e-Government systems are considered by both governments and international organisations to improve administration and management. In Tanzania, an e-government system for education administration, EMIS, is partly implemented but shows several limitations. Statistical data is collected but the process is resource demanding and much of the collected data are never put into the system, and therefore remain inaccessible from this electronic system. The overall aim of this study is to propose an approach to designing more efficient e-government systems within the education sector. The focus is on public schools. The more specific aim of the present study is to: explore more efficient data transfer (faster, more reliable, and potentially less resource demanding) by using mobile telephone technology, especially SMS, as a means for statistical data collection for Tanzanian education management. The study is guided by an overall research approach that comprises systems theory and a socio-technical view. This research is performed as a case study, inspired by the ethnographic method and comprises field studies in East Africa. A multi-technique approach is used for empirical data gathering, including literature study, interviews, and direct observations. The analytical process is performed by developing and applying three analytical models: XIF - the eXtended Sustainable ICT Framework   Triple A - Access, Attitude, Awareness Seven Aspects – an Approach Towards Success The contributions of this thesis are as follows. A mobile supported SMS-based statistical data collection process employing a blended digital solution is proposed. Likely effects of such a system would be ‘better’ data e.g. less transmission errors, which provides for ‘better’ administration, ‘better’ decision-making, and also provides for transparency. Moreover, it is very likely that the proposed system is significantly less resource demanding than the present system. The three analytical models that are developed specifically for this study have generic characters and can be used during the implementation process of other e-government solutions.  The most important part of the contribution is not the technological solution per se; it is the process that foregoes the actual implementation. The proposal departs specifically from the Tanzanian educational context but has implications for e-government systems solutions and information systems implementation in developing countries in general. Finally, three overall reflections are made based on the major observations of the research findings: the Double ‘e’ Dilemma, on the problem of prioritising electronics before electricity, the Mobiles to Avoid Mobility paradox, highlighting connectivity before mobility, and the opportunity to use the SMS to Combat Corruption weapon.

This Master’s Thesis examines transnational conflicts and Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria between the years 2001 and 2006. It focuses on two major transnational conflicts: The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States and the Danish cartoon controversy of 2005/2006. It discusses the impact of these transnational conflicts on Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria in the light of the implementation of the Sharia Law in some northern Nigerian states and the improved access to the broadcast media and mobile telephone communication in Nigeria. By underscoring the relationship between transnational conflicts and the local context, this study provides a new perspective for understanding Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria

The predominant use of mobile media such as SMS and MIM across various sectors in Ghana is incontrovertibly influencing and reshaping interpersonal communications. This paper looked at the use of the Esoko SMS and WhatsApp MIM platforms and how the use of these two dominant platforms are enhancing and reshaping digital communication in the rural and urban Ghana respectively, as barriers of socioeconomic factors limits the use of sophisticated technologies in the rural setting. This is done by employing Madianou and Miller's notion of polymedia” to draw on the moral, social and the emotional use of mobile media in enacting interpersonal relationships and communications whilst keeping in focus the recursive repercussions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizCBN.pdf: 3604754 bytes, checksum: af35eb23b3195b5822746a901e37f35e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-16 / The competition in the telecommunications industry has grown in Brazil since the privatization, forcing companies that are active in the market to a growing commitment to quality products and services in order to survive. In this context, this work aims to understand the main factors that influence the degree of satisfaction exists in respect of a mobile operator with its corporate customers. The research covered theoretical concepts and analytical models of quality management system and models of indices related to the measurement of customer satisfaction. For the field research was carried out in a practical application of the main approaches based on this thesis by a case study in corporate segment, through a questionnaire applied to 10 consultants and 40 corporate customers of that company. Comparing the results of research with the consultants and corporate clients there is the concern of respondents to the indicators that comprise the constructs of customer satisfaction, commitment calculated, the price index and the handling of complaints, denoting the dissatisfaction of the general assessment for corporate customers with the carrier, against its current expectations. It is concluded that the mobile operator of the telecommunications industry have a big challenge, after ten years of privatization and consequently the period of rapid expansion of customer base and with the depleted, retain corporate customers as highly strategic, thus avoiding that migrate to other companies. We emphasize the need for further research and analysis of different approaches through research and using the same models to specifically evaluate and measure customer satisfaction of mobile enterprise, to adjust the model to the national market. Finally, we suggest the creation of an effective customer loyalty program with a strategy of relationship and specific to the corporate sector of mobile telephony / A competi??o no setor de telecomunica??es tem crescido no Brasil desde a privatiza??o, obrigando as empresas que est?o atuando no mercado a um comprometimento cada vez maior com a qualidade dos produtos e servi?os prestados para poderem sobreviver. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal entender os fatores que influenciam no grau de satisfa??o existente na rela??o de uma operadora de telefonia celular com seus clientes corporativos. A pesquisa te?rica abrangeu conceitos e an?lise de modelos de sistema de gest?o de qualidade e modelos de ?ndices relacionados ? mensura??o da satisfa??o do cliente. Para a pesquisa de campo procedeu-se a uma aplica??o pr?tica das principais abordagens fundamentadas nesta disserta??o via estudo de caso no segmento corporativo, atrav?s de question?rio aplicado a 10 consultores corporativos e 40 clientes desta mesma empresa. Comparando o resultado da pesquisa junto aos consultores e clientes corporativos verificou-se a preocupa??o dos entrevistados com os indicadores que comp?em os construtos satisfa??o do cliente, compromisso calculado, ?ndice de pre?os e tratamento das reclama??es, denotando pela avalia??o geral a insatisfa??o dos clientes corporativos para com a operadora, contrariando suas expectativas atuais. Conclui-se que as operadoras de telefonia celular do setor de telecomunica??es t?m um grande desafio, passado dez anos da privatiza??o e conseq?entemente do per?odo de expans?o vertiginosa da base de clientes e com o mercado exaurido, reter os clientes corporativos considerados altamente estrat?gicos, evitando assim que migrem para outras empresas. Enfatizamos a necessidade de novas pesquisas e enfoques de an?lise diferenciada atrav?s de pesquisas utilizando o mesmo e outros modelos para avaliar e medir especificamente a satisfa??o do cliente corporativo de telefonia celular, visando ajustar o modelo ao mercado nacional. Por fim, sugerimos a cria??o de um programa de fidelidade efetivo com uma estrat?gia definida de relacionamento e espec?fica para o setor corporativo de telefonia celular

A agricultura de precisão (AP) é um das grandes responsáveis pela inserção de tecnologias cada vez mais avançadas dentro dos sistemas de produção agrícola. Um equipamento que já faz parte da AP é o computador de mão (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA). Porém com a evolução crescente dos dispositivos móveis tais como smartphones e tablets, os PDAs têm se tornado uma alternativa mais obsoleta do ponto de vista tecnológico. São várias as características que tornam smartphones e tablets dispositivos móveis mais atraentes tecnologicamente. A comunicação direta destes com sistemas de posicionamento via satélite foi o primeiro passo para torna-los válidos para o uso em AP. Além disso, dentre as tecnologias de computação, a computação móvel é a que tem mais aceitação pelos usuários do meio agrícola devido à gradativa inserção mercadológica que os telefones celulares exerceram durante os anos passados em todo o mundo. Com a ideia de criar uma nova ferramenta para a AP baseando-se no reconhecimento de voz para substituir e/ou minimizar o uso das telas sensíveis ao toque e planilhas no campo foi escolhido o sistema operacional Android para o desenvolvimento desse aplicativo. O projeto se baseou inicialmente em revisão bibliográfica de estudos de aplicativos móveis desenvolvidos para a AP e por acompanhamento em campo de procedimentos de coleta de dados. O aplicativo resultante desse desenvolvimento se baseou em três partes: configurações, coleta de dados por voz e mapas. Na parte de configurações é permitido ao usuário configurar opções como: variáveis de coleta, uso do GPS (Global Positioning System), uso do reconhecimento de voz, pasta de armazenamento e informações cadastrais. Na coleta de dados por voz o usuário tem um formulário com as variáveis configuradas, que é preenchido por reconhecimento de voz, automaticamente. Os mapas utilizados para auxiliar o usuário a se orientar pelo campo são criados a partir do sistema Google Maps®. É possível também habilitar um assistente de voz que fala ao usuário, por sintetização de voz, o nome da variável que está coletando e confirma para ele o valor que foi reconhecido a partir de sua voz. Um arquivo \'txt\' é criado a partir das informações do formulário contendo também as coordenadas geográficas de cada ponto de coleta, obtidas pelo sistema integrado de GPS do dispositivo, e esse arquivo pode ser utilizado para a entrada de dados em sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) para a criação de mapas posteriormente. / Precision agriculture (PA) is one of the major responsible for the insertion of increasingly advanced technologies within agricultural production systems. Equipment that is already part of precision agriculture is the handheld computer (PDA). But with the growing trend of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, PDAs have become a more obsolete option in the technological context. There are several characteristics that make these devices technologically more attractive. Direct communication of such devices with satellite positioning systems was the first step to make them applicable for use in PA. Moreover, among the computing technologies, mobile computing has more acceptance by users of agricultural marketing due to the gradual insertion that mobile phones have had over the past years worldwide. With the idea of creating a new tool for PA based on the speech recognition to replace and/or minimize the use of touchscreen and worksheets in the field, Android was chosen as the operating system for the development of this application. The design was based initially on studies of mobile applications developed for PA through published articles or through monitoring procedures in field data collection. The application resulting from this development is based on three parts: settings, speech data collection and maps. Part of settings allows the user to set some options for operation of the application as: variables to collect, use of GPS, use of speech recognition, file storage folder to \'txt\' file and registration information, etc. In the data collection the user configures the variables he wants to collect and the application creates a form that is filled through speech recognition automatically. The map is used to help the user navigate the route through the use of Google Maps® base. It is possible to enable a voice assistant that tells him, by voice synthesizer, the name of the variable he is collecting and confirms to him the value that has been recognized by his voice. A \'txt\' file is created containing data along with geographic coordinates obtained from the onboard GPS of the device and it can be used for creating maps in geographic information systems (GIS).

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-01T14:13:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Sandra Chacon Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 7070042 bytes, checksum: 60fe7ecc17946cd79d4d9e6e1cb4fa96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T14:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Sandra Chacon Dissertação Mestrado.pdf: 7070042 bytes, checksum: 60fe7ecc17946cd79d4d9e6e1cb4fa96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / O principal problema desta pesquisa - como a interface com o software está interferindo na interface com o hardware no uso de aparelhos celulares - é abordado através de uma metodologia de detalhamento dos diferentes estilos de interação dos aparelhos, seguindo alguns passos, que foram: o estudo da usabilidade de software e hardware, em que se verifica a importância da aplicação prática da ergonomia, o desenvolvimento da tecnologia e como ela influenciou a comunicação através de dispositivos móveis, a intervenção do software na mudança brusca do formato dos aparelhos, interrompendo a tendência de miniaturização dos aparelhos que permaneceu até final da década de noventa, compreensão do contexto de uso dos celulares e interpretação das expectativas geradas nos usuários com relação ao lançamento de cada novo modelo. Esses passos foram decisivos para compreender como a usabilidade de software e hardware se interpõem uma a outra, alterando o tamanho e formato dos aparelhos, percepção, expectativas e a interação com os usuários. / The main problem of this research - how the interface with the software is interfering in the interface with the hardware in the use of mobile phones - is approached through a methodology of detailing of different styles of interaction of the cellphones, following some steps: the study on the usability of software and hardware, where the importance of the practical application of ergonomics is perceived, the development of technology and how it influenced the communication through mobile devices, the intervention of software in the sudden change of the format of the appliances, interrupting the trend of miniaturization of devices that remained until the late 1990s, understanding the context of use of cellphones, interpretation of the expectations generated on users with respect to the release of each new model. These steps were crucial to understand how the usability of software and hardware stand each other , changing the size and shape of the devices , perception, expectations and interaction with users.

Cette thèse étudie les typologies des stratégies relationnelles que peuvent entretenir les firmes avec leurs concurrentes dans une industrie de réseau : la téléphonie mobile. Elle se donne aussi pour objet de mettre en évidence les déterminants de ces choix stratégiques ; ainsi que leur implication. Elle vise enfin à effectuer une comparaison des performances des firmes en fonction des choix de stratégies relationnelles. Pour aborder ces préoccupations, nous avons eu recours, d'une part à la méthode d'analyse de contenu structuré, afin d'identifier les mouvements stratégiques des opérateurs mobiles de pays et régions géographiques différents ; d'autre part à deux méthodes (exploratoire et confirmatoire) d'analyse et de traitements des données. A travers cette thèse, nous mettons en évidence trois résultats principaux : Le premier résultat montre que l'agressivité concurrentielle, la coopérativité et la coopétition sont les stratégies relationnelles viables dans le secteur de la téléphonie mobile. Le second résultat majeur montre que des variables sectorielles telles que la concentration industrielle, la maturité sectorielle ou la plus ou moins forte présence à l'international apparaissent comme des facteurs déterminant les comportements stratégiques (agressif, coopératif et coopétitif) des opérateurs mobiles ; de même que plus d'agressivité et plus de coopérativité conduisent à de meilleures performances. En dernier lieu, il est montré dans cette recherche que la performance de la firme varie en fonction de la stratégie adoptée (agressivité, coopérativité ou coopétitivité) par l'opérateur mobile, mais aussi en fonction de son implantation géographique. / This thesis examines the types of relational strategies that firms can adopt with their competitors in a network industry : the mobile phone industry. It also purposes to highlight the determinants of these strategic choices and their implication. Finally, it aims to make a comparison of the performances of firms, according to their relational strategies choises. To address these concerns, we used, on one hand the method of structured content analysis so as to identify the strategic movements of the mobile phone operators of different countries and geographical areas ; on the other hand, we used two methods (exploratory and confirmatory) analysis for data processing. Through this thesis, we highlight three key findings : The first result shows that competitive aggressiveness, cooperativeness and coopetition are the viable relational strategies in the mobile phone industry. The second major result shows that the sectorial variables such as industrial concentration, sectorial maturity ; or more or less international presence appear to be factors determining the strategic behavior (aggressive, cooperative and coopetitive) of the mobile operators ; as well that more aggressiveness and more cooperativeness lead to better performance. Finally, it is shown in this study that the performance of the firm depends on the strategy (aggressive, cooperative, or coopetitive) adopted by the mobile operator, but also on its geographical location.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angeles Treitero Garcia Consolo.pdf: 1333169 bytes, checksum: 2ddcc3df9d5387f8fa0caadf55c6bc8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research contains a study on mobile devices, more precisely mobile telephony applied to educational purposes. The general aim here is to investigate the absence of methodologies in degree courses, related to the use of Information Technology and Communication (ICTs), in order to incorporate the use of mobile telephony. The target is to identify relevant procedures a professor should incorporate in his/her pedagogical practices in order to face the challenges mobile technology poses for the teaching-learning process in the beginning of the 21st century. More specific objectives of this paper are the verification of the political and instructional use of the ICTs in Brazilian Education; an analysis of the pedagogical potentialities and the reflexes mobile phones currently cause in Brazilian Education; and a thorough examination of the concept of mobility, when considering the use of such technology. Whereas this paper involves several areas of knowledge, the theoretical approach has a multi-disciplinary character, since the early stages of written communication in societies and along its development. This work includes a discussion on the possibilities mobile technology provides regarding the access to information and to communication, and the challenge future professors should have concerning education. After a field research, an analysis of the uses of mobile phones and their applicability, as well as an analysis of what professors and degree students think of the use of such technology in Education were developed, allowing the discussion of the current need of new pedagogical practices when performing the teaching profession. Such field research was carried in three universities of the private sector, with the participation of professors and students of degree courses. All of them answered a questionnaire with open and closed questions, with the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. This paper includes five chapters: in the first chapter I present the research project; in the second, I discuss the influence of ICTs in Brazilian Education; in the third one I present some reflections on the question and statistical data regarding the potentialities mobile technology provides; in the fourth chapter, I discuss the concept of mobility and suggest some of the questions posed to degree professor when dealing with projects including such technology; in the last one, I present an analysis of the field research results. As a result of this work, one concludes that professors are not yet considering the possibility of using that kind of technology to support education. Such use is viable, as long as it becomes part of pedagogical projects in schools and of the curriculum. The involvement of all school community is also necessary. Additionally, educational institutions must offer conditions for professors to keep themselves updated and get ready to engage in new activities with students. This paper shows that mobile devices, like any other kind of technology, are one more possible tool to be used on a daily basis by educators. Like many other procedures and resources, the use of Information Technology and Communication will not solve, by itself, the educational problems in Brazil / Esta tese refere-se a um estudo sobre os dispositivos móveis, mais especificamente, sobre a telefonia celular aplicada a práticas educativas. O objetivo geral do trabalho consistiu na investigação da ausência de metodologias que se inter-relacionem, nos cursos de licenciatura de uso da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), para apropriação do uso da telefonia celular. Pretende-se que, com este estudo, seja possível identificar alguns aspectos relevantes que um professor da educação formal deve incorporar em suas práticas pedagógicas para enfrentar os desafios que a tecnologia móvel apresenta para o ensino-aprendizagem neste início do século XXI. Os objetivos específicos deste trabalho foram: pesquisar as influências políticas e instrucionais das TICs na Educação brasileira, analisar as potencialidades pedagógicas e os reflexos que os telefones celulares estão causando na Educação brasileira e examinar atentamente o conceito de mobilidade, que está implícito quando se fala de uso dessa tecnologia. Tendo em vista que este trabalho envolve várias áreas do conhecimento, o referencial para as discussões tem caráter multidisciplinar; situa-se entre autores que tratam de processos comunicacionais, educacionais e tecnológicos, desde os primórdios e ao longo do desenvolvimento da comunicação escrita nas sociedades. Procurou-se entender as possibilidades que a tecnologia móvel promove no sentido de acesso à informação e à comunicação, bem como aos desafios que um futuro professor deverá ter para com a Educação. Por meio da pesquisa de campo, foi feita a análise da utilização e da aplicabilidade dos telefones celulares bem como do que pensam professores e alunos de cursos de licenciatura a respeito do uso dessa tecnologia na Educação, para discutir a necessidade de novas práticas pedagógicas quando se exerce a profissão de professor atualmente. Essa pesquisa foi realizada em três universidades da rede particular, com professores e alunos dos cursos de licenciatura. Todos responderam a um questionário, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, que serviu para coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos. O trabalho apresenta cinco capítulos: no primeiro, é apresentado o projeto de pesquisa; no segundo, é discutida a influência das TICs na Educação brasileira; no terceiro capítulo, são apresentados algumas reflexões e dados estatísticos a respeito das potencialidades que a tecnologia móvel proporciona; no quarto capítulo, procura-se discutir o conceito de mobilidade e fornecer algumas reflexões que um professor de licenciatura deve realizar para tratar de projetos que incluam tal tecnologia; no último, apresenta-se a análise dos dados da pesquisa de campo. No final, apontam-se algumas considerações geradas pelo trabalho: os professores ainda não estão pensando nessa tecnologia para apoiar a Educação, ela é viável desde que esteja inserida em projetos pedagógicos na escola e nos currículos e que haja o envolvimento de toda a comunidade escolar, as instituições educacionais têm que oferecer condições para que os professores se atualizem e se preparem para exercer novas atividades com os alunos. O trabalho indica que os dispositivos móveis, como qualquer outra tecnologia, são mais uma ferramenta que pode ser usada no dia a dia de um educador e de um educando. Como outros procedimentos e recursos, o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, sozinho, não vai resolver os problemas que o Brasil tem com a Educação

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des modifications de conception d’antenne PIFA concernant la téléphonie mobile afin de réduire le taux de pénétration des ondes électromagnétiques dans la tête. Trois antennes ont été considérées: une antenne PIFA à bande unique fonctionnant à 1,8 GHz, une antenne PIFA à bande double fonctionnant à 900 MHz et à 1,8 GHz, et une antenne PIFA tri-bande à 900 MHz, 1800 MHz et 2400 MHz. La densité de courant de surface le long du plan de masse a été réduite en diminuant le rayonnement du champ électrique émis par l’antenne émettrice vers le corps, ce qui a entraîné une réduction de la densité de courant le long de la tête humaine ainsi que du SAR. Cette réduction du SAR a été réalisée en insérant plusieurs traitements de bords tels qu'une forme en U à chaque coin du plan de masse de l'antenne. Nous avons étudié trois types des antennes : la première, lorsque les bords U sont constitués de PEC, nous obtenons une réduction du SAR de 78,6%. La seconde utilise un type de liquide considéré comme absorbant. Avec ce liquide, deux antennes ont été analysées: une PIFA à bande unique fonctionnant à 1,8 GHz et une PIFA à bande double fonctionnant à 900 MHz et à1,8 GHz. Dans ce scénario, le bord en U est constitué d’eau, et nous avons constaté que la valeur maximale du SAR moyen sur 10 g de tissu était réduite à 73,52% pour une PIFA à bande unique, tandis que le pic de SAR a été réduit à 88,78% et 90,31% en cas de double bande. Afin de préserver la hauteur de l'antenne et de la rendre plus réaliste, un autre type d’antenne a été modélisé en insérant des arêtes en forme de U à chaque extrémité du plan de masse. Dans ce cas, la réduction du SAR a été la suivante: 74,5% à 1800 MHz pour une bande unique et environ 64,37%, 79,92% et 54,71% à 900 MHz, 1800 MHz et 2400 MHz pour une antenne tri-bande, et pour une moyenne de masse de tissu égale à 10g. Dans une dernière partie, cette thèse propose une antenne optimisée pour des transmissions de la station de base vers l'utilisateur d’un téléphone mobile, en exploitant la bande GSM-900. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de fournir une intensité de champ constante sur la surface de couverture, afin de minimiser certains effets biologiques considérés comme dangereux pour la santé humaine. / In this thesis, we propose new types of mobile handset PIFA antenna design to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) in human head. Three antennas were considered: a single band PIFA operating at 1.8 GHz, a dual band PIFA operating at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz, and a Triband PIFA operating at 900MHz, GSM 1800MHz, and 2400MHz. Surface current density along the ground plane was decreased by reducing the near electric field radiation coming from the radiating antenna to the human head, which in turns leads to a reduction in current density along human head as well as the SAR. This SAR reduction is accomplished by inserting several edges treatment such as U-shape at each corner of the ground plane of antenna. In this scenario, we studied three types: first one, when U-edges are made of PEC, we get SAR reduction about 78.6%. Second one is a liquid type that is considered as more advanced type. For this type, two antennas are considered: a single band PIFA operating at 1.8 GHz, and a dual band PIFA operating at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. In this scenario, two cases were studied: first one when the U-edge is made of water, we noticed that the peak SAR value averaged over 10 g mass tissue was reduced to 73.52% in the case of single band PIFA, whereas the peak SAR was reduced to 88.78% and 90.31% in case of dual band. Second case, when U-edge filled with water, this enhanced structure was presented to overcome the manufacturing limitations of the first case design. Simulation results showed a better performance in terms of reflection coefficient and radiation pattern for both single-band and dual-band antennas. The results of SAR were also similar to the first case structure design for the single-band antenna. However, the SAR was slightly higher for the dual-band antenna, but it still remains very low (1.6 W/Kg at 900 MHz and 0.6 W/Kg at 1800 MHz). After that, for preserving the height of antenna, and making it more realistic to be applied, another type was done by inserting U-edges above each corner of the ground plane. In this case, we get SAR reduction as follows: 74.5% at GSM1800MHz in case of single band, and about 64.37%, 79.92%, and 54.71% at GSM900MHz, GSM1800MHz, and 2400 MHz in case of Tri-band averaged over 10g mass tissue. On the other hand, this thesis presents a modern and unprecedented safety antenna that transmits from the base station to the mobile user being operated at the GSM-900 band. The main objective of this study is to provide a constant field strength or a uniform coverage over a certain surface area, for preventing human health from several hazardous biological effects, and this strongly depends on the studied site (e.g. if it is densely urban, rural, open area, etc.). Our proposed design is synthesized using S.A.R.A (Synthesis of Array of Antenna) software. Besides, Atoll GSM planning tool is used to ensure the signal coverage and power strength for the safety antenna, and CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software for simulating the proposed antenna.

[ES] Esta investigación se ha centrado en la identificación de qué servicios pueden ser considerados como determinantes como competitivas, en las relaciones prepago con sus clientes, por parte de las principales operadoras de telefonía móvil en España, y si la existencia de mayores niveles de confianza, compromiso y lealtad por parte de los empleados de las operadoras, con cada vez mayor presencia en redes sociales, pueden alterar su posición. A través de varios estudios, siguiendo la metodología de Concept Mapping con análisis clúster, al objeto de obtener la información necesaria fundamentalmente de tipo cualitativo, se puede obtener e identificar aquellos niveles de afectación en las relaciones empleados-subordinado con repercusiones en la competitividad de las operadoras de telefonía móvil en España. En un primer estudio analizo los motivos de lealtad de los clientes con la operadora, identificando las principales dimensiones y a continuación, en un segundo estudio identifico las principales razones de desconexión de anteriores operadoras, identificando sus dimensiones con las variables anteriormente descritas. / [CA] Aquesta investigació s'ha centrat en la identificació de quins serveis poden ser considerats com a determinants com a competitives, en les relacions prepagament amb els seus clients, per part de les principals operadores de telefonia mòbil a Espanya, i si l'existència de majors nivells de confiança, compromís i lleialtat per part dels empleats de les operadores, amb cada vegada major presència en xarxes socials, poden alterar la seua posició. A través de diversos estudis, seguint la metodologia de Concept Mapping amb anàlisi clúster, a fi d'obtindre la informació necessària fonamentalment de tipus qualitatiu, es pot obtindre i identificar aquells nivells d'afectació en les relacions emprats-subordinat amb repercussions en la competitivitat de les operadores de telefonia mòbil a Espanya. En un primer estudi analitze els motius de lleialtat dels clients amb l'operadora, identificant les principals dimensions i a continuació, en un segon estudi identifique les principals raons de desconnexió d'anteriors operadores, identificant les seues dimensions amb les variables anteriorment descrites. / [EN] This research has focused on the identification of which services can be considered as competitive determinants on prepaid contracts with customers, by the main mobile phone companies in Spain, and whether the existence of higher levels of trust, commitment and loyalty on the part of the employees, with increasing presence in social networks, can alter their position. Through several studies, following the Concept Mapping methodology with cluster analysis in order to obtain the necessary information, primarily of a qualitative type, the levels of affectation in employee-subordinate relationships with repercussions on the competitiveness of the mobile phone companies in Spain can be identified. In a first study, I analyze the reasons for customer¿s loyalty with the company, identifying the main dimensions and then in a second study I identify the main reasons of why customers leave their previous mobile operators, identifying dimensions with the variables described above. / Gil Conesa, I. (2022). Influencia de la confianza directiva y el compromiso de los empleados como determinantes de la lealtad y fidelización del cliente a través de las redes sociales en las relaciones contractuales prepago en operadoras de Telefonía Móvil [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/182949 / TESIS