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Die Überlebensrate von Reanimations-Patienten ist seit Jahrzehnten gleichbleibend gering. Die milde therapeutische Hypothermie (MTH) hat als bisher einzige Therapieoption gezeigt, dass das Gesamtüberleben und neurologische Outcome nach Wiedererlangen eines Kreislaufs signifikant verbessert wurde. Eine mögliche Kühlungsmethode ist die Hochvolumengabe 2-4°C kalter Infusionen zur Induktion und Aufrechterhaltung einer Körperkerntemperatur (KKT) von <34°C über 12-24 Stunden. Da nach kardiopulmonaler Reanimation häufig eine myokardiale Dysfunktion sowie eine systemische Entzündungsreaktion (SIRS) mit einhergehender Kreislaufinstabilität im Rahmen des Postreanimationssyndroms (PCAS) auftreten, könnten Bedenken bezüglich der Induktion eines Lungenödems bestehen. In dieser Arbeit wurde daher der Einfluss von kalten Infusionen auf die respiratorische Funktion untersucht. Ebenfalls wurde evaluiert, inwiefern sich die milde therapeutische Hypothermie auf die Katecholamin-Dosierung zur Kreislaufstabilisierung sowie auf Herz-Kreislauf-Parameter auswirkt. Dazu wurden retrospektiv die Daten von 166 Patienten bezüglich respiratorischer Parameter und von 159 Patienten bezüglich kardialer Parameter während des Kühlungszeitraums statistisch analysiert. Respiratorische Daten: Die Ejektionsfraktion (EF) betrug bei Aufnahme 34,8%. Dies entspricht einer mittelgradig eingeschränkten linksventrikulären (LV)-Funktion. Bei Ankunft auf der Intensivstation betrug der Horovitz-Quotient (PaO2/FiO2) als Maß für die Oxygenierungsfunktion der Lunge 210 mmHg bei einem PEEP von 7 mbar. Dies entspricht einem milden bis moderaten akuten Atemnotsyndrom (ARDS). Bis zu einer Zieltemperatur von ≤34°C (4,5 h) wurden 3.279 ml kaltes Volumen infundiert. Der Horovitz-Quotient verblieb dennoch unverändert bei 210 mmHg, der PEEP bei 7 mbar. Es zeigte sich ein schwacher, aber signifikanter, negativer linearer Zusammenhang zwischen Horovitz-Quotient und der Menge an infundiertem kaltem Volumen bei einer infundierten Flüssigkeitsmenge zwischen 0-11.000 ml. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Oxygenierungsfunktion der Lunge durch die Volumengabe nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Dennoch sollten aufgrund des schwachen linearen Zusammenhangs von Infusionsmenge und Horovitz-Quotient die respiratorischen Parameter während der Gabe großer Mengen an kaltem Volumen engmaschig überwacht werden. Herz-Kreislauf-Daten: Initial bestand eine mittelgradig eingeschränkte LV-Funktion (EF 34,7%), die sich im Verlauf auf 41,5% verbesserte. Unter MTH konnte die Infusionsrate von Adrenalin signifikant reduziert werden, die Noradrenalin-Dosierung wurde hingegen signifikant erhöht. Die Herzfrequenz sank im gleichen Zeitraum signifikant. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen vorherige Studien, die zeigen, dass die MTH eine positiv inotrope Wirkung besitzt und die HF senkt. Der zusätzliche Bedarf an Vasokonstriktoren ist wahrscheinlich auf eine im Rahmen des PCAS auftretende Vasodilatation zurückzuführen.

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Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are a common cause of sudden cardiac death. Moderate therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is routinely used in post-resuscitation care for anticipated neuroprotective effects. However, the safety of MTH in terms of the electrical stability of the heart has not been satisfactorily proved yet. Also, the increased sympathetic tone in patients with heart failure contributes to a higher incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this work was to verify the safety of MTH as regards the inducibility of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the pig biomodel, especially in relation to spontaneous changes in the kalemia and QT interval. Furthermore, we assumed that renal denervation (RDN) could reduce the inducibility of VF. In the first part of the thesis, the extracorporeal cooling was introduced in fully anesthetized swine (n = 6) to provide MTH. Inducibility of VF was studied by programmed ventricular stimulation (8 basic stimuli with up to 4 extrastimuli) three times in each biomodel under the following conditions: during normothermia (NT), after reaching the core temperature 32 řC (HT) and after another 60 minutes of stable hypothermia (HT60). VF inducibility, effective ventricular refractory period (ERP), QTc interval, and potassium plasma level were measured. In...

Background: There is evidence that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels reflect the intensity of the inflammatory response in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and have a predictive value for clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) on the inflammatory response in patients with CS complicating AMI. Therefore, we conducted a biomarker study to investigate the effect of MTH on MCP-1 levels in patients with CS complicating AMI. Methods: In the randomized mild hypothermia in cardiogenic shock (SHOCK-COOL) trial, 40 patients with CS complicating AMI were enrolled and assigned to MTH (33 ◦C) for 24 h or normothermia at a 1:1 ratio. Blood samples were collected at predefined time points at the day of admission/day 1, day 2 and day 3. Differences in MCP-1 levels between and within the MTH and normothermia groups were assessed. Additionally, the association of MCP-1 levels with the risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days was analyzed. Missing data were accounted for by multiple imputation as sensitivity analyses. Results: There were differences in MCP-1 levels over time between patients in MTH and normothermia groups (P for interaction = 0.013). MCP-1 levels on day 3 were higher than on day 1 in the MTH group (day 1 vs day 3: 21.2 [interquartile range, 0.25–79.9] vs. 125.7 [interquartile range, 87.3–165.4] pg/mL; p = 0.006) and higher than in the normothermia group at day 3 (MTH 125.7 [interquartile range, 87.3–165.4] vs. normothermia 12.3 [interquartile range, 0–63.9] pg/mL; p = 0.011). Irrespective of therapy, patients with higher levels of MCP-1 at hospitalization tended to have a decreased risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days (HR, 2.61; 95% CI 0.997–6.83; p = 0.051). Conclusions: The cooling phase of MTH had no significant effect on MCP-1 levels in patients with CS complicating AMI compared to normothermic control, whereas MCP-1 levels significantly increased after rewarming. Trial registration: NCT01890317.

No description available.

Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the first step to rescue life during cardiac arrest. High mortality even after successful restoration of spontaneous circulation is substantially caused by patophysiological process associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and it is widely called post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). There are many patophysiological mechanisms involved in the development and progress of this syndrom; the key role seems to play oxidative stress, triggering the activation cascade of systemic inflammatory reaction. In our study we have tested different possibilities of influencing the post-cardiac arrest syndrom. In the first experimental study we have compared the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia with controlled normothermia on PCAS in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. In the second study we have compared in the same model the protective effects of mild therapeutic hypothermia, administration of nitric oxide and ischemic postconditioning. Results of the first experiment have revealed that mild therapeutic hypotermia is superior in the resuscitability, maintenance of blood pressure, oxidative stress suppression and organ damage protection than controlled normothermia. In the second experiment we have shown that neither nitric oxide administration, nor ischemic...

It is a major clinical problem that survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have not markedly improved during the last decades, despite extensive research and the introduction of new interventions. However, recent studies have demonstrated promising treatments such as targeted temperature management (TTM) and methylene blue (MB). In our first study, we investigated the effect of MB administered during experi-mental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the setting of postponed hypother-mia in piglets. We set out to study if MB could compensate for a delay to establish targeted TTM. The study demonstrated that MB more than compensated for 30 min delay in induction of TTM. The effect of MB added to that of TTM. The second study examined the effects of TTM and S-PBN on the endothelin system and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) after prolonged CA in a porcine CPR mod-el. The study was designed to understand the cardioprotective mechanism of S-PBN and TTM by their influence on the endothelin system and NOS regulation. We veri-fied for the first time, that these two cardioprotective postresuscitative interventions activate endothelin-1 and its receptors concomitantly with eNOS and nNOS in the myocardium. We concluded that nitric oxide and endothelin pathways are implicated in the postresuscitative cardioprotective effects of TTM. The third study compared survival and hemodynamic effects of low-dose amio-darone and vasopressin to vasopressin in a porcine hypovolemic CA model. The study was designed to evaluate whether resuscitation with amiodarone and vasopressin compared to vasopressin alone would have an impact on resuscitation success, survival, and hemodynamic parameters after hemorrhagic CA. We found that combined resuscitation with amiodarone and vasopressin after hemorrhagic circulatory arrest resulted in greater 3-hour survival, better preserved hemodynamic parameters and smaller myocardial injury compared to resuscitation with vasopressin only. In our fourth study we planned to compare hemodynamic parameters between the treatment group (milrinone, esmolol and vasopressin; MEV) and control group (vasopressin only) during resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest in piglets. The study was designed to demonstrate if MEV treatment improved hemodynamics or cardiac damage compared to controls. We demonstrated that MEV treatment reduced cardiac injury compared with vasopressin alone.