Uma das principais responsabilidades da área de Engenharia de Requisitos é refinar requisitos em especificações. Em sistemas empresariais esse refinamento deve considerar o contexto empresarial no qual o sistema fará parte. Apesar de existirem algumas abordagens para refinar requisitos algumas delas até mesmo considerando o contexto empresarial essa tarefa é realizada manualmente. Baseado em conceitos de Engenharia Dirigida por Modelos, este trabalho propõe uma transformação semiautomática usando um modelo da empresa como modelo dos requisitos e um modelo de casos de uso como modelo das especificações. Para isso, considera-se que ao usar um modelo de empresa como origem dessa transformação é possível representar tanto os requisitos quanto os conhecimentos de domínio necessários para obter especificações através de uma transformação. Com isso, este trabalho apresenta os metamodelos de origem e de destino, um conjunto de regras de transformação e uma ferramenta que permite executar a transformação. Por fim, este trabalho também discute um experimento que foi executado para analisar alguns aspectos desta proposta. / One of the key responsibilities of Requirements Engineering is to refine requirements into specifications. For enterprise systems, this refinement must consider the enterprise context where the system will be deployed. Although there are some approaches for requirements refinement, some of them even considering the enterprise context, this task is executed manually. Based on Model-Driven Engineering concepts, this study proposes a semi-automatic transformation using an enterprise model as a requirements model and a use case model as a specifications model. For that, this work considers that using an enterprise model as a source it is possible to represent both the requirements and the domain knowledge that are necessary to obtain specifications through a transformation. Therefore, this study presents the source and target meta-models, a set of transformation rules, and a tool to support the transformation. Finally, this study also discusses an experiment executed to analyze some aspects of this proposal.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-27T14:21:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruy Guilherme.pdf: 4333694 bytes, checksum: dc411f45b9fe05154bdee07704d50d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T14:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruy Guilherme.pdf: 4333694 bytes, checksum: dc411f45b9fe05154bdee07704d50d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-23 / The recent emergence of Free-to-Play games, also known as Freemium games, has considerably changed the way games are made. The definition of monetization strategies is now part of the process of making games. Choosing which strategy to adopt among the various ones and understanding how they work could be an arduous task. When analysing the market, to realize that popular games use similar strategies is not difficult, which demonstrates that the reuse of strategies is common among developers. Although there are catalogs of popular monetization strategies used by Free-to-Play games in the literature, little attention has been given to formalize the description of those strategies, leaving openings for misunderstandings and making the reuse harder. For that reason, a meta-model of Free-to-Play games monetization that allows the representation of Free-toPlay games monetization strategies based on a set of popular strategies is proposed. That meta-model, called Meta-F2P, was elaborated from the investigation of the most rentable Free-to-Play games for mobile devices. Besides that, case studies were used to validate and refine the accuracy, expressiveness and extensibility of that meta-model. Based on the results obtained, the applicability of the meta-model in the process of making games and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of case studies in the concept of meta-models are analyzed. / A recente ascensão dos jogos Free-to-Play, também conhecidos como Freemium, provocou mudanças consideráveis na forma como os jogos são produzidos. A elaboração de estratégias de monetização passou a fazer parte do processo de desenvolvimento. Escolher qual estratégias adotar dentre as diversas existentes e entender o seu funcionamento pode tornar esta uma tarefa árdua. Ao se analisar o mercado não é difícil perceber que os jogos mais rentáveis abordam estratégias de monetização similares, demonstrando que reuso de estratégias é uma abordagem adotada por diversos desenvolvedores. Embora existam na literatura catálogos de estratégias de monetização populares em jogos Free-to-Play, pouca atenção tem sido dada no intuito de formalizar a descrição das estratégias, dando margem para interpretações errôneas e dificultando o reuso. Assim propõe-se um meta-modelo que permite representar as estratégias de monetização de jogos Free-to-Play a partir de um conjunto de estratégias populares. O meta-modelo denominado Meta-F2P foi elaborado a partir da análise de jogos Free-to-Play para dispositivos móveis mais rentáveis. Além disso, utilizou-se estudos de caso para a validação e o refinamento da exatidão, expressividade e extensibilidade do meta-modelo. A partir dos resultados obtidos analisa-se a aplicabilidade do meta-modelo no processo de design de jogos e as vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação de estudos de caso na elaboração de meta-modelos.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-07-26T13:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Stefanello.pdf: 4211863 bytes, checksum: 01fdbcf038800472fbd854b22bc2e341 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T13:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Stefanello.pdf: 4211863 bytes, checksum: 01fdbcf038800472fbd854b22bc2e341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-25 / CAPES / In recent years, some research has taken into account problems related to the development of software systems, especially those that make use of context, i.e. context-aware systems. In this dissertation the complexity of context-aware system development is discussed. The proposed solution aims to provide support for the context-aware system development through a framework based on MDE and Weaving. On the one hand, MDE allows the use of models to manage complexity in software development, while the weaving technique supports the creation of interrelations between elements of different but complementary models. The weaving technique is used to create a weaving model that establishes interrelationships between the elements of a Platform Independent Model (PIM) and several Platform Description Model (PDMs). An implementation of the proposed framework and an illustrative example help to understand the proposal and its feasibility. A comparison between the proposed solution and the works found in the literature Done, showing the negative and positive points of the proposed solution. / Nos últimos anos, algumas pesquisas têm levado em conta as problemáticas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de sistema de software, em especial, aqueles que fazem o uso de contexto, i.e. context-aware systems. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, abordase a complexidade no desenvolvimento de context-aware system. A solução proposta visa fornecer suporte para o desenvolvimento de context-aware system através de um framework baseado em MDE e Weaving. Por um lado, MDE permite a utilização de modelos para gerenciar a complexidade no desenvolvimento de sofware, enquanto a técnica de weaving suporta a criação de inter-relacionamentos entre elementos de modelos diferentes, mas complementares. A técnica de weaving é utilizada para criar um modelo de weaving que estabelece inter-relacionamentos entre os elementos de um PIM (Platform Independent Model) e de vários PDMs (Platform Description Model). Uma implementação do framework proposto e um exemplo ilustrativo ajudam a entender a proposta e mostram a sua viabilidade. Um comparativo entre a solução proposta e os trabalhos encontrados na literatura é feito, mostrando os pontos negativos e positivos da solução proposta.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T11:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pablo.pdf: 5598718 bytes, checksum: cce40776950abfd027f223d50cfca06c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T11:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pablo.pdf: 5598718 bytes, checksum: cce40776950abfd027f223d50cfca06c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / CAPES,CNPQ,FAPEMA / The development and use of software based on cloud computing have been highlighted more and more nowadays. Software as a Service (SaaS) has been considered as a trend for small, medium and large companies, subtly acquiring presence in personal computing too. This service popularizing brings with it many challenges concerning to information security handled by their suppliers and the vulnerability of their applications. In this work, we propose a SaaS development framework by combining the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) with merging techniques of domain-security models and domainapplication model. This approach involves the use of MDE techniques for achieving such adaptation and assist in the software development process. By adopting the MDE approach, it is possible to combine elements of different models, from source models reaching a target model by using weaving techniques. A prototype implements the proposed framework and reuses the Mapping Tool for Model Driven Engineering (MT4MDE) and Semi-Automatic Matching Tool for Model Driven Engineering (SAMT4MDE) in order to demonstrate the used methodology. The results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of combining several security aspects in the development process of SaaS. / O desenvolvimento e a utilização de softwares baseados em computação em nuvem têm conquistado cada vez mais destaque na atualidade. A oferta de SaaS (Software as a Service) se mostra uma tendência não apenas para as grandes empresas, mas também para as pequenas e médias, adquirindo espaço também na computação pessoal de forma transparente. Esta relativa popularização do serviço traz consigo muitos desafios no que se refere à segurança da informação manipulada pelos seus fornecedores e a vulnerabilidade de suas respectivas aplicações. Neste trabalho, propomos um framework de desenvolvimento de SaaS, fazendo uso da Engenharia Dirigida por Modelos (MDE) aliada a técnicas de fusão de modelos do domínio de segurança a modelos do domínio da aplicação. Esta abordagem envolve a utilização de técnicas de MDE para se alcançar tal adaptação e auxiliar na condução do processo de desenvolvimento do software. Através da adoção da abordagem MDE é possível realizar a junção de elementos de modelos diferentes, a partir de modelos fonte alcançando-se um modelo alvo pela utilização de técnicas de weaving. Um protótipo implementa o framework proposto e reutiliza as ferramentas Mapping Tool for Model Driven Engineering (MT4MDE) e Semi-Automatic Matching Tool for Model Driven Engineering (SAMT4MDE) na demonstração da metodologia usada. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade e os benefícios da combinação de vários aspectos de segurança no processo de desenvolvimento de um SaaS.

Uma das principais responsabilidades da área de Engenharia de Requisitos é refinar requisitos em especificações. Em sistemas empresariais esse refinamento deve considerar o contexto empresarial no qual o sistema fará parte. Apesar de existirem algumas abordagens para refinar requisitos algumas delas até mesmo considerando o contexto empresarial essa tarefa é realizada manualmente. Baseado em conceitos de Engenharia Dirigida por Modelos, este trabalho propõe uma transformação semiautomática usando um modelo da empresa como modelo dos requisitos e um modelo de casos de uso como modelo das especificações. Para isso, considera-se que ao usar um modelo de empresa como origem dessa transformação é possível representar tanto os requisitos quanto os conhecimentos de domínio necessários para obter especificações através de uma transformação. Com isso, este trabalho apresenta os metamodelos de origem e de destino, um conjunto de regras de transformação e uma ferramenta que permite executar a transformação. Por fim, este trabalho também discute um experimento que foi executado para analisar alguns aspectos desta proposta. / One of the key responsibilities of Requirements Engineering is to refine requirements into specifications. For enterprise systems, this refinement must consider the enterprise context where the system will be deployed. Although there are some approaches for requirements refinement, some of them even considering the enterprise context, this task is executed manually. Based on Model-Driven Engineering concepts, this study proposes a semi-automatic transformation using an enterprise model as a requirements model and a use case model as a specifications model. For that, this work considers that using an enterprise model as a source it is possible to represent both the requirements and the domain knowledge that are necessary to obtain specifications through a transformation. Therefore, this study presents the source and target meta-models, a set of transformation rules, and a tool to support the transformation. Finally, this study also discusses an experiment executed to analyze some aspects of this proposal.

Le contexte de ce travail de recherche se situe dans le domaine du génie logiciel, et vise plus spécifiquement les systèmes auto-adaptatifs (Self Adaptive Systems, SAS). Le travail de recherche vise les tous premiers stades du cycle de vie du développement logiciel : la phase de spécification des exigences (Requirements Engineering). Nous nous concentrons sur la définition et la modélisation des exigences (Elicitation) ainsi que sur leur vérification. La contribution globale de cette thèse est de proposer une approche intégrée pour la modélisation et la vérification des exigences des SAS à l'aide de techniques d'ingénierie des modèles (Model Driven Engineering, MDE). Nous prenons les exigences en entrée de notre processus et les divisons en exigences fonctionnelles et non fonctionnelles. Ensuite, nous appliquons un processus pour identifier les exigences qui sont adaptables et celles qui sont invariantes. Les progrès récents dans les techniques basées sur les buts en Ingénierie des Exigences nous ont poussé à intégrer ces techniques dans notre approche. En (Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering, GORE), les (Non Functional Requirements, NFR) sont exprimées sous la forme de buts, ce qui est beaucoup plus riche et complet dans la définition des relations entre les exigences. Ici, les exigences invariantes sont capturées par le concept de buts fonctionnels et les exigences adaptables sont capturées par le concept des buts non fonctionnels. Nous avons identifié quelques problèmes dans les méthodes classiques de modélisation des exigences et la vérification des propriétés. Ces approches ne tiennent pas compte des caractéristiques d'adaptabilité associées avec les systèmes auto-adaptatifs. Afin de valider notre approche, nous avons modélisé les exigences de deux études de cas et vérifié les exigences d'une étude de cas. / The overall contribution of this thesis is to propose an integrated approach for modeling and verifying the requirements of Self Adaptive Systems using Model Driven Engineering techniques. Model Driven Engineering is primarily concerned with reducing the gap between problem and software implementation domains through the use of technologies that support systematic transformation of problem level abstractions to software implementations. By using these techniques, we have bridged this gap through the use of models that describe complex systems at multiple levels of abstraction and through automated support for transforming and analyzing these models. We take requirements as input and divide it into Functional and Non Functional Requirements. We then use a process to identify those requirements that are adaptable and those that cannot be changed. We then introduce the concepts of Goal Oriented Requirements Engineering for modeling the requirements of Self Adaptive Systems, where Non Functional Requirements are expressed in the form of goals which is much more rich and complete in defining relations between requirements. We have identified some problems in the conventional methods of requirements modeling and properties verification using existing techniques, which do not take into account the adaptability features associated with Self Adaptive Systems. Our proposed approach takes into account these adaptable requirements and we provide various tools and processes that we developed for the requirements modeling and verification of Self Adaptive Systems. We validate our proposed approach by applying it on two different case studies in the domain of Self Adaptive Systems.

Les enjeux planétaires du développement durable et du réchauffement climatique remettent en cause le fonctionnement de nos sociétés. La transition énergétique se traduit notamment par l’augmentation de l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables et constitue ainsi le contexte de nos travaux. Dans le cadre d’un contrat CIFRE avec l’entreprise VALOREM, nous proposons des méthodologies pour le développement et la conception d’installations renouvelables soutenables. L’approche d’Ingénierie Des Modèles mise en place nous permet de garder une démarche scientifique cohérente entre une vue très générale du contexte d’insertion des renouvelables et une vision plus technique et opérationnelle pour le développement d’installations renouvelables. Dans un premier temps, nous avons décrit de manière macroscopique le contexte d’insertion des énergies renouvelables en France, en proposant un cadre conceptuel pour le développement de projet d’aménagement du territoire. Il permet l’analyse des systèmes sociotechniques en transition grâce à une formalisation UML2 d’une part, et une méthode d’évaluation de la durabilité d’un processus d’autre part. Nous avons illustré ce cadre sur deux cas d’étude : le succès du développement de la centrale hydro-éolienne de l’île d’El Hierro dans les Canaries et l’échec du barrage de Sivens dans le Tarn en France. Par comparaison, nous montrons que l’implication des parties prenantes sur l’ensemble du processus de développement est cruciale pour le succès d’un projet. Nous avons ensuite proposé une implémentation logicielle permettant le suivi et le pilotage de projet d’aménagement du territoire en temps réel à l’aide d’outils d’intelligence artificielle. Conscient des limites opérationnelles de notre proposition, nous avons décidé de changer de point de vue pour adopter une vision plus technique sur les énergies renouvelables. La transition énergétique fait évoluer le système électrique français d’un modèle centralisé vers un modèle décentralisé, ce qui amène VALOREM à reconsidérer ses propositions techniques de production d’énergies renouvelables. Entre autre, l’entreprise tend vers l’hybridation de ses centrales et constate le besoin d’un outil de dimensionnement en phase d’avant-projet, afin d’identifier les opportunités d’activités. Nous faisons donc la proposition d’un prototype logiciel qui se veut flexible en termes de modélisation des centrales de production hybrides renouvelables et en termes de définition des objectifs et contraintes à satisfaire. Il est codé en C++ et basé sur des modèles d’optimisation linéaires. Nous illustrons son opérationnalité sur quatre cas d’étude : deux orientés marché électrique et deux en autoconsommation (l’un isolé, l’autre connecté au réseau). Les résultats des études montrent que les coûts de stockage batterie sont trop élevés pour pouvoir envisager l’installation de batteries dans les centrales hybrides renouvelables. Les systèmes en autoconsommation connectés au réseau semblent être plus prometteurs. Enfin, nous terminons par une analyse environnementale de différentes sources de production électrique afin de déterminer celles vers lesquelles la transition énergétique doit être axée. Les résultats montrent que la biomasse, l’éolien et le PV au sol sont les moyens de production les plus propres. La conclusion de la thèse propose une réflexion ascendante en complexité vers l’implication des acteurs dans les modèles de processus de développement territoriaux. / Sustainable growth issues and climate change imply to shift our society organisation towards new paradigms. In the energy sector, it is illustrated by an energy transition via renewables. Within this context and the support of the company VALOREM, we propose a methodology for the sustainable development and design of renewable infrastructures. By using a Model Driven Engineering approach, we were able to adopt several viewpoints on renewable energy issues, while keeping a consistent scientific approach. First of all, from a holistic stance, we developed a conceptual framework for land settlement development process. Thanks to its modelling with UML2 and a methodology to assess the sustainability of processes, it can be used to analyse the trajectory of sociotechnical systems. The framework was tested on two case studies: the success of El Hierro hydrowind power plant implementation in Canary Islands and the failure of the Sivens dam project in the south of France. Their comparison shows that implication of stakeholders at all stages of the development process is crucial for the success of the project. We further propose to implement the conceptual framework as a software tool for the monitoring of land settlement project in real time, with the help of artificial intelligence concepts. However, this proposition was deemed not in line with Valorem’s priorities and we decided to focus on a technical instantiation of the framework for Hybride Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), which design and operation are part of VALOREM’s activity. As, the energy transition implies to change the electrical system model from a centralized to a decentralized one, there exists a need for a grassroots sizing tool for identifying new HRES opportunities. A software prototype for the grassroot optimal design of HRES was developed, offering flexibility in terms of modelling, setting constraints and defining objective functions. It is coded in C++ and based on linear programming model. We showed its relevance on four HRES case studies: two related to electricity market and two for self-supply of energy (one isolated and the other grid-connected). The results show that battery costs are too high to be profitable in HRES and that grid-connected systems seems to be a good alternative. Finally, we carried out an environmental impact assessment of several sources of electricity production to find out which are the “cleaner” ones. The results show that biomass, wind turbines and ground PV are those that should be considered for a sustainable energy transition. In the conclusion, we step back to a more complex viewpoint and develop perspectives to model human interactions within territory development process.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont effectuées dans le cadre des Systèmes sur puce (SoC, Systemon Chip) et la conception de systèmes embarqués en temps réel, notamment dédiés au domaine de la reconfiguration dynamique, liés à ces systèmes complexes. Dans ce travail, nous présentons un nouveau flot de conception basé sur l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM/MDE) et le profilMARTE pour la conception conjointe du SoC, la spécification et la mise en oeuvre de ces systèmes sur puce reconfigurables, afin d'élever les niveaux d'abstraction et de réduire la complexité du système. La première contribution relative à cette thèse est l'identification des parties de systèmes sur puce reconfigurable dynamiquement qui peuvent être modélisées au niveau d'abstraction élevé. Cette thèse adapte une approche dirigée par l'application et cible les modèles d'application de haut niveau pour être traités comme des régions dynamiques des SoCs reconfigurables. Nous proposons aussi des modèles de contrôle générique pour la gestion de ces régions au cours de l'exécution en temps réel. Bien que cette sémantique puisse être introduite à différents niveaux d'abstraction d'un environnent pour la conception conjointe du SoC, nous insistons tout particulièrement sur sa fusion au niveau du déploiement, qui relie la propriété intellectuelle avec les éléments modélisés à haut niveau de conception. En outre, ces concepts ont été intégrés dans le méta-modèleMARTE et le profil correspondant afin de fournir une extension adéquate pour exprimer les caractéristiques de reconfiguration à la modélisation de haut niveau. La seconde contribution est la proposition d'un méta-modèle intermédiaire, qui isole les concepts présents au niveau transfert de registre (RTL-Register Transfer Level). Ce méta-modèle intègre les concepts chargés de l'exécution matérielle des applications modélisées, tout en enrichissant la sémantique de contrôle, provoquant la création d'un accélérateur matériel reconfigurable dynamiquement avec plusieurs implémentations disponibles. Enfin, en utilisant les transformations de modèlesMDE et les principes correspondants, nous sommes en mesure de générer des codeHDL équivalents à différentes implémentations de l'accélérateur reconfigurable ainsi que différents codes source en langage C/C++ liés au contrôleur de reconfiguration, qui est finalement responsable de la commutation entre les différentes mplémentations. Enfin, notre flot de conception a été vérifié avec succès dans une étude de cas liée à un système anti-radar de détection de collision. Une composante clé intégrante de ce système a été modélisée en utilisant les spécifications MARTE étendu et le code généré a été utilisé dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'un SoC sur un FPGA reconfigurable dynamiquement.

The development of self-adaptive software requires the engineering of an adaptation engine that controls and adapts the underlying adaptable software by means of feedback loops. The adaptation engine often describes the adaptation by using runtime models representing relevant aspects of the adaptable software and particular activities such as analysis and planning that operate on these runtime models. To systematically address the interplay between runtime models and adaptation activities in adaptation engines, runtime megamodels have been proposed for self-adaptive software. A runtime megamodel is a specific runtime model whose elements are runtime models and adaptation activities. Thus, a megamodel captures the interplay between multiple models and between models and activities as well as the activation of the activities. In this article, we go one step further and present a modeling language for ExecUtable RuntimE MegAmodels (EUREMA) that considerably eases the development of adaptation engines by following a model-driven engineering approach. We provide a domain-specific modeling language and a runtime interpreter for adaptation engines, in particular for feedback loops. Megamodels are kept explicit and alive at runtime and by interpreting them, they are directly executed to run feedback loops. Additionally, they can be dynamically adjusted to adapt feedback loops. Thus, EUREMA supports development by making feedback loops, their runtime models, and adaptation activities explicit at a higher level of abstraction. Moreover, it enables complex solutions where multiple feedback loops interact or even operate on top of each other. Finally, it leverages the co-existence of self-adaptation and off-line adaptation for evolution. / Die Entwicklung selbst-adaptiver Software erfordert die Konstruktion einer sogenannten "Adaptation Engine", die mittels Feedbackschleifen die unterliegende Software steuert und anpasst. Die Anpassung selbst wird häufig mittels Laufzeitmodellen, die die laufende Software repräsentieren, und Aktivitäten wie beispielsweise Analyse und Planung, die diese Laufzeitmodelle nutzen, beschrieben. Um das Zusammenspiel zwischen Laufzeitmodellen und Aktivitäten systematisch zu erfassen, wurden Megamodelle zur Laufzeit für selbst-adaptive Software vorgeschlagen. Ein Megamodell zur Laufzeit ist ein spezielles Laufzeitmodell, dessen Elemente Aktivitäten und andere Laufzeitmodelle sind. Folglich erfasst ein Megamodell das Zusammenspiel zwischen verschiedenen Laufzeitmodellen und zwischen Aktivitäten und Laufzeitmodellen als auch die Aktivierung und Ausführung der Aktivitäten. Darauf aufbauend präsentieren wir in diesem Artikel eine Modellierungssprache für ausführbare Megamodelle zur Laufzeit, EUREMA genannt, die aufgrund eines modellgetriebenen Ansatzes die Entwicklung selbst-adaptiver Software erleichtert. Der Ansatz umfasst eine domänen-spezifische Modellierungssprache und einen Laufzeit-Interpreter für Adaptation Engines, insbesondere für Feedbackschleifen. EUREMA Megamodelle werden über die Spezifikationsphase hinaus explizit zur Laufzeit genutzt, um mittels Interpreter Feedbackschleifen direkt auszuführen. Zusätzlich können Megamodelle zur Laufzeit dynamisch geändert werden, um Feedbackschleifen anzupassen. Daher unterstützt EUREMA die Entwicklung selbst-adaptiver Software durch die explizite Spezifikation von Feedbackschleifen, der verwendeten Laufzeitmodelle, und Adaptionsaktivitäten auf einer höheren Abstraktionsebene. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht EUREMA komplexe Lösungskonzepte, die mehrere Feedbackschleifen und deren Interaktion wie auch die hierarchische Komposition von Feedbackschleifen umfassen. Dies unterstützt schließlich das integrierte Zusammenspiel von Selbst-Adaption und Wartung für die Evolution der Software.

Model-driven software development requires techniques to consistently propagate modifications between different related models to realize its full potential. For large-scale models, efficiency is essential in this respect. In this paper, we present an improved model synchronization algorithm based on triple graph grammars that is highly efficient and, therefore, can also synchronize large-scale models sufficiently fast. We can show, that the overall algorithm has optimal complexity if it is dominating the rule matching and further present extensive measurements that show the efficiency of the presented model transformation and synchronization technique. / Die Model-getriebene Softwareentwicklung benötigt Techniken zur Übertragung von Änderungen zwischen verschiedenen zusammenhängenden Modellen, um vollständig nutzbar zu sein. Bei großen Modellen spielt hier die Effizienz eine entscheidende Rolle. In diesem Bericht stellen wir einen verbesserten Modellsynchronisationsalgorithmus vor, der auf Tripel-Graph-Grammatiken basiert. Dieser arbeitet sehr effizient und kann auch sehr große Modelle schnell synchronisieren. Wir können zeigen, dass der Gesamtalgortihmus eine optimale Komplexität aufweist, sofern er die Ausführung dominiert. Die Effizient des Algorithmus' wird durch einige Benchmarkergebnisse belegt.