Background: The topical business subject, motivation, is claimed to have a positive correlation with performance, making the subject highly relevant and important for contemporary companies around the world. As capital goods industries are today changing strategies into integrated solution customer offerings, motivation at all units of the value chain is a matter of increasing importance. Being part of an integrated solution strategy, non-core units are contributing to the overall package offered to customers, but typically in less organizational focus and with lack of stability due to e.g. outsourcing trends. As their importance might at times be overlooked, what affects their motivation?Aim: The main focus of this thesis is on motivation within a non-core unit. The studied single case is an Ericsson non-core unit, SITE. The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of what affects motivation for employees working in a non-core unit. More closely, the authors will consider factors that can influence motivation and what ultimately affects these factors. Completion and results: With the contribution on the subject of motivating non-core employees, it is the authors understanding that employees of a non-core unit are affected by several motivational factors. Adding up the motivational factors, there are two ultimate features affecting motivation i.e. meaning and recognition. As a part of an integrated solution, and the knowledge of previously outsourced non-core units, employees need to feel that they are employed with a meaning. Further, the feature of recognition affects non-core employee motivation, and it is crucial that colleagues, other units and the organization recognize them.

This study examined the effects of three fixed-duration free operant access conditions on rates of automatically maintained stereotypic behavior and correct task responding during discrete trial training (DTT) with two children diagnosed with autism. Following a functional analysis, confirming automatic function, interviews/observations were conducted to identify behavioral indicators of satiation and an average satiation level. In this endeavor, participants were exposed to a free operant condition to validate satiation of stereotypic responding. Once satiation level was averaged, two durational conditions were computed: Long (75% access) and Short (25% access). A third condition, Deprivation, involved blocking all attempts at the stereotypic response for the average duration till satiation. An alternating treatment design was used to examine the effects of these three conditions on stereotypy and correct responding during subsequent discrete trial tasks. For both, participants correct responding did not seem to be affected by the length of the pre-session access to the stereotypic behavior prior to the DTT session. For Marcus, the Long condition may have acted as an abolishing operation (AO) during DTT. Following the Short condition he engaged in higher rates of the stereotypic behaviors during his DTT sessions compared to the other conditions. For the Sara, it appears that pre-session access to stereotypy had little effect on stereotypic behavior during DTT sessions.

This research considers the motivating factors behind energy use in the residential sector, which in 2011 accounted for more than 26% of overall energy use in the UK. The study took a mixed method approach and considered case studies in both the UK and Australia, two countries with very different energy regimes. UK case studies were analysed using predictive energy modelling, quantitative assessment of actual energy use and thermal comfort, and qualitative interview and focus group assessment of individual motivation around energy use. The Australian case studies were assessed qualitatively and their attitudes compared to the UK core group. Additional perspectives were gained through interviews with UK landlords, a large environmental group, a senior politician, and two senior policymakers from a large energy company. The investigation assesses the implied importance of the key strands developed from previous research in instigating changes in behaviour amongst occupants. These include psychological, social, financial, educational and regulatory factors. In particular, it looks at the ineffectiveness of the Green Deal on energy behaviour in the residential sector. The research offers a reasoned explanation as to why it is important to record predictive, actual, and intended behaviour with regard to energy use. The study concludes that a variety of incentives are necessary to encourage behaviour change, and that the complexity of occupant behaviour makes it difficult to develop a single policy to encourage more sustainable energy use. There is sometimes a disconnect between intention and behaviour. However, there seems to be a certain commonality among the occupants, in that their behaviour around energy is often other than predicted by conventional economics and more likely to incorporate predictions from behavioural economics. This is recognised by the case study participants in both the UK and Australia, and they largely agree on the beneficial role of government in regulating them and "nudging" them in the right direction with regard to influencing their motivations around energy use. Financial incentives are also a key driver in motivating residents to use energy more sustainably, but they need to be carefully aligned to suit a wide range of individuals. Another issue that became clear in the research is that policy focusing purely on energy efficiency can be ineffective, if the policy goal is to mitigate the effects of climate change. The rebound effect is likely to result in a lower demand for residential energy transferring to increased demand for energy elsewhere in the economy. The study recommends that policy should focus on sustainable energy use, using financial and other mechanisms to discourage the use of fossil fuels.

This diploma thesis is focused on suggesting a motivation system for a chosen company. The work´s theoretical part is processed according to the specialized literature. Analytical part contains general characteristics of the company and the current motivation system. Results from internal sources and the questionnaires form a base to a development of a motivation system, which ensures lower fluctuation of employees.

The demand of blood products in the US is expected to rise over the years. Adolescents represent a potential population of eligible donors and it is fundamental to better understand what influences blood donation among this category of population. Such investigation has not been conducted in the Appalachian region. To elucidate the question, a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was administered to high school students from five counties of South Central Appalachia. A sample of 568 adolescents were asked to provide demographic characteristics, blood donation status and to rate various motivating factors. The association between blood donation and motivating factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Caucasians were the most represented ethnicity in the study population with 94.52%. From the total respondents, 37.85% reported being blood donors with an average age of 17.29 years. Among the donors, 51.66% were females and 55.45% came from low socio-economic class families. Emergency involving someone they care about and personal story of someone whose life was saved by blood donation were the top rated motivating factors by the donors with respective frequencies of 76.74% and 72.09%. Adjusting for the gender, age and socio-economic status, donating blood with friends increased the likelihood of blood donation by 53.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.01 – 2.31). These finding suggest that strategies focused on promoting group donation such as during school events may increase the rate of blood donation.

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This Master Degree Project should offer the appropriate system of evaluation and motivation for the employees - as a managers' product of business department in the Olterm and TD Olomouc, a.s., so that the system given would be fair and motivating for theemployees of business.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Cesar de Pinho Costa.pdf: 2100325 bytes, checksum: a0a403a0fe937f1bb60b8c8668abe43d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study sought to: (1) propose a device to the experimental analysis of behavior, (2) present the results of two studies conducted during the testing of equipment, (3) present the first experimental results obtained from monitoring the daily activities of the experimental subject in such equipment and (4) report two experiments in which they attempted to demonstrate empirically the establishment of different surrogate conditioned motivating operations. First, the equipment (Caixa Geradora e Monitora de Cotidiano, CGMC) was presented. During testing of the equipment, two studies were conducted. The first on the effects of light on the daily activities of the experimental subject, the results produced indicated the need for adjustments to equipment, in particular concerning the type and intensity of light used for establishing the cycles of light / dark. The second study occurred during the tests CGMC allowed us to analyze the effects of water restriction (imposed accidentally) of approximately five days on the daily activities of the experimental subject. The results indicate changes in the distribution of the daily activities of the experimental subjects, even those not necessarily related to obtaining water. Once the testing phase of the equipment was finished, a study was conducted in order to monitor the daily activities of the experimental subjects, over the days. The results point to the existence of patterns in the flow behavior that can be modified by various types of variables, such as the cycle of light and dark used, water restrictions and changes in schedules of reinforcement. Finally, two experiments were performed in order to demonstrate empirically the formation of two surrogate conditioned motivating operations. The results point to the failure to establish surrogate conditioned motivating operations / O presente trabalho pretendeu: (1) apresentar uma proposta de equipamento para a análise do comportamento, (2) apresentar os resultados de dois estudos realizados durante os testes do equipamento, (3) apresentar os primeiros resultados experimentais obtidos a partir do monitoramento das atividades diárias do sujeito experimental neste tipo equipamento e (4) relatar dois experimentos nos quais se tentou demonstrar empiricamente o estabelecimento de diferentes operações motivadoras condicionadas substituas. Primeiramente, o equipamento (Caixa Geradora e Monitora de Cotidiano, CGMC) foi apresentado. Durante os testes do equipamento, dois estudos foram realizados. O primeiro sobre os efeitos das luzes sobre as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental; os resultados produzidos indicaram a necessidade de ajustes no equipamento, em especial com relação ao tipo e intensidade da luz utilizada para estabelecer os ciclos de claro/escuro. O segundo estudo ocorrido durante os testes da CGMC permitiu analisar os efeitos de uma restrição hídrica (acidentalmente imposta) de aproximadamente cinco dias de duração sobre as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental. Os resultados apontam para mudanças na distribuição das atividades diárias do sujeito experimental, mesmo daquelas não necessariamente relacionadas com a obtenção de água. Concluída a fase de testes do equipamento, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo monitorar as atividades diárias do sujeito experimental, ao longo dos dias. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a existência de padrões no fluxo comportamental que podem ser modificados por diversos tipos de variáveis, como o ciclo de claro-escuro utilizado, restrições hídricas e mudanças nos esquemas de reforçamento. Por fim, dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de se demonstrar empiricamente a formação de duas operações motivadoras condicionas substitutas. Os resultados apontam para o não estabelecimento das operações motivadoras condicionadas substitutas

Background: An inactive lifestyle is a problem in today’s society, a problem that can contribute to negative health effects. Group fitness instructors have the possibility to affect the participants’ attitudes towards physical activity. This study therefor aims to examine how and why group fitness instructors choose to convey instructions and feedback, and which other factors are perceived as motivating for continued physical activity. Method: The study was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with ten participants from different fitness centers situated in the middle region of Sweden. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thereafter analyzed by the interpretative phenomenological analysis methods. Results: Instructions were communicated mainly verbally or in a combination of verbally and visually. The majority were aware that learning is individual and that different techniques therefor should be used to create an understanding for the execution of an exercise. Feedback was communicated frequently and the majority meant that it should be adapted to the needs of each participant. Positive feedback was mainly used to inspire participants to additional performance, while constructive feedback mainly was used to correct improper execution. Other motivating factors that appeared to be important was to create an environment that help every participant to reach the goals of each session by act inspiring, create a holistic perspective and to involve the participants in their own development. Social interaction appeared to be an important factor, which was created by relationships. New finds consist of the discovery the majority of the instructors, after having given repeated constructive feedback to a participant on an exercise, would allow an incorrect execution to pass instead of solving the problem. Conclusion: The group fitness instructors seem to create a motivating environment, as is indicated by various factors. Recurring participants suggests that they experience the exercise as positive and that they are motivated to continue performing the physical activity in question. The group fitness instructors try to individualize their instructions and feedback, to get through to each individual. Furthermore they try to show alternative exercises, to give each participant the possibility of choosing a suitable level and thereby take part in their own development. The social interaction appeared to be an important factor in making participants return. The behavior of the group fitness instructors indicate that they are striving to create an environment that inspires continued physical activity. / Bakgrund: En inaktiv fritid är i dagsläget ett samhällsproblem som kan bidra till hälsohämmande effekter. Som gruppträningsinstruktör finns möjlighet att påverka deltagarnas inställning till fysisk aktivitet. Studiens syfte var därmed att studera hur och varför gruppträningsinstruktörer väljer att förmedla instruktion och feedback samt vilka övriga faktorer som de upplever är betydelsefulla för att öka deltagarnas motivation till fysisk aktivitet. Metod: Studien genomfördes i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tio stycken deltagare tillhörande olika gymkedjor i Mellansverige. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom den tolkande fenomenologiska analysmetoden. Resultat: Instruktioner förmedlades främst verbalt eller kombinerat verbalt/visuellt. Majoriteten var medvetna om att lärande är individuellt och därför användes olika tekniker för att skapa förståelse för utförandet. Feedback förmedlades frekvent och majoriteten ansåg att den bör anpassas efter individens behov. Positiv feedback användes främst för att inspirera deltagarna till ytterligare prestation medan konstruktiv feedback främst användes i syfte att korrigera ett tekniskt felaktigt utförande. Övriga motiverande faktorer som framstod betydelsefulla var att skapa förutsättningar för att uppnå gruppträningspassets målsättning genom att inspirera, skapa ett holistiskt perspektiv samt involvera deltagaren i sin egen utveckling. Socialt samspel skapades genom relationer och trygghet vilket ansågs vara en viktig faktor. Nya fynd är att när en deltagare tillägnats konstruktiv feedback upprepade gånger angående samma utförande menar flertal att de låter ett felaktigt utförande passera istället för att lösa problemet. Slutsats: Gruppträningsinstruktörerna tycks skapa en motiverande miljö vilket påvisas genom flera faktorer. Återkommande deltagare tyder på att de upplever gruppträningen positivt och är motiverade till att utföra den formen av fysisk aktivitet. Alla gruppträningsinstruktörer försöker individanpassa deras instruktioner och feedback för att nå ut till enskild individ. Dessutom försöker gruppträningsinstruktörerna visa alternativövningar för att varje enskild deltagare skall ha möjlighet att hitta lämplig nivå och vara delaktig i sin egen utveckling. Det sociala samspelet framstod som en viktig faktor som tycks vara en anledning att deltagarna återkommer på gruppträningspassen. Gruppträningsinstruktörernas upplevda agerande indikerar på att de strävar efter att skapa en motiverande miljö för fortsatt fysisk aktivitet.

Darbo objektas: studentų motyvacija renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo problema: kokie motyvaciniai veiksniai lemia studentų laisvalaikio pasirinkimą ir kaip skatinti studentus pasirinkti aktyvias laisvalaikio formas. Baigiamajame darbe tiriami klausimai: kaip charakterizuojamas laisvalaikis ir motyvacija; kokia laisvalaikio reikšmė individui; kokie veiksniai sąlygoja laisvalaikio pasirinkimą; kokie studentų poreikiai pasirenkant laisvalaikį; kokiomis priemonėmis galima skatinti studentus rinktis aktyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti studentus motyvuojančius veiksnius renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti teorinę laisvalaikio ir motyvacijos sampratą . 2. Atskleisti laisvalaikio reikšmę individui ir jo veiklai. 3. Paaiškinti motyvacijos apsisprendimo teorijos taikymą nustatant laisvalaikio pasirinkimą motyvuojančius veiksnius. 4. Ištirti studentų motyvaciją lemiančius veiksnius renkantis laisvalaikį. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa, aprašomoji statistinė duomenų analizė. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus, nustatyta, kad respondentai dažniau renkasi pasyvias nei aktyvias laisvalaikio praleidimo formas, respondentų nuomone nepakanka aktyviaus laisvalaikio praleidimų veiklų, dažnas dažnasstudentas renkasi pasyvias laisvalaikio formas norėdamas pailsėti nuo studijų, tačiau nepriklausomai nuo laisvalaikio praleidimo formų, jų pasirinkimą stipriausiai lemia motyvacinis veiksnys - vidinė motyvacija žinoti, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: Students motivation on choosing leisure activities. Problem: What motivation factors determine students choise of leisure activities, how to promote them to choose more active forms of activities. In this bachelor thesis questions being solved are : how to characterize leisure and motivation, what is the meaning of leisure to individual, what effects affects choosing leisure, what are students on choosing leisure, what measures can be used to promote students to chose more active leisure activities. Purpose: to identify motivating factors in choosing leisure. Tasks: 1. Analyze the theoretical concept of leisure and motivation. 2. Reveal recreational importance of the individual and the business. 3. Explaining the motivation to self-determination theory in the assessment of leisure choice of motivating factors. 4. Investigate the determinants of students' motivation in choosing leisure. Methods: literature analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistical analysis of the data. Summarizing the results of the study it showed that the respondents prefer more passive than active forms of leisure, respondents consider that there is not enough outdoor activities, students often prefer passive recreation area to take a break from studying , but regardless of the leisure time activities of their choice is determined by the strongest motivating factor - internal motivation to know , and the least - amotivation . Thus, it can be said that apathy for outdoor activities... [to full text]