The purpose of this study was to determine whether the job satisfaction and motivating potential of nursing jobs would be higher for nurses using Patient Focused Care (PFC) compared with nurses not using PFC. Nurses from a large metropolitan hospital served as subjects. Data were collected using three instruments designed to measure job satisfaction and motivating potential. Those instruments were the Job Diagnostic Survey, the Job Descriptive Inventory, and the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. It was hypothesized that nurses working on PFC nursing units would demonstrate greater job satisfaction and motivating potential than nurses working on non-PFC nursing units. The hypotheses were not supported. Results were explained by, among other things, accounting for the nature of the instruments used. The two instruments which gave data counter to the hypothesized direction were not nursing-oriented.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur ledare arbetar med motivation när ledare och medarbetare har ett geografiskt avstånd mellan varandra. Studien kommer för organisationer med ledarskap på distans bidra med kunskap om hur motivationsarbete kan utföras trots en fysisk distans. Frågeställningen till studien är hur ledare motiverar anställda på distans och vad det finns för möjligheter till förbättring av motivationsarbetet? Då studien utgår från ett synsätt där vi utifrån intervjuer tolkat och analyserat individer och dess beteende har vi för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågan och uppfylla studiens syfte valt en kvalitativ metod med kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi har kommit fram till att motiverande ledarskap på distans i bemanningsföretag kräver resurser och tid på grund av det geografiska avståndet. Att motivera sina medarbetare kräver av ledaren extra ansträngningar då daglig interaktion uteblir. Därför har vi kommit fram till att motivationsarbete är något som måste planeras in i arbetet tillsammans med de dagliga rutinerna. Annars finns det risk för att motivationsarbetet blir bortprioriterat bland administrativa uppgifter. / The purpose of this study is to explore how leaders work with motivation when a geographical distance exists between the leader and coworker. The study will contribute with awareness of how motivational work can be continued despite the existence of physical distance for organizations that utilize leadership at a distance. The research question for this study is how leaders motivate their employees at a distance and what opportunities for improvement to the motivational work exist? Since the study is based on the approach of interpreting interviews and analyzing individuals and their behaviors, we have chosen to answer the research question and satisfy the purpose of the study using a qualitative method with qualitative interviews. The research has lead us to conclude that the required motivational leadership for recruitment companies demands time and resources due to the geographical distance. In the absence of daily interaction additional endeavors are required of the leader in order to motivate their coworkers. This is why we have reached the conclusion that any motivational work need to be planned and incorporated into the daily routines. Otherwise there is a risk that the motivational work is neglected amongst the administrative tasks.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a growing disease that affects both adults and children. Common risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 are low physical activity and abdominal obesity. The disease can bring complications such as cardiovascular disease and hypoglycemia. Pre-diabetes is a pre-stage to develop diabetes mellitus type 2. However, lifestyle changes can prevent the progress of diabetes mellitus type 2. In order to make the lifestyle changes that are required, motivation is of great importance. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe experiences of furtherance and inhibitive motivational factors to lifestyle changes among persons with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: The method used was a literature study based on qualitative research. The articles in the study were analyzed accordingly to Friberg's five step model and resulted in three themes and eight sub-themes. Results: The themes were; an internal motivating force, support from the surrounding as a motivational factor and inner and outer barriers that inhibit for the motivation. In order to support and motivate persons with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2 the nurse must understand what it is that helps persons find the motivation to make lifestyle changes. Conclusion: Promoting and inhibiting motivational factors for lifestyle changes varies from person to person. / Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en sjukdom som ökar i hela världen. Prediabetes är ett förstadium till diabetes mellitus typ 2. Tidigare forskning visar att livsstilsförändringar är grundläggande för att förhindra riskfaktorer och komplikationer. Motivation är en förutsättning hos personen med diabetes mellitus typ 2 för att genomföra och bibehålla en livsstilsförändring. Sjuksköterskan har en betydelsefull funktion genom att ge stöd och motivera personerna. Vad är det som anses främja och hindra motivationen? Detta examensarbete beskriver personers erfarenheter av faktorer som främjade och hindrade motivationen till livsstilsförändringar vid prediabetes och diabetes mellitus typ 2. Tio artiklar som behandlar ämnet har bearbetats och utifrån dessa har teman utformats. Resultatet visade att inre drivkraft och stöd från omgivningen var betydelsefulla motiverande faktorer till skillnad från inre och yttre barriärer som istället var hindrade för motivationen. Den inre drivkraften är viktig men individuell och sjuksköterskan bör ha ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt för att kartlägga vad som anses motiverande till livsstilsförändring. Mer forskning krävs kring motiverande faktorer till livsstilsförändringar samt sjuksköterskans förmåga att kunna motivera.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T13:52:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gleyciane Araujo.pdf: 1343747 bytes, checksum: e6395dbd7922b8c1b320e094320e26df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T13:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gleyciane Araujo.pdf: 1343747 bytes, checksum: e6395dbd7922b8c1b320e094320e26df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / The objective of this work is to spread the discussion on the subject in the academic environment. Thereunto, the work is based on a literature search that is based on a critical eye on the traditional mathematics teaching, with a focus on trigonometry. Thus, the main concepts will be presented on Mathematical Modeling and the historical context and theoretical foundation of Trigonometry, and present two practical proposals for modeling for the classroom. / O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir no âmbito acadêmico com o tema, para tanto, o trabalho é fundamentado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica que toma por base um olhar crítico acerca do ensino tradicional da Matemática, com enfoque na Trigonometria. Assim, serão apresentadas as principais concepções sobre a Modelagem Matemática, bem como o contexto histórico e fundamentação teórica da Trigonometria, além de apresentadas duas propostas práticas de modelagem para sala de aula, sob perspectiva dessa metodologia de ensino.

Millennial workers occupy the majority of employment positions worldwide, which is a concern to business leaders in the United States related to having knowledge and ability to train, motivate, and retain millennial employees. Using Gilbert's behavior engineering model as a conceptual framework, this multiple case study explored the strategies that business leaders used to motivate their millennial employees. The study population included 4 leaders of small restaurant businesses in eastern North Carolina. Data were collected from semistructured, face-to-face interviews using 7 open-ended questions and review of company documents, websites, and social media. Data were coded and analyzed following Morse's method of data analysis. Three themes emerged from data analysis: rewards and recognition, high-quality leader-member relationship, and professional development. The findings of this research are significant for small business leaders who want to implement effective motivational strategies to manage millennial employees to keep their organizations productive and profitable. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to help millennial workers grow in their careers, become financially stable, and develop into prospective leaders prepared to propel their organizations and societies in the future.

Teachers and administrators have different perceptions regarding the importance and validity of various factors that influence veteran teachers' professional practice. Herzberg's 2-factor motivation-hygiene theory was used as the conceptual framework for this basic qualitative study. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of veteran teachers' and administrators' perceptions about motivating and hygiene factors and their influences on veteran teachers' professional practice in a southern California suburban school district. One-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted with 8 veteran high school teachers and 4 high school administrators. The interview responses were audio recorded and transcribed, then coded using open and axial coding and categorized into themes. Administrators perceived 3 prevalent motivating factors for teachers: academic freedom, student-teacher relationships, and feeling effective, whereas administrators' hygiene factors included administrative support with discipline and open and clear communication. Teachers cited students' progress and student-teacher relationships as their primary motivating factors and lack of administrative support as their most important hygiene factor. The hygiene factors provided a foundation and framework for teachers to perform the motivating work of teaching students and developing relationships. Through this study, both veteran teachers and administrators may become more aware of the motivating factors that positively influence veteran teachers' professional practice in the classroom, which may improve the ways in which administrators support and motivate them. Positive social change may result by creating synergetic relationships between administrators and veteran teachers that could not only expand the role of veteran teachers but also increase student academic achievement.

Previous research on the assessment of pediatric feeding disorders has shown that negative reinforcement (escape) plays a major role in the maintenance of food refusal and that escape extinction (EE) may be necessary in the treatment of severe food refusal. The current study examined the influence of two potential motivating operations (MOs) on escape from bite presentations for 3 children with severe food refusal: (a) noncontingent positive reinforcement (NCR) and (b) food satiation (as a result of enteral nutritional support). The abolishing effects of NCR on negative reinforcement for refusal behaviors were demonstrated in Experiment 1 when escape was allowed for food refusal and in Experiment 2 during demand fading across a hierarchy of bite placements. The interactive effects of NCR and food satiation on negative reinforcement for escaping bite presentations (within a hierarchy of bite placements) were demonstrated in Experiment 3. NCR abolished escape as a reinforcer and food satiation established escape as a reinforcer. The combined MO effects of NCR and food deprivation resulted in decreased refusal behaviors and increased acceptance across all bite placements in Experiment 3 even though escape was allowed. Results extend the existing bodies of literature on the competition between positive and negative reinforcement and the effects of specific biological conditions on escape-maintained behavior. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.

At least three general subgroups of students display problems with their overall academic achievement: students with motivational deficits, students with academic performance deficits, and students with a combination of both types of deficits. The prevalence of students with both behavioral and learning problems has been reported to be between 10% and 25% and as high as 50%. The current study evaluated the effects of positive reinforcement and instructional strategies on the co-occurrence of motivational and academic deficits within three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted with four school-aged children in a behavioral outpatient clinic. Experiment 3 was conducted with three school-aged children during extended behavioral evaluations. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of positive reinforcement and an instructional strategy on the children's preference for academic work tasks and their academic performance. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of instructional strategies on the children's problem behavior and academic performance. Experiment 3 evaluated the effects of positive reinforcement and instructional strategies on the children's preference for academic work tasks, academic performance, and problem behavior. The results of this study showed that (a) preference for an academic task changed with the addition of positive reinforcement (Experiment 3) or an instructional strategy (Experiment 1), (b) problem behavior decreased with the addition of an instructional strategy (Experiments 2 and 3), and (c) academic performance increased with the addition of an instructional strategy (all experiments). These results suggested that positive reinforcers and/or instructional strategies function as motivating operations by abolishing the value of negative reinforcement, thereby resulting in improved academic performance and decreased occurrences of problem behavior.

The effect that teacher interpersonal behaviour has on motivating students to want tolearn and on nurturing student self-efficacy in the science classroom cannot beunderestimated. Teacher interpersonal behaviour can be perceived to be the catalystthat determines the level of student self-efficacy in classroom activities. An analysisof effective classroom teaching has been assessed in recent times in relation toteacher interpersonal behaviour. However, the effect that teacher interpersonalbehaviour has on student motivation has not been studied.The aim of this study was to identify the interpersonal skills of teachers that areperceived to encourage a motivating classroom environment. It also describedstudents' perceptions of teacher interpersonal behaviour and classroom environment,and assessed the significant impact teacher interpersonal behaviour had on studentself-efficacy and student attitude towards science. Student data were collected from313 year 8, 9 and 10 science students in 12 classrooms in a girls' secondary school inBrisbane, Australia. They were studying a general science course that coveredaspects of biology, chemistry and physics. Qualitative and quantitative data werecollected. The study confirmed the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire onTeacher Interaction (QTI) and the Students' Motivation, Attitude and Self-Efficacy inScience (SMASES) questionnaire. Thus, the study identified perceptions of teacherinterpersonal behaviour and classroom environment, and investigated associationsbetween the results obtained from the analysis and the other instruments that wereadministered in the study. The study identified that there was a significantrelationship between teacher interpersonal behaviour and its effect on studentmotivation, self-efficacy and attitude towards science.

Inledning: Det här är en litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskan bemötande av patienter med diabetes typ 2 genom information och motivering till egenvård och livsstilsförändringar. Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en sjukdom som ständigt ökar världen över liksom fetma. Genom att göra förändringar i livsstilen kan biverkningar av sjukdomen minskas. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver sjuksköterskans olika omvårdnadsstrategier i att bemöta och motivera patienter med diabetes typ 2 till att ändra livsstil. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Tre områden identifierades: Att motivera till livsstilsförändring, Vikten av bra bemötande och utbildning i egenvård. Genom att sjuksköterskan använder sig av motiverande samtal och utbildning i egenvård ökar chansen att patienten lyckas med en livsstilsförändring. För detta krävs att en god relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Detta kan uppnås genom en patient-centrerad vård där sjuksköterskan ser varje patient som en unik individ. Slutsats: Det fordras ytterligare utbildning för sjuksköterskorna för att de ska kunna tillämpa patientutbildning och egenvård med goda resultat. Sjuksköterskorna måste ha förmåga att stödja patienter till egenvård. / Introduction: This is a literature review of nurses nursing strategies in caring for patient with type 2 diabetes Background: Type 2 diabetes is increasing over the world along with obesity. By making changes in lifestyle secondary effects may be reduced. Aim: The aim of the literature review is to compile and illustrate research that describes different nursing strategies in encountering and motivating patients with type 2 diabetes to lifestyle-changes. Method: A literature review using a qualitative analyses approach based on ten scientific articles. Result: Three areas were identified: To motivate lifestyle changes, The importance of a good treatment. By motivating and educating nurse´ may contribute to supporting the patient in lifestyle changes. To succeed in changes a relation build upon nurse-patient are needed, where every patient is seen as a unique individual. Conclusion: Further nurse-education is necessary to make the patients apply self care with good results. Nurses must have the ability to help the patients to self-care.