Bakgrund   Utvecklingen av den digitala tekniken i samhället har bidragit till en alltmer digitaliserad hälso- och sjukvård. I takt med digitaliseringen har hjälpmedel så som mobila applikationer utvecklats. Ett område där mobila applikationer har ökat är inom diabetesvården. Diabetes ökar i snabb takt i världen och mobila applikationer kan ses som ett hjälpmedel i patientens egenvård. En av sjuksköterskans kärnkompetenser är informatik och innebär bland annat att sjuksköterskan skall stärka patienter i sin egenvård med hjälp av digitala verktyg.  Syfte  Syftet var att beskriva patienter med diabetes och deras upplevelser och erfarenheter av att använda mobila diabetesapplikationer.     Metod En litteraturöversikt genomfördes och databassökningar utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar, publicerade de senaste fem åren, av kvalitativ och kvantitativ design inkluderades. Vidare kvalitetsgranskades artiklarna enligt Sophiahemmet högskolas bedömningsunderlag och analyserades i tre steg som resulterade i en beskrivande sammanställning innehållande teman och subteman. Resultat  Resultatet sammanställdes i tre övergripande teman som undersökt patienter med diabetes och deras upplevelser och erfarenheter av att använda mobila applikationer: betydelsen av användarvänlighet, behov av stöd samt personliga egenskapers inverkan på upplevelsen.Teknologi, design, tidsåtgång och mätning av hälsodata var viktiga faktorer relaterat till applikationernas användarvänlighet. Kommunikation med vården, utbildning och motivation var andra faktorer som påverkade deltagarnas upplevelse. Resultatet tog även upp upplevda hinder hos användarna.   Slutsats Majoriteten av patienter med diabetes var positiva till att använda mobila applikationer som hjälpmedel i sin egenvård. Det fanns skillnader i patienternas upplevelser och erfarenheter av att använda applikationer. Skillnader kan härledas till patientens egenförmåga, personliga faktorer och tillgången till adekvat stöd. Vidare var användarvänligheten och tekniken avgörande faktorer för om mobila applikationer upplevdes värda att använda. För att erhålla mer evidensbaserad kunskap om patienters upplevelser av att använda mobila applikationer i egenvården bör fler longitudinella studier där patienter använt en och samma applikation under längre tid studeras. / Background  The development of technology has led to an increasingly digitalised healthcare system. Over this period of technological advancement, mobile applications were developed. In the treatment of diabetes care, the use of mobile applications has seen significant growth. The prevalence of diabetes has increased and mobile applications can be used as a tool for patients to administer self-care. A core competency of a nurse is informatics and, within this field, a nurse should direct and assist the patient in the use of digital tools to aid in the patients ability to administer self-care.    Aim  The objective was to describe the experience of patients with diabetes when using diabetes related mobile applications   Method  A literature review was conducted and database searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. Fifteen scientific articles, published in the last five years, of qualitative and quantitative design were included. Furthermore, the articles were quality-reviewed according to Sophiahemmet University's assessment data and analyzed in three steps, which resulted in a descriptive compilation containing themes and sub-themes.  Results  The results were compiled into three overarching themes that examined patients with diabetes and their experiences of using mobile applications: the importance of user-friendliness,the need for supportand the impact of personal characteristics on the experience.Technology, design, time consumption and measurement of health data were important factors related to the user-friendliness of the applications. Communication with health-care providers, education and motivation were other factors that influenced the participants' experience. The result also addressed perceived barriers among users.  Conclusions  The majority of patients with diabetes were positive about using mobile applications as aids in their self-care. There were differences in patients' experiences when using applications. Differences can be attributed to the patient's self-esteem, personal factors, and the availability of adequate support. Furthermore, the user-friendliness and technology were decisive factors for whether mobile applications were perceived as worth using. In order to obtain more evidence-based knowledge about patients' experiences of using mobile applications in self-care, more longitudinal studies where patients have used one and the same application for a longer period of time should be studied.

This research analyzes cyclists' route decision by considering attributes of road safety and security from GPS records of a mobile application in Bogotá. The dataset comprises 3016 georeferenced routes of cyclists registered in the Biko mobile application during February 2018. This database was complemented with accident and thefts records from public entities, a descriptive statistical univariate analysis (RStudio), a Multiple Correspondence Analysis -MCA- (Stata), with multivariate statistical approach, and geographic component (QGIS and ArcGIS). The methods allowed obtaining: [i] a procedure for characterizing quantitative variables per km of route traveled; [ii] Categorization of continuous variables for establishing multivariate relationships through MCA -prerequisite for using this method instead of using surveys (Mobility survey 2019 cyclists' section in Bogotá); [iii] cyclists' commuting patterns with identification of main Origin - Destination zones (UTAM in Bogotá), and [iv] possible initial conditions for the public policies approach in Bogotá, with a continuous comparison between case studies in: Colombia, Latin America, Europe, and the United States, in order to be replicable for any city. ... [From: Introduction]

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues today and companies are looking for ways to lower their carbon emissions. Software companies that develop mobile applications have a carbon footprint through several sources. The application uses networking which consumes energy through data transmission across the internet and data centers. The app consumes energy from the device's battery, which needs to be recharged with part carbon electricity. In this thesis, a literature study was initially conducted in order to investigate and gain knowledge about the different sources of energy consumption associated with a mobile application. An energy savings technique for networking in apps called batching was then tested on a real device. Additionally, different periodic intervals of sending network requests were tested and evaluated in terms of energy consumption. An iOS experiment app was built and run on an iPhone 7. The tests in the app was performed on both WiFi and 4G. The iPhone was altered and connected to a power monitor that was able to sample the energy consumption of the device with high accuracy. The results showed that sending 1000 HTTP GET requests periodically over 5 minutes, consumed 130\% more energy than batching them. On 4G the periodic requests consumed 250\% more energy than batching. The results from testing the request intervals showed that the energy consumption per request was higher for the test with larger intervals.

The purpose of this review of literature was to understand the role of mobile device applications in health related conditions and to analyze their effects on health outcomes related to the management of chronic illnesses. Implications for future use of applications in client-centered care and interpretation of the data by health care providers was also explored. Peer-reviewed, English-language research articles published from 2008 to present were included for synthesis. Study results revealed positive outcomes when health-related mobile applications were used in practice and support clinicians' use of mobile applications as a tool for monitoring symptoms and communicating with individuals. The literature indicated nurses play a significant role in providing feedback, which reinforces self-care strategies and adherence, with the potential for improving outcomes. Additional research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of applications on patient outcomes, nurses' perspectives, and feasibility of implementation into practice.

Selective mutism (SM) is a diagnosis marked by withdrawal of speech in certain social situations. The treatment of SM is often a difficult and lengthy process and there are many barriers to successful intervention. Behavioral therapy is most effective in the treatment of SM and the addition of therapeutic activities such as games and mobile devices may provide distinct advantages to this treatment (i.e., decreased patient anxiety levels and more active engagement). The current investigation examined the utility of mobile applications during the behavioral treatment of SM as well as the effect of using mobile applications on child-reported and physiological indicators of anxious responding. Results indicated that children made remarkable treatment gains in just two treatment sessions (i.e., spoke to the clinician within 22 minutes of treatment and held five, five-minute conversations with additional adults during a second session) regardless of modality of delivery (using mobile applications, other activities, or reinforcement alone). Children shaped to speak with the inclusion of mobile applications reported less anxiety and exhibited decreased physiological anxious distress during treatment. The utility of mobile applications during the treatment of SM is discussed in addition to areas for future research (e.g., mobile-based treatment dissemination initiatives).

Användarchurn är ett stort problem för mobile applikationer, och speciellt för älsoapplikationer. Eftersom mobila applikationer är en så ny industri finns det nästan ingen forskning om churn i mobila applikationer, och ingen forskning alls om fokuserad på churn i hälsoapplikationer. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka vilka dimensioner ett företag med en mobil hälsoapplikation måste ta hänsyn till för att analysera churn, samt att ge dem verktyg för att själva analysera churn i framtiden. Studien gjordes i for m av en case - studie på företaget Lifesum. En omfattande   litteraturstudie genomfördes för att skapa ett initia l ramverk för att analysera churn i en hälsoapplikation. Intervjuer gjordes med både användare samt anställda på Lifesum, med frågor baserade på det initiala ramverket. Resultatet av intervjuerna användes sen för att förbättra ramverket, för att ge en mer korrekt bild av churn i en mobil hälsoapplikation. Resultatet användes också för att skapa en sammanställning av churn på case - företaget Lifesum. Studien resulterade I ett ramverk med flera olika dimensioner, med flera olika kopplingar. De imensioner som främst påverkar churn är användarnöjdhet samt bytesbarriärer, och de är i  in tur influerade av andra faktorer. Analyses av churn i Lifesum - applikationen visar att churn är komplext. Användare har flera olika syften med att använda applikationen, samt ännu fler anledningar till varför de slutar använda appen. Ett diagram som kartlägg er de olika användarna presenteras, men en analys om hur applikationen behöver förändras för att passa behoven av de olika användargrupperna. En  rekommendation ges också till företag att undersöka vilken typ an användare de vill fokusera på, baserat både på vad de kan göra samt vilken riktning de vill att applikationen ska ta. / User churn is a big problem for mobile applications, and in particular for healthapplications. Because mobile applications is such a new industry there is almost no research on churn in mobile applications, and none at all regarding health. The purpose of this research was to explain what dimensions a mobile health application company need to take into account when analyzing churn, and provide them with the tools to analyze churn in the future.The study was done in the form of a case study at the mobile health company Lifesum. An extensive literature study was conducted to create an initial framework for analyzing user churn in a health application. Interviews were conducted with both users and with Lifesum employees, with questions based on the initial framework. The results of the interviews were then used to augment the initial framework, to represent a more accurate image of user churn in a mobile health application. The results of the interviews were also used to create an overview of churn in the specific case study of the Lifesum app.The outcome of the study was a framework with many different dimensions, with intricate connections between them. The main dimensions influencing user churn are user satisfaction and switching barriers, and they are in turn influenced by other factors. The analysis of churn in the Lifesum application shows that churn is complex. Users have many different purposes for using the app, and even more reasons for why they stop using the application. A diagram mapping the different users is presented, with analysis regarding how the app needs to change to cater to the different user groups. A recommendation is also given for companies to investigate which type of users they want to cater to, based on both what they can do and what direction they want the application to go.

Bakgrund    Hypertoni är en allvarlig folksjukdom som kraftigt ökar risken för att utveckla hjärt-kärlsjukdom, stroke, njurproblem och andra livshotande sjukdomar samt för tidig död. Cirka 1,28 miljarder människor lider av hypertoni. Icke påverkansbara riskfaktorer är hög ålder och ärftlighet, påverkansbara riskfaktorer är livsstilsfaktorer och fokus ligger på att sänka blodtryck genom egenvård. Sjuksköterskans omvårdnad i form av stöd till egenvård har en betydande roll och i tiden ligger den snabba utvecklingen av digital hälsa. Här undersöks mobila applikationers möjlighet till att påverka hypertoni och ge stöd till egenvård. Syfte  Syftet med denna icke-systematiska litteraturöversikt var att undersöka effekterna på blodtryck vid användning av mobila applikationer som stöd till egenvård hos personer med hypertoni. Metod Arton kvantitativa artiklar ingår i denna icke-systematiska litteraturöversikt. Artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats med stöd av Sophiahemmets högskolas bedömningsunderlag och är publicerade de senaste tio åren. Artiklarna söktes i PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat Den integrerade dataanalysen resulterade i två teman och fem subteman. De övergripande teman var effekter på blodtryck och påverkan på egenvård.  Resultatet visade att mobila applikationer har potential att fungera som ett viktigt verktyg i syfte att sänka blodtryck och uppnå positiv påverkan på genomförd egenvård. Slutsats En mobil applikation kan vara ett betydande verktyg i sjuksköterskans roll att ge stöd för egenvård hos patienter med hypertoni och därmed kunna hjälpa patienten att uppnå ett lägre blodtryck. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har insikt och kunskap om funktioner och användningsområden för mobila applikationer för att hen ska kunna ge det stöd till egenvård som varje enskild patient är i behov av och därmed kunna ge individanpassad omvårdnad. / Background Hypertension is a serious disease that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney problems, life-threatening diseases and premature death. Approximately 1.28 billion people suffer from hypertension. Uncontrollable risk factors are old age and heredity, controllable risk factors are lifestyle factors with focus on lowering blood pressure through self-care. Nurse's care in the form of support for self-care has a significant role and rapid development of digital health is actual and relevant. The possibility of affecting hypertension by using mobile applications and to mediate support for self-care is examined. Aim The aim of this non-systematic literature review was to investigate the effects on blood pressure when using mobile applications as support to self-care for people with hypertension. Method Eighteen quantitative articles are included in this non-systematic literature review. The articles have been quality checked with the support of Sophiahemmet University's assessment and published in the last ten years. The articles were found in PubMed and CINAHL. Results The integrated data analysis resulted in two themes and five subthemes. The overarching themes were effects on blood pressure and impact on self-care. The results showed that mobile applications have the potential to function as an important tool in order to lower blood pressure and achieve a positive impact on completed self-care. Conclusions A mobile application can be a significant tool in the nurse's role to provide support for selfcare in patients with hypertension and thus be able to help the patient achieve a lower blood pressure. It is important that the nurse has insight and knowledge about functions and areas of use for mobile applications so that she can provide the support for self-care that each individual patient needs and thus be able to provide individually tailored care.

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the environment, and various efforts has been made in order to reduce human impact upon the planet. One such effort is transitioning the transport industry from using fossil-fuels to more sustainable fuels, such as electricity. This has led to a heightened interest in electric vehicles. Although electric vehicles have risen in popularity, they still face some challenges. One of these challenges is the lack of charging stations, and the hassle of charging the car. The complicated charging experience has even been expressed as a barrier, making some people hesitant to buy an electric vehicle. This calls for making the charging experience more intuitive and easy. One possible way to achieve this is by providing the drivers of electric vehicles with complementary tools, such as mobile applications, to aid them with charging. However, for these tools to be effective, it is important that they are designed with usability in mind. The focus of this thesis is enhancing usability in mobile applications for charging stations. In order to achieve this, a mobile application called Greencharge Infra is used as a case. The current design of this application is evaluated using Nielsen’s 10 heuristics of usability. Additionally, a user survey is sent out to representative users in order to better understand the user needs in these kinds of applications. Based on the findings from the evaluation and the user survey, and knowledge from established usability principles, a redesigned application is proposed. This proposal is later tested on representative users to ensure that the new design is living up to usability expectations. During the test, five criteria of usability are evaluated, these are efficiency, errors, satisfaction, memorability and learnability. The usability test result show that the new design of the application was efficient, induced few errors, was pleasant to use, and easy to learn. Therefore, the overall result of this thesis indicates that applying principles of usability in a real world case does work. The research has also led to wider understanding of how crucial usability is in mobile applications for charging stations.

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Patrullerande poliser i Malmö har en varierande och oförutsägbar arbetsmiljö. När de kommer till händelser där de är osäkra på hur de ska agera kan de konsultera tryckt metodstödsmaterial. Dessa tryckta handböcker är ofta utdaterade och icke-standardiserade.Tillsammans med Polisen i Malmö har vi tagit fram ett förslag till hur en digital version av denna typ av material kan se ut, med förslag kring gränssnitt och informationsrepresentation, och en diskussion kring vilka potentiella konsekvenser ett mediebyte kan få för poliserna ute på fältet.För att ta fram dessa designförslag använde vi oss av ett antal interaktionsdesignmetoder. Dessa utvärderar och diskuterar vi, utifrån hur väl de fungerar inom en myndighet som Polisen, i kontexten patrullerande poliser i Malmö. / Patrolling officers in Malmö have a varied and unpredictable working environment. When they encounter situations within which they are not certain how to take action, they have printed material with support information. This type of handbook is often outdated and non-standardized. Together with the Malmö Police, we sketch a proposal for how a digital version of this kind of material could be designed, with suggestions for interface design and information representation, as well as outline what the potential consequences could be for the individual officer on the field.While outlining these design suggestions, we utilized a number of different interaction design methods. These are evaluated and discussed as to how well they work within a governmental organization like the Police in Malmö, within the context of patrolling officers.