This thesis focuses on how the recently implemented automated speed enforcement (ASE) program in the City of Toronto functions as a tool of social control. Using a governmentality lens, it investigates the linkages between techniques for regulating conduct and the rationalities that justify and push citizens into modifying and constructing themselves. The central research question guiding this project is: How does automated speed enforcement (ASE) function as a mechanism of social control? The research conducted to investigate this question was divided into two stages. Phase 1 involved examining information from publicly available open datasets from the City of Toronto, the Toronto Police Service, and Ontario's Open Data Catalogue pertaining to ASE. The findings from this phase pointed to differing traffic reporting standards between stakeholders, discrepancies between the publicly stated priorities that are meant to inform the selection of locations at which ASE is installed and the location of 24 current ASE sites in the city, and gaps in ASE related information to which members of the public currently have access. Phase 2 involved conducting key informant interviewees with representatives from the City of Toronto, City Councillors, and representatives of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation. These interviews revealed that there exist informal and formalized data sharing practices among road safety stakeholders, and that despite the existence of publicly available site selection criteria ambiguities persist regarding how locations for ASE installations actually are selected. Equally noteworthy, the interviews exposed contrasting perceptions about the extent to which monetary considerations inform the deployment and use of ASE. By examining the assemblages of tools, processes, and practices comprising the City of Toronto's ASE infrastructure, this thesis sheds light on how the latter work together to regulate, shape, and function as a post-panopticon tool of social control in the City of Toronto.This thesis focuses on how the recently implemented automated speed enforcement (ASE) program in the City of Toronto functions as a tool of social control. Using a governmentality lens, it investigates the linkages between techniques for regulating conduct and the rationalities that justify and push citizens into modifying and constructing themselves. The central research question guiding this project is: How does automated speed enforcement (ASE) function as a mechanism of social control? The research conducted to investigate this question was divided into two stages. Phase 1 involved examining information from publicly available open datasets from the City of Toronto, the Toronto Police Service, and Ontario's Open Data Catalogue pertaining to ASE. The findings from this phase pointed to differing traffic reporting standards between stakeholders, discrepancies between the publicly stated priorities that are meant to inform the selection of locations at which ASE is installed and the location of 24 current ASE sites in the city, and gaps in ASE related information to which members of the public currently have access. Phase 2 involved conducting key informant interviewees with representatives from the City of Toronto, City Councillors, and representatives of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation. These interviews revealed that there exist informal and formalized data sharing practices among road safety stakeholders, and that despite the existence of publicly available site selection criteria ambiguities persist regarding how locations for ASE installations actually are selected. Equally noteworthy, the interviews exposed contrasting perceptions about the extent to which monetary considerations inform the deployment and use of ASE. By examining the assemblages of tools, processes, and practices comprising the City of Toronto's ASE infrastructure, this thesis sheds light on how the latter work together to regulate, shape, and function as a post-panopticon tool of social control in the City of Toronto.

This paper aims to explore how different design choicesaffect players perceived feelings of purposeful limitations andpredatory monetization in educational gamified software. Thisstudy, along with two others, is part of an initiative by the EUto explore teaching of a second language, in this case Russian,through gamification. Using Design Science it is the goal of thiscase study to determine whether it is possible to teach Russianwith the help of gamified software, with a progression model thatdoes not invoke feelings of predatory monetization game conceptsas seen in similar software on the market.

Background Companies realization of the possibility to target specific audiences in an intimate setting through podcasts, has created a significant expansion of the podcast industry during the last decade. This development has created possibilities for independent podcast hosts to earn revenue. Today, investments towards marketing in the medium is projected to continue to grow substantially.   Problem Since podcasts are consumer controlled and categorized as a pull-medium, listeners’ attitudes and preferences are critical for podcast hosts to consider when monetizing their content. The largest audience of podcasts is found within Generation Y, which increases the importance of accounting for these attitudes and preferences, since they are assumed to be a particularly challenging consumer segment to target.   Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationships that Generation Y have to hosts in different type of podcast categories. Following, the research aims to investigate how these relationships influence the podcasts’ possible opportunities to maximize their revenue.   Method This qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with individuals from Generation Y. The empirical data was analyzed according to the conceptual framework developed through existing literature within the field of study.      Result The findings of this research enabled the authors to provide recommendations regarding preferable forms of monetization for the four identified podcast categories. The sponsorship approach was identified as the preferable primary form of monetization for Category 1, 3 and 4. Whereas the Subscription Model was recommended for Category 2. The authors further suggested the most beneficial supplementary forms of monetization for each podcast category as well as general recommendations for all.

O agravamento de inúmeros problemas ambientais nas últimas décadas – contaminação do ar e da água, epidemias, secas prolongadas, enchentes, incêndios florestais, perdas da qualidade do solo, desastres nucleares e químicos, o crescimento do buraco na camada de ozônio e a atual escassez de água – têm emitido alertas a gestores e sociedade sobre a devida responsabilidade acerca dos recursos naturais. Nesse sentido, a valoração ou monetarização da emissão dos principais poluentes veiculares é fundamental para a formulação de políticas públicas ambientais, de gestão de transporte e trânsito que busquem resultados mais efetivos no controle das emissões. Esse trabalho apresenta uma breve discussão sobre as emissões veiculares de poluentes e as principais políticas públicas adotadas no setor e das emissões evitadas pelo uso do álcool carburante. Apresentou uma metodologia de cálculo baseada no quantitativo da frota de veículos, da intensidade de uso, dos fatores de emissão e dos valores monetários de referência de monóxido de carbono, óxido de nitrogênio, hidrocarbonetos e material particulado. Como resultado, apresenta-se as análises com seus respectivos valores das emissões referentes ao quantitativo monetário dos gases selecionados. Com o aumento do carro com tecnologia flex-fuel, observou-se a redução das emissões totais dos gases poluentes, embora a frota tenha aumentado em valores absolutos. Os valores monetários calculados por meio dos Indicadores de Monetarização de Emissões demonstraram que o monóxido de carbono é o principal responsável das emissões por automóveis que utilizam o ciclo Otto no Brasil, representando 45,7% das emissões e o valor monetário foi de R$ 4.736.386.753,28. Os hidrocarbonetos são o segundo gás mais emitido pela frota de automóveis, sendo responsável por 27,3% das emissões, e valor monetário de R$ 2.835.304.578,20. Em seguida surgem as emissões de óxido de nitrogênio, que em teve suas emissões reduzidas em 26,8% e foi responsável por R$ 2.785.548.815,02. Já as emissões de material particulado, em 2000 foram de R$ 705.307,57. Com a redução de 23%, foram responsáveis por R$ 545.752,13. Pode-se verificar, também, que o custo ambiental do período de 2000 a 2009, provocado pela frota de automóveis do ciclo Otto, dedicados ou de tecnologia flex-fuel, movidos à gasolina C e etanol hidratado, foi de R$ 10.363.277.869,40. / The worsening of numerous environmental problems in recent decades - contamination of air and water, epidemics, prolonged droughts, floods, forest fires, loss of soil quality, nuclear and chemical disasters, the hole growth in the ozone layer and the current shortage water - have issued alerts to managers and society on the proper responsibility about natural resources. In this sense, the valuation or monetization of emission of key vehicle pollutants is essential for the formulation of environmental policies, transportation management and traffic that seek more effective results in controlling emissions. This paper presents a brief discussion on vehicle emissions of pollutants and major public policies adopted in the industry and emissions avoided by the use of fuel ethanol. Presented a calculation method based on the amount of the vehicle fleet, the intensity of use, emission and monetary values of carbon monoxide reference factors, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. As a result, the analysis is presented with the respective emission values for the quantitative currency of selected gases. With increasing car with flex-fuel technology, there was a reduction of total emissions of greenhouse gases, although the fleet has increased in absolute terms. The monetary values calculated using the emissions of monetization indicators showed that carbon monoxide is primarily responsible for emissions from motor vehicles the Otto cycle in Brazil, representing 45.7% of the emissions and the monetary value was R $ 4,736 .386.753,28. Hydrocarbons are the second most gas emitted by the car fleet, accounting for 27.3% of emissions, and monetary value of R $ 2,835,304,578.20. Then come the emissions of nitrogen oxide, which had its emission reductions of 26.8% and accounted for R $ 2,785,548,815.02. While emissions of particulate matter in 2000 were R $ 705,307.57. With the reduction of 23%, accounted for R $ 545,752.13. You can also check that the environmental cost for the period 2000-2009, caused by the fleet of vehicles of the Otto cycle, dedicated or flex-fuel technology, moved to C gasoline and hydrous ethanol was R $ 10,363,277,869 40.

Esta tese analisa os Akwẽ-Xerente no Tocantins: território indígena, as questões socioambientais e as transformações econômicas vivenciadas no território dos Akwẽ-Xerente. As análises sobre as fronteiras impostas pelo processo de colonização no Brasil e aquelas que perduram até os dias atuais nos colocam diante da questão indígena e de toda violência sofrida por esses povos, desde o momento dos primeiros contatos com os europeus. Por outro lado, ao ampliarmos o nosso horizonte de pesquisa e estudo, a chamada questão indígena nos apresenta novos elementos, muitas vezes ignorados nos estudos sobre os indígenas no que se referem à sua capacidade de recriação, de reorganização social e resistência. Em uma perspectiva marxista, considera-se a sociedade capitalista fundada na propriedade privada dos meios de produção e na exploração da classe trabalhadora que, despojada dos meios de produção, é compelida a vender, invariavelmente, sua força de trabalho. E que o papel primordial do Estado é defender os interesses da classe dominante sobre o conjunto da sociedade. Assim, a história de contato interétnico e a conquista do território dos Akwẽ-Xerente, no centro-oeste do estado do Tocantins, são marcadas por grandes conflitos com fazendeiros, grileiros e posseiros. A pesquisa de campo e as análises trazem os encaminhamentos de que os Akwẽ-Xerente estão em uma dinâmica de contradições sob o desafio da permanência da organização política e cultural, da língua entre os jovens indígenas e da sobrevivência econômica e social dentro e fora do seu território. Nessa problemática situa-se as interferências das políticas públicas federais, que incluem novas formas de se relacionarem com o Estado e as mudanças oriundas das pressões exercidas pela cultura de massa capitalista, o consumo invadindo o cotidiano dos Akwẽ-Xerente, as relações de trabalho e o uso do dinheiro, que são reorganizados dentro da cultura indígena que altera o modo de vida destes em um processo de monetarização das relações sociais e da vida. Entretanto, não entendida como relações capitalistas de expropriação e nem de acumulação de bens e de riquezas. / This thesis analyzes the Akwe-Xerente in Tocantins: indigenous territory and environmental issues, social, economic and environmental changes experienced in the territory of Akwe-Xerente. The analysis of the borders imposed by colonization process in Brazil and those that persist to the present day provide us with the indigenous question and all violence suffered by these people, from the moment of first contact with Europeans. On the other hand, to expand our horizon of research and study, the so-called indigenous issues presents new elements often ignored in studies on indigenous, referred to its recreation capacity, social reorganization and resistance. In a Marxist perspective, it is considered that the capitalist society based on private ownership of the means of production and the exploitation of the working class, deprived of means of production, is compelled to sell invariably their workforce. And that the primary role of the state is to defend the interests of the ruling class on the whole of society and the interethnic contact history, and the conquest of the territory of Akwe-Xerente in the midwestern state of Tocantins, is marked by great conflicts with farmers, squatters and squatters. The field research and analysis bring referrals to Akwe-Xerente are in a dynamic of contradictions, where the challenge of the permanence of cultural political organization and language among indigenous youth and the economic and social survival within and outside its territory. The problem built mainly in the interference of the federal public policies and their changes in relations with the state and the capitalist mass culture, consumption invading the daily lives of Akwe-Xerente that labor relations and the use of money are rearranged within the indigenous culture that changes the way of life of this in a process of monetization of relationships and life. However not understood as capitalist relations of expropriation nor accumulation of property and wealth.

Building a new infrastructure facility requires a significant amount of time and expense. This is particularly true for investments in transportation for their longstanding and great degree of impact on society. The scope of time and money involved does not mean, however, we only focus on the economies of scale and may ignore other aspects of the built environment. To this extent, how can we achieve a more balanced perspective in infrastructure decision-making? In addition, what aspects should be considered when making more sustainable decisions about transportation investments? These two questions are the foundations of this study. This dissertation shares its process in part with a previous research project – Texas Urban Triangle (TUT). Although the TUT research generated diverse variables and created possible implementations of spatial decision support system (SDSS), the methodology still demands improvement. The current method has been developed to create suitable routes but is not designed to rank or make comparisons. This is admittedly one of the biggest shortfalls in the general SDSS approach, but is also where I see as an opportunity to make alternative interpretation more comprehensive and effective. The main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) that will lead to more balanced decision-making in transportation investment and optimize the most sustainable high-speed rail (HSR) route. The decision support system developed here explicitly elaborates the advantages and disadvantages of a transportation corridor in three particular perspectives: construction (fixed costs); operation (maintenance costs); and externalities (social and environmental costs), with a specific focus on environmental externalities. Considering more environmental features in rail routing will offset short-term economic losses and creates more sustainable environments in long-term infrastructure planning.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um método monetário de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial que contemple as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. Para tanto, se propõe a: (i) estudar de forma exploratória o tema avaliação da sustentabilidade a fim de proporcionar uma maior familiarização com o mesmo e identificar suas lacunas; (ii) identificar a estrutura de avaliação da sustentabilidade a ser utilizada como base; (iii) monetizar os itens de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial; (iv) avaliar e aprimorar o método desenvolvido através da análise de especialistas e da aplicação do mesmo na realidade de uma empresa. O método proposto permite a avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial em uma unidade de medida comumente utilizada pelas empresas, simples e compreensível, a unidade monetária, que possibilita a comparação direta em bases homogêneas. Além disso, a unidade monetária é muito importante para as empresas, visto que seu objetivo é gerar retorno financeiro. A avaliação global do desempenho da empresa é dada pelo soma dos custos ambientais e sociais e dos benefícios econômicos gerados. Quando o resultado for negativo, significa que os custos causados pela empresa são maiores que os benefícios e, portanto, a operação da mesma não traz vantagens para a sociedade, sendo recomendado que reverta essa situação ou pare de operar. Por outro lado, quando os benefícios forem maiores que os custos, a operação da empresa agrega valor para a sociedade. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a empresa deve sempre focar em minimizar custos ambientais e sociais. Assim, o método proposto contribui para orientar as empresas na busca de formas de atuação socialmente e ambientalmente benéficas, uma vez que orienta a diminuição dos custos relacionados a essas dimensões. O método demonstra como monetizar os itens de avaliação, a partir de dados da empresa e estimativas. Entende-se que o desafio de desenvolver um método com esta finalidade é grande, devido à complexidade das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Consequentemente, este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura completa de avaliação monetária da sustentabilidade empresarial, mas que deve ser considerada preliminar, aberta a complementações e aprimoramentos. / This study's main objective is to propose a corporate sustainability assessment monetary model that addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions. For this, the thesis intends: (i) to study the sustainability assessment and identify gaps, (ii) to identify a framework for sustainability assessment to be used as a basis, (iii) to monetize the assessment items, (iv) to evaluate and improve the method through expert analysis and field application. The proposed model allows the corporate sustainability assessment in a unit of measure commonly used by companies, simple and understandable, the monetary unit, which allows direct comparison on homogeneous bases. Moreover, the monetary unit is very important for companies, since their goal is to generate financial return. The overall company assessment performance is given by the sum of the environmental and social costs and economic benefits. When the result is negative, it means that the costs incurred by the company are greater than the benefits, so the operation does not bring benefits to society and is recommended to reverse this situation or stop trading. On the other hand, when the benefits outweigh the costs, the operation of the company adds value to society. However, it is emphasized that the company should always focus on minimizing environmental and social costs. Thus, the model helps to guide companies on ways of acting socially and environmentally beneficial, since it guides the cost decrease in these dimensions. The model demonstrates how to monetize the assessment items from the enterprise data and estimates. It is understood that the challenge of developing a model for this purpose is large due to the complexity of social, environmental and economic issues. Consequently, this paper presents a complete corporate sustainability monetary assessment that should be considered a preliminary attempt, open to additions and improvements.

This Master thesis studies the reasoning of users towards the monetization of their data as part of social networking sites’ (SNS) business model and takes into consideration the ethical dimension of businesses. As the Cambridge Analytica Scandal highlighted, people are concerned about how SNS use their data, especially when third parties are involved. To study our topic, we investigated it into three sub-purposes: first of all, we aimed to get a deeper understanding about how people use and perceive Facebook. Then, we searched information about how people think and reason regarding the current offer about having a free registration while this involves giving SNS private data. This system may raise corporate ethical questions from a consumer perspective. Finally, for the third sub-purpose, we looked at the users’ attitudes and behaviors towards Facebook’s data monetization.   This study was conducted using a qualitative method. We opted for three focus groups gathering four to five people each to understand how people interact to each other’s responses and arguments about the six core questions we asked them, letting concerns and argues take place. By conducting focus groups, we were able to get a deeper understanding about people’s reasoning regarding the data monetization of their own private data but also how they might react if an alternative to Facebook would emerge. To analyze what has been said during the three focus groups, we used a thematic network analysis and generating four main themes: users’ perception and use of Facebook, users’ understanding about data monetization, users’ attitude about this aspect of Facebook’s business model and finally users’ behavior. We found a behavior-intention gap. People are actually aware of the data monetization of their own private data but that scandals do not affect their behavior as they keep using Facebook. However, they started to minimize their use of Facebook way before the scandal because of the data monetization. They consider the corporate ethical consideration as an important insight while using a SNS and could leave the social networking site for another one, if the network effect was not so powerful.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um método monetário de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial que contemple as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. Para tanto, se propõe a: (i) estudar de forma exploratória o tema avaliação da sustentabilidade a fim de proporcionar uma maior familiarização com o mesmo e identificar suas lacunas; (ii) identificar a estrutura de avaliação da sustentabilidade a ser utilizada como base; (iii) monetizar os itens de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial; (iv) avaliar e aprimorar o método desenvolvido através da análise de especialistas e da aplicação do mesmo na realidade de uma empresa. O método proposto permite a avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial em uma unidade de medida comumente utilizada pelas empresas, simples e compreensível, a unidade monetária, que possibilita a comparação direta em bases homogêneas. Além disso, a unidade monetária é muito importante para as empresas, visto que seu objetivo é gerar retorno financeiro. A avaliação global do desempenho da empresa é dada pelo soma dos custos ambientais e sociais e dos benefícios econômicos gerados. Quando o resultado for negativo, significa que os custos causados pela empresa são maiores que os benefícios e, portanto, a operação da mesma não traz vantagens para a sociedade, sendo recomendado que reverta essa situação ou pare de operar. Por outro lado, quando os benefícios forem maiores que os custos, a operação da empresa agrega valor para a sociedade. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a empresa deve sempre focar em minimizar custos ambientais e sociais. Assim, o método proposto contribui para orientar as empresas na busca de formas de atuação socialmente e ambientalmente benéficas, uma vez que orienta a diminuição dos custos relacionados a essas dimensões. O método demonstra como monetizar os itens de avaliação, a partir de dados da empresa e estimativas. Entende-se que o desafio de desenvolver um método com esta finalidade é grande, devido à complexidade das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Consequentemente, este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura completa de avaliação monetária da sustentabilidade empresarial, mas que deve ser considerada preliminar, aberta a complementações e aprimoramentos. / This study's main objective is to propose a corporate sustainability assessment monetary model that addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions. For this, the thesis intends: (i) to study the sustainability assessment and identify gaps, (ii) to identify a framework for sustainability assessment to be used as a basis, (iii) to monetize the assessment items, (iv) to evaluate and improve the method through expert analysis and field application. The proposed model allows the corporate sustainability assessment in a unit of measure commonly used by companies, simple and understandable, the monetary unit, which allows direct comparison on homogeneous bases. Moreover, the monetary unit is very important for companies, since their goal is to generate financial return. The overall company assessment performance is given by the sum of the environmental and social costs and economic benefits. When the result is negative, it means that the costs incurred by the company are greater than the benefits, so the operation does not bring benefits to society and is recommended to reverse this situation or stop trading. On the other hand, when the benefits outweigh the costs, the operation of the company adds value to society. However, it is emphasized that the company should always focus on minimizing environmental and social costs. Thus, the model helps to guide companies on ways of acting socially and environmentally beneficial, since it guides the cost decrease in these dimensions. The model demonstrates how to monetize the assessment items from the enterprise data and estimates. It is understood that the challenge of developing a model for this purpose is large due to the complexity of social, environmental and economic issues. Consequently, this paper presents a complete corporate sustainability monetary assessment that should be considered a preliminary attempt, open to additions and improvements.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um método monetário de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial que contemple as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. Para tanto, se propõe a: (i) estudar de forma exploratória o tema avaliação da sustentabilidade a fim de proporcionar uma maior familiarização com o mesmo e identificar suas lacunas; (ii) identificar a estrutura de avaliação da sustentabilidade a ser utilizada como base; (iii) monetizar os itens de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial; (iv) avaliar e aprimorar o método desenvolvido através da análise de especialistas e da aplicação do mesmo na realidade de uma empresa. O método proposto permite a avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial em uma unidade de medida comumente utilizada pelas empresas, simples e compreensível, a unidade monetária, que possibilita a comparação direta em bases homogêneas. Além disso, a unidade monetária é muito importante para as empresas, visto que seu objetivo é gerar retorno financeiro. A avaliação global do desempenho da empresa é dada pelo soma dos custos ambientais e sociais e dos benefícios econômicos gerados. Quando o resultado for negativo, significa que os custos causados pela empresa são maiores que os benefícios e, portanto, a operação da mesma não traz vantagens para a sociedade, sendo recomendado que reverta essa situação ou pare de operar. Por outro lado, quando os benefícios forem maiores que os custos, a operação da empresa agrega valor para a sociedade. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a empresa deve sempre focar em minimizar custos ambientais e sociais. Assim, o método proposto contribui para orientar as empresas na busca de formas de atuação socialmente e ambientalmente benéficas, uma vez que orienta a diminuição dos custos relacionados a essas dimensões. O método demonstra como monetizar os itens de avaliação, a partir de dados da empresa e estimativas. Entende-se que o desafio de desenvolver um método com esta finalidade é grande, devido à complexidade das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Consequentemente, este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura completa de avaliação monetária da sustentabilidade empresarial, mas que deve ser considerada preliminar, aberta a complementações e aprimoramentos. / This study's main objective is to propose a corporate sustainability assessment monetary model that addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions. For this, the thesis intends: (i) to study the sustainability assessment and identify gaps, (ii) to identify a framework for sustainability assessment to be used as a basis, (iii) to monetize the assessment items, (iv) to evaluate and improve the method through expert analysis and field application. The proposed model allows the corporate sustainability assessment in a unit of measure commonly used by companies, simple and understandable, the monetary unit, which allows direct comparison on homogeneous bases. Moreover, the monetary unit is very important for companies, since their goal is to generate financial return. The overall company assessment performance is given by the sum of the environmental and social costs and economic benefits. When the result is negative, it means that the costs incurred by the company are greater than the benefits, so the operation does not bring benefits to society and is recommended to reverse this situation or stop trading. On the other hand, when the benefits outweigh the costs, the operation of the company adds value to society. However, it is emphasized that the company should always focus on minimizing environmental and social costs. Thus, the model helps to guide companies on ways of acting socially and environmentally beneficial, since it guides the cost decrease in these dimensions. The model demonstrates how to monetize the assessment items from the enterprise data and estimates. It is understood that the challenge of developing a model for this purpose is large due to the complexity of social, environmental and economic issues. Consequently, this paper presents a complete corporate sustainability monetary assessment that should be considered a preliminary attempt, open to additions and improvements.