No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

BACKGROUND: Rates of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity are higher in New York City (NYC) than nationally, with Black birthing people experiencing the worst maternal outcomes, followed by Latina/e and Asian/Pacific Islander birthing people. This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to engaging in maternal self-care and maternal health care to support the design of a stakeholder- informed maternal community health worker (CHW) model in NYC. The study also identified key intervention components and strategies for adoption, implementation, and sustainability. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with prenatal and postpartum people (N=38) from a large teaching hospital in Upper Manhattan serving a racially and ethnically diverse patient population and with a cross-section of professionals (N=15) delivering maternal health care. Interviews took place between November 2020 and August 2022. Thematic analyses were conducted to uncover findings to inform program vii design, with the Intervention Mapping framework guiding this process. RESULTS: Findings reveal a range of barriers and facilitators to maternal self-care and health care engagement. Barriers included lack of transportation and childcare, delayed introduction of resources by the health care team, lack of care continuity, and experience with and concerns about disrespectful or discriminatory care. Additional barriers from the COVID-19 pandemic included disruptions to social support networks, childcare, and health care experience. Facilitators included information and advice from family, friends, and social media, positive coping skills, and trusted relationships with obstetric providers. Prenatal and postpartum participants recommended program components that provide emotional and instrumental support, and viewed the CHW as a someone they can trust to provide support and advice. Maternal health professionals recommended patient education and skills-building, and a focus on patients with high-risk pregnancies and chronic conditions. Maternal health professionals also recommended early staff and patient buy-in, clear definition of the CHW role, strong supervisory structure, and external seed funding. CONCLUSION: A needs and assets assessment using the Intervention Mapping framework was critical to design a stakeholder-informed and evidence-based maternal community health worker model. These findings include lessons learned for similar health systems seeking to develop community-based care models to address maternal health inequities and improve outcomes. / 2026-01-03T00:00:00Z

Social determinants of health are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, most research evaluating this relationship have been case studies, retrospective cohort studies, and case series studies and/or have used use analytic techniques, such as linear regression, that can struggle to adequately model the social determinants' complex nature. This study used United States county-level social determinants of health data and March 2020-December 2020 COVID-19 morbidity and mortality data. Structural equation modeling was used to develop a latent measurement model for the social determinants of health. Substantial cross-loadings among the social determinants of health precluded the estimation of the originally proposed measurement model. However, a more parsimonious model was estimated, with adequate factor loadings and model fit statistics. A multi-level, two-part structural equation model further validated the relationship between social determinants of health and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The model's predictive performance was moderate to strong, which validates and extends previous research using structural equation modeling to evaluate the relationship between social determinants of health and COVID-19 morbidity. The study adds to the theoretical and empirical foundation supporting the use of structural equation modeling to study the social determinants of health.

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) has been used for more than 100 years to enhance the physiologic process of labor and delivery by normalizing pelvic structures and providing adequate blood supply to the uterus. Since maternal morbidity and mortality is a major health concern for developing countries, it was desirable to explore the benefits of OMT. After IRB approval by the Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine and Virginia Tech, the research was conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic at Hospital Maternidad Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia to determine the relationship of OMT during labor and delivery on rates of cesarean section and perineal lacerations/ episiotomies. Qualifying candidates received the next sequentially numbered envelope with a randomized number assigning her to either the treatment or control group. Staff physicians at the hospital provided care to women in the control group according to their standard protocol. Four Osteopathic Physicians and one pre-doctoral OMM fellow performed OMT on women during the first and second stages of labor and performed their deliveries. There were 33 parturients in the OMT Treatment group and 32 in the control, for a total of 65 in the trial. The results of a logistic regression analysis using Wald criterion, with a statistical significance of alpha = 0.05, indicated treatment group reduction of rates of episiotomies in the primiparous (P = .04) and marginal significance in the combined primiparous and multiparous population (P = .05). The percentage of episiotomies in the primiparous treatment group was 35.29% and 75% in the control group. The percentage of episiotomies in the combined primiparous and multiparous groups were 15.15% in the treatment group and 37.5% in the control group. The cesarean rate for the treatment group was 9.09% and 18.75% for the control group (P = 0.098). The percentages of grade I & II perineal lacerations were 15.15% for the treatment group and 12.5% for the control group (P = 0.55) due to the extensive use of episiotomies in the control group. There were composite calculations made of the total number of parturients who had either a cesarean section, an episiotomy, or a perineal laceration so that overall maternal morbidity in each group could be compared. In the combined groups, there were fourteen total parturients (42.42%) who had undergone one of the three outcomes measures in the treatment group and twenty-one (65.63%) in the control group. This brings an odds ratio of 0.200 and a significant P value of 0.0235. Though cross-cultural issues made it difficult to perform the research as originally intended, there is evidence that Osteopathic Obstetrics provides benefit to parturients. A multi-institutional randomized controlled trial is proposed as the next step for the evaluation of OMT during labor and delivery. / Ph. D.

I dagens samhälle bemöts patienter med psykisk ohälsa och beroende-problematik inom psykiatriskvård inte alltid med respekt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta personer med psykisk ohälsa och beroendeproblematik inom psykaitrisk vård. Tio sjuksköterskor inom sluten-och öppenpsykaitrisk vård deltog. Data samlades in genom narrativa intervjuer. Materialet analyserades med hjälp avkvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev hinder och möjligheter i bemötandet av personer med psykisk ohälsa och beroendeproblematik. Hinderför ett gott bemötande var krävande patienter, osäkerhet och brister i verksamheten. Möjligheter för ett gott bemötande var relationsarbete och trygghet. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att det var en svår patientgrupp att möta samtidigt som mycket kunskap saknades angående beroendeproblematik. Sjuksköterskorna kunde känna sig psykiskt påverkade av arbetet och en stor osäkerhet fanns gällande bedömningar och omvårdnad. Trots svårigheterna att möta patienter med beroendeproblematik beskrevs arbetet som intressant, utmanande och ett privilegium. Trygghet beskrevs öka med erfarenhet och med bra samarbete och stöd från kollegorna. Om inte sjuksköterskors kunskap angående beroendeproblematik tillgodoses och ökas finns en risk för allvarliga brister inom den psykiatriska vården.

Systemische Infektionen mit S. aureus (MSSA und MRSA) und Infektionen des Gefäßzugangs bei HD-Patienten sind eine der wichtigsten Ursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität in dieser speziellen Population. Infektionsrisikos stellen die zunehmende Verwendung von Fremdkörpern, wie Katheter und Graft als Gefäßzugänge, sowie die intensivmedizinische Behandlung bei älteren und multimorbiden Patienten dar. Unter den bakteriell bedingten Infektionen bleiben Staphylokokken der am häufigsten nachgewiesene Stamm. Mit dem zunehmenden Gebrauch von Vancomycin zur Behandlung von MSSA-Infektionen hat das Vorkommen von MRSA zugenommen. Dies macht die Entwicklung von alternativen Antibiotikaregimen nötig, die eine Selektion von MRSA-Spezies verhindern. Unter dieser Überlegung wurde auf die Behandlung mit Vancomycin bei Zugangs-bezogenen Infektionen verzichtet. Es wurde im Jahr 2000 durch ein Standardregime bestehend aus Flucloxacillin und Rifampicin ersetzt. Mithilfe eines Screeningprogramms wurde nach MSSA- (n=88) und MRSA- (n=1) Kolonisationen gesucht. Dies gelang mit Hilfe von Querschnitts-Screenings und Indikations-Screeninguntersuchungen bei Aufnahme über den Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2010. Eine Besiedlung mit MRSA wurde bei nur einem Patienten während des 10-Jahres-Screenings registriert. Die gefundenen MSSA-Kolonisationen bei HD-Patienten beeinflussten die Morbidität und Mortalität nicht. Die Anzahl an HD-Patienten mit MSSA-Kolonisation nahm während des Beobachtungszeitraums von zehn Jahren ab Behandlungen mit dem Vancomycin-freien Regime waren generell erfolgreich und resultierten in einem Rückgang der klinischen und laborativen Infektionsmarker und/oder negativen Blutkulturen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit dem Gebrauch von vancomycinfreien Antibiotikaregimen ein erfolgreiches Management von Staphylokokkus-assoziierten Zugangsinfektionen bei HD-Patienten möglich ist.