdurômetro (Micro Hardness Tester, Shimadzu, Japan) com cinco mensurações em cada corpo-de-prova, e para avaliar os ensaios de resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade os corpos-de-prova foram avaliados por meio uma máquina de ensaios universal (Emic DL 2000®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), com velocidade de 5mm/min. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, usando testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, de acordo com a distribuição da amostra. Resultados: As médias e desvios padrões do teste de rugosidade superficial em Ra foram Vipi Flash sem fibra (0,10 ± 0,03); Vipi Flash com fibra (0,12 ± 0,01); Vipi Wave sem fibra (0,16 ± 0,02); Vipi Wave com fibra (0,13 ± 0,02); Vipi Cril sem fibra (0,12 ± 0,03); Vipi Crill com fibra (0,15 ± 0,03); Lucitone sem fibra (0,10 ± 0,02); Lucitone com fibra (0,09 ± 0,04); QC-20 sem fibra (0,11 ± 0,02) e QC-20 com fibra (0,18 ± 0,03). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de microdureza Knoop com relação às marcas comerciais foram: Vipi Flash sem fibra (15,35 ± 0,3); Vipi Flash com fibra (15,51 ± 0,4); Vipi Wave sem fibra (16,60 ± 0,8); Vipi Wave com fibra (17,25 ± 0,9); Vipi Cril sem fibra (17,78 ± 2,27); Vipi Crill com fibra (18,02 ± 1,0); Lucitone sem fibra (15,72 ± 0,3); Lucitone com fibra (16,69 ± 0,6); QC-20 sem fibra (15,91 ± 0,4) e QC-20 com fibra (15,63 ± 0,2). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de módulo de elasticidade foram: Vipi Flash sem fibra (2952,76 ± 292,12); Vipi Flash com fibra (3373,49 ± 403,76); Vipi Wave sem fibra (2511,69 ± 304,09); Vipi Wave com fibra (3225,01 ± 248,66); Vipi Cril sem fibra (2745,61± 288,86); Vipi Crill com fibra (3671,67 ± 329,91); Lucitone sem fibra (1904,53 ± 149,05); Lucitone com fibra (3056,87 ± 126,11); QC-20 sem fibra (1913,86 ± 147,80) e QC-20 com fibra (2858,32 ± 185,26). As médias e desvios-padrão ao teste de resistência flexural foram Vipi Flash sem fibra (81,62 ± 4,82); Vipi Flash com fibra (83,98 ± 4,98); Vipi Wave sem fibra (83,52 ± 8,79); Vipi Wave com fibra (88,98± 8,47); Vipi Cril sem fibra (64,17± 5,46); Vipi Crill com fibra (93,37 ± 9,97); Lucitone sem fibra (74,71± 9,43); Lucitone com fibra (87,29 ± 4,73); QC-20 sem fibra (75,80 ± 8,82) e QC-20 com fibra (81,67± 12,97). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a incorporação de fibras provocou alterações em praticamente todas as propriedades analisadas, sendo, portanto facilmente utilizável como um reforço adicional às resinas acrílicas. Com relação à dureza superficial as resinas acrílicas termopolimerizável por banho de água e termopolimerizável por calor de microondas apresentaram maiores valores quando comparados com a resina acrílica autopolimerizável. Além disso, a adição de fibras de vidro particuladas aumentou os valores de rugosidade de algumas resinas acrílicas Vipi Crill, Vipi Flash e Vipi Wave e se manteve constante nas resinas Lucitone e QC-20. A adição de fibra de vidro não aumentou significantemente a microdureza Knoop nos grupos em estudo. Com relação à resistência flexural as fibras de vidro particuladas aumentaram significantemente todos os valores, assim como o módulo de elasticidade das resinas acrílicas reforçadas pela adição de fibras de vidro. / Intraoral Occlusal splints are devices used in the management of patients with sleep disorders, migraine type tension and others. But dentists who are predominantly using the plates as a treatment of occlusal balance of the dental arches in temporomandibular disorders, prevention of tooth wear in patients with habits and prevention of injuries in athletes. Several methods have been used to strengthen acrylic resins, such as metal reinforcement and are currently incorporating different types of fibers such as carbon, polyethylene and glass. However the addition of glass fibers with smaller particles on mechanical properties are still unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate some mechanical properties such as surface roughness, hardness, elastic modulus and flexural strength in acrylic resins after the incorporation of glass fiber particulate pre silanized. Methods: To evaluate the properties were made twenty-four specimens (65 x 10 x 3 mm) of each brand of acrylic resin, used for fabrication of occlusal splints, Vipi Flash (self-curing), Vipi Wave (by thermo microwave heat), Vipi CRILL, Lucitone and QC-20 (thermo heat water bath), with twelve specimes controls, and twelve experimental, with the addition of 10 wt% glass fiber particulate (Reforplás S / A, São Paulo, Brazil). After completion of the roughness of the specimens with grit carborundum and felt it was evaluated the surface roughness on roughness tester (Mitutoyo ®) with three readings over the specimes, the microhardness was examined with a hardness ( Micro Hardness Tester, Shimadzu, Japan) with five measurements in each specime, and evaluate the tests for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimes was evaluated using a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000 ®, Emic, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil), with speed 5mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, according to the sample distribution. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the test surface roughness were Vipi Flash without fiber (0.10 ± 0.03); Flash Vipi with fiber (0.12 ± 0.01); Vipi Wave without fiber (0, 16 ± 0.02); Vipi Wave with fiber (0.13 ± 0.02); Vipi Cril without fiber (0.12 ± 0.03); Vipi CRILL with fiber (0.15 ± 0.03); Lucitone without fiber (0.10 ± 0.02); Lucitone with fiber (0.09 ± 0.04), QC-20 fiber without (0.11 ± 0.02) and QC-20 with fiber (0.18 ± 0.03). Means and standard deviations for Knoop microhardness test with respect to trademarks were Vipi Flash without fiber (15.35 ± 0.3); Flash Vipi with fiber (15.51 ± 0.4); Vipi Wave without fiber (16.60 ± 0.8); Vipi Wave with fiber (17.25 ± 0.9); Vipi Cril without fiber (17.78 ± 2.27); Vipi CRILL with fiber (18.02 ± 1.0 ); Lucitone without fiber (15.72 ± 0.3); Lucitone with fiber (16.69 ± 0.6), QC-20 without fiber (15.91 ± 0.4) and QC-20 with fiber (15 , 63 ± 0.2). Means and standard deviations to test elastic modulus were Vipi Flash without fiber (2952.76 ± 292.12); Flash Vipi with fiber (3373.49 ± 403.76); Vipi Wave without fiber (2511.69 ± 304.09); Vipi Wave with fiber (3225.01 ± 248.66); Vipi Cril without fiber (2745.61 ± 288.86); Vipi CRILL with fiber (3671.67 ± 329.91); Lucitone without fiber (1904.53 ± 149.05); Lucitone with fiber (3056.87 ± 126.11), QC-20 without fiber (1913.86 ± 147.80) and QC-20 with fiber (2858.32 ± 185 26). Means and standard deviations for flexural strength were Vipi Flash without fiber (81.62 ± 4.82); Flash Vipi with fiber (83.98 ± 4.98); Vipi Wave without fiber (83.52 ± 8 , 79); Vipi Wave with fiber (88.98 ± 8.47); Vipi Cril without fiber (64.17 ± 5.46); Vipi CRILL with fiber (93.37 ± 9.97); Lucitone without fiber ( 74.71 ± 9.43); Lucitone with fiber (87.29 ± 4.73), QC-20 without fiber (75.80 ± 8.82) and QC-20 with fiber (81.67 ± 12.97). Conclusion: the conclusion is that the incorporation of fibers resulted in changes in almost all properties examined, and thus easily used as an additional reinforcement for acrylic resins. With respect to the surface roughness of acrylic resins by thermo water bath and microwave thermo heat showed higher values when compared with acrylic resin. Moreover, the addition of glass fiber particulate increased the roughness values of some acrylic resins Vipi CRILL, Vipi Flash and Vipi Wave and remained constant in the resins Lucitone and QC-20. The addition of glass fiber does not increase significantly the microhardness in the groups. With respect to flexural strength glass fiber particulate significantly increased all values, as well as the modulus of acrylic resin reinforced by the addition of glass fibers.