Idag råder en bostadsbrist på Stockholms bostadsmarknad som det inte finns en snabb hållbar lösning på. Ofta talas det om att det är omöjligt att erhålla ett förstahandskontrakt till en hyreslägenhet, vilket leder till att andrahandsmarknaden och den svarta marknaden växer. Samtidigt råder debatt kring att hyresrätter är att kasta pengar i sjön och att det är bostadsrätter konsumenten ska investera i. Ägarlägenheter nämns sällan som ett alternativ och i vissa artiklar har konsumenter även varnats för att köpa ägarlägenheter då de anses vara för dyra. Det saknas idag konkreta exempel på kalkyler för vad som faktiskt är mest ekonomiskt fördelaktigt, vilket denna uppsats syftar till att redogöra för. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken av upplåtelseformerna hyresrätt, bostadsrätt och ägarlägenhet som är mest ekonomiskt gynnsam att bo i från ett konsumentperspektiv. En litteraturstudie genomfördes med syfte att sammanställa relevant och aktuell information och liknande arbeten studerades. Därutöver genomfördes en kostnadskalkyl för lägenheter, tillhandahållna av byggherren JM, i området Dalénum på Lidingö. Sist genomfördes en enkätundersökning med syfte att redogöra vilken uppfattning som råder hos konsumenter kring vilken upplåtelseform som mest ekonomiskt gynnsam. Resultaten visar att ägarlägenheter är det mest ekonomiskt gynnsamma alternativet bland berörda upplåtelseformer. Ägarlägenheter medför dock större ansvar eftersom konsumenten äger hela lägenheten, vilket också innebär störst frihet. Enkätundersökningen visar att respondenterna har uppfattningen om att bostadsrätter är den mest ekonomiskt gynnsamma ägandeformen. En del av respondenterna som var mest intresserade av bostadsrätter trodde samtidigt att det råder en bostadsbubbla som är på väg att spricka. Slutsatsen som dras i arbetet är framförallt att även om ägarlägenheter är den mest ekonomiska gynnsamma boendeformen för nybyggda flerbostadshus, finns det inte ett tillräckligt utbud på marknaden. Samtidigt visar enkätundersökningen att det råder stor okunskap kring upplåtelseformerna. / A housing shortage is an occurring fact on today's housing market in Stockholm. A common apprehension is that it is close to impossible to obtain a first-hand contract on today’s market, which leads to an increased second hand market and an expansion of the black market. Meanwhile there is an ongoing debate on how renting an apartment is equivalent to throwing money down the drain and that consumers should invest in a co-operative apartment instead. Condominiums are rarely referred to as an alternative and consumers are even warned about high prices in some articles. There is a lack of research when it comes comparing the profitability between forms of tenure, which is what this essay aims to supply.  The aim for this project is to study which form of tenure is the most profitable to live in for a consumer, from an economic point of view. A study of literature was completed to present all relevant and current information within the subject. Previous studies that relate to the subject was evaluated and presented. A cost estimate was performed on the apartments (provided by the constructor JM) within the area of Dalénum at Lidingö. A survey was completed to understand what knowledge consumers have within the subject of tenures and which form of tenure they believe is the most profitable financially. The results show that condominiums are the most beneficial alternative economically. Although condominiums involve a bigger responsibility as the consumer owns the apartment, they also provide a larger operating freedom. The survey shows that the respondents believe that co-operative apartments are the most beneficial tenure economically. Some of the respondents that were interested in consuming a co-operative apartment also believed that a housing bubble is occurring on today’s market and that it is likely to burst. The conclusion in this essay is foremost that even if condominiums are the most beneficial form of tenure economically among apartments, the present supply is not enough. At the same time the survey shows there the respondents lack knowledge about the different tenures.

我國銀行業於1991年開放新民營銀行設立，使得整體銀行的服務水準得以提升，新金融商品的開發更加快速，但利率自由化，以及各銀行採取價格競爭策略爭取客戶之作法，使得存放款利差日益縮小，各項經營風險隨之提高。金融機構惡性競爭不僅導致銀行授信品質日益惡化，同時也壓縮了銀行的獲利能力。近年來台灣經濟的不景氣與金融環境快速的變化，金融業的競爭優勢將取決於對市場、顧客及競爭同業能否做出最佳及最具差異化之決策。然而金融業收入之穩定來源，取決於企業流程作業之有效性，企業需要檢視其作業流程以消除無效率及無附加價值的作業，以降低成本、提升作業效率及效能。本研究應用企業流程資訊有機體分析架構(Tsaih and Lin 2006)，透過重現、系統化分析個案公司之房貸業務授信循環流程，並於評估流程實作後，提出相對應之作業流程及管理資訊之改善建議與管理議題，以提供個案公司做為未來管理房貸授信風險決策之參考。 / The deregulation of the Taiwan Banking industry started in 1991 has enhanced the quality of the financial service as well as speeded up the development of new financial products. The deregulation not only leads to the liberation of interest rate but also opens up the price competition between banks in order to attract customer and keep continuous sales growth. Such effect has depressed the spread of interest rate and instigated various operating risks. The cutthroat competition between banks results in deterioration of credit granting quality and reducetion in profitability. Due to the economic recession in Taiwan and the fast changing of financial environment in the recent years, the competitive advantages of the financial industry are determined by whether a bank is capable of making the best and differentiated reactions to market, customers and its competitors. The stability of the income generation to the financial industry depends mostly on the effectiveness and efficiency of the business processes. It is essential for an organization to oversee its business process to reduce less efficient, non-value-adding activities and costs. This study, based on an application to the Process-Wide Information Organism approach (Tsaih and Lin. 2006), investigates the mortgage loan business process of the subject company. By reconstructing and analyzing the practice of granting a mortgage loan, this study is able to provide corresponding suggestions with respect to process improvements and related managerial implications to the subject company.

This thesis deals with current issues relating to the mortgage market. The aim of the thesis is to analyse factors which influence the mortgage market in the Czech Republic and to describe their influence on the quantities of mortgages within last 10 years (2002-2011). The theoretical part introduces basic concepts related to the mortgage market, the legislation and chosen factors that could have an influence on the quantities of mortgages. Among these factors were chosen GDP, the rate of unemployment, the inflation rate and the interest rate of mortgage loans. One part deals with mortgage crises which came into existence in the USA in 2007 and had an impact on economics of other countries. In practical part there is an introduction into development of chosen factors and then there is finding out whether these factors influence the quantity of mortgages.

The topic of this diploma work is "Financing of the real property''. The aim of this work is comparing the possibilities of financing the acquisition of the real estate by the building savings and by the mortgage loan with the aim of an interpretation the most optimal form of the financing of the real property for the client which suits his conditions. The theoretical part is attended to the characteristics of the forms of financing the acquisition of real property, especially the characteristic of building savings and mortgage loan, its legislative form, building saving stages and a disposal of the mortgage loan. In the practical part of this work are the theoretical recourses applied with the intention of a model interested person in acquiring property. There are also described possibilities of financing the housing by building savings and mortgage loans, which are offered by selected institutions for the client. On the basis of these possibilities is made an analysis of the most optimal form of financing the real estate.

The thesis deals with the analysis of mortgage products, their supply on the market and their development in the Czech Republic. In the introduction the mortgage loan is defined and legally defined. In the second chapter describes how mortgage loans are divided and what the current situation on the market of these products. Another section is devoted to mortgage bonds as a security that is closely related mortgage loans. In conclusion, the author decided to look for a mortgage with a macroeconomic perspective. Work includes several tables and graphs, on which issues more clearly described. The annex contains an application for a mortgage loan, announcement of Wüstenrot hypoteční banka a. s. about the issue of mortgage bonds and the method of calculating tested hypotheses.

My thesis focuses on the analysis of financial instruments suitable to finance own housing available in the Czech Republic, especially on mortgages, building savings loans and consumer loans, from the client's perspective. The first chapter presents these three selected options, describes them along with their most important parameters. The second chapter presents three main financial groups in the Czech Republic alongside with their selected products. Individual products are compared and evaluated using preselected examples: buying a property and a reconstruction. Last chapter describes the most common influences on the demand for loan products to finance own housing and analyses them, focusing on the interest rates and the inflation rate.

The Diploma thesis is focused on the mortgage loan as a part of national economy. It deals with the main features of the mortgage market in the Czech Republic. The objective/aim of this thesis is to analyze the dependence of the mortgage loans on the development of the selected macroeconomic indicators. This dependence will be firstly described theoretically and verified by the statistical methods afterwards. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the theoretical characteristics of the mortgage loans. The next part, which deals with the analysis of the mortgage market, is divided into several stages according to the mortgage market development. The third part deals with the macroeconomic importance of the mortgage loans and examines the dependence of the mortgage market development on the selected quantities. The hypotheses expressed in the previous part are verified by using statistical analysis in the last part of this thesis.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the factors influencing the mortgage market in the Czech Republic. The first part explains the basic terms related to the mortgage loan. Then follow characteristics of different mortgage loans which a client is able to get on the local market. Next there is a description of the history of mortgage lending in the Czech Republic and its development to the present day. The first chapter of the analytical part defines the factors which has influence on the development of the mortgage market. In the next chapter these macroeconomic factors are analyzed and evaluated. The objective of the work is to create a simplified model describing the interaction of macroeconomic variables and the mortgage market, used to estimate the future development and managing banking risk.

This diploma thesis is focused on mortgage loan as a product for financing own housing and on analysis of development of mortgage loans depending on macroeconomic indicators. The thesis also includes definition of the most important risks related to mortgage loan, connection with real estate market, importance of property lien and forms of national financial aid of financing housing. At the conclusion of the thesis illustrative case showing choice of appropriate mortgage loan is mentioned.

This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of the investment to purchase of a residential building in Brno-Řečkovice. The evaluation is based on the quantification of all costs and revenues associated with the long–term renting of apartments or selling them for short–term appreciation of invested funds. The important factor for achieving the desired return on investment is demand of the real estate market. The criteria that influence demand on the real estate market also influence the usual selling prices or rental revenues of residential units.