No description available.

<p>Abstract:</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to learn how brand heritage and retro brands can help HQM strengthen their brand identity.</p><p>Background: Companies with a long history have a strategic choice to make re-garding the use of their heritage in marketing communications. Such companies also enjoy a history of interesting products, for which some may exist the possibility for a retro relaunch. Husqvarna is such a company, which made it interesting to find out how these two strategic tools can or cannot strengthen the studied company‘s brand identity.</p><p>Method: Through an inductive and exploratory case study with interviews of the personnel at Husqvarna Motorcycles, Italy, three theoretical areas emerged to be researched, brand identity, brand heritage and retro brands. The latter two required the help of real life examples for better understanding. The analysis had a deductive approach where the studied theory was applied to the companies, and conclu-sions were drawn from the accumulated knowledge to help streng-then the brand identity of Husqvarna Motorcycles.</p><p>Conclusions: HQM is a brand with heritage in the process of taking a strategic de-cision to use its heritage as a tool to strengthen the brand identity, hence on the way to become a heritage brand in the true meaning of the definition. As the oldest brand on the market, HQM can use its heritage to differentiate itself from the competition, creating uni-queness impossible to copy. A retro product can be a useful vehicle to carry the newly uncovered heritage to surface. With the help of theory and a real life example, a contender within the historical company product portfolio was recognized. Finally, the band identi-ty as stated by HQM was redefined according to the findings.</p>

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to learn how brand heritage and retro brands can help HQM strengthen their brand identity. Background: Companies with a long history have a strategic choice to make re-garding the use of their heritage in marketing communications. Such companies also enjoy a history of interesting products, for which some may exist the possibility for a retro relaunch. Husqvarna is such a company, which made it interesting to find out how these two strategic tools can or cannot strengthen the studied company‘s brand identity. Method: Through an inductive and exploratory case study with interviews of the personnel at Husqvarna Motorcycles, Italy, three theoretical areas emerged to be researched, brand identity, brand heritage and retro brands. The latter two required the help of real life examples for better understanding. The analysis had a deductive approach where the studied theory was applied to the companies, and conclu-sions were drawn from the accumulated knowledge to help streng-then the brand identity of Husqvarna Motorcycles. Conclusions: HQM is a brand with heritage in the process of taking a strategic de-cision to use its heritage as a tool to strengthen the brand identity, hence on the way to become a heritage brand in the true meaning of the definition. As the oldest brand on the market, HQM can use its heritage to differentiate itself from the competition, creating uni-queness impossible to copy. A retro product can be a useful vehicle to carry the newly uncovered heritage to surface. With the help of theory and a real life example, a contender within the historical company product portfolio was recognized. Finally, the band identi-ty as stated by HQM was redefined according to the findings.

The purpose of this disertation is to capture the era of so-called normalisation during the 1970s and 1980s of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia. Even though the economic transformation in the 1990s is covered, the normalisation is in this case the primary investigated period. The main focus is on the largest producer and exporter of czechoslovak motorcycles - a company called JAWA with the main production plant located in Tynec nad Sazavou - Brodce. In addition to the motorcycle production in Tynec nad Sazavou the work looks at Czechoslovakia and its role as a power of the motorcycle sport during socialism and other aspects such as the role of motorcycles during the normalisation period in Czechoslovakia or the outline of the historical development of JAWA in the post-war years and its growth on the international scale before nationalization of the enterprise. The disertation also covers other aspects during the researched era such as the impact of the factory on the lives of the citizens and employees in the region, relations to the company and the brand JAWA or researching economical situation of the factory during the normalisation period and economical transformation. The main resources used for this work were interviews with current and previous employees of JAWA in Tynec nad Sazavou, who...

M.Com. (Economics) / The South-African motor-cycle industry has experienced a constant decline in sales since 1981, that is, a drop from 84 000 units sold during 1981 to an expected sales figure of 24 000 units for 1985. This decline in sales poses a threat to the profitability and 'survival of the motor-cycle industry in South-Africa. Up to this point in time the marketing efforts of the motor-cycle industry were mainly directed towards the White consumer market. In order to bring about an upturn in motor-cycle sales, this study looked into the feasibility of a marketing effort, by the motor-cycle industry, aimed at the Black consumer market. The execution of such a feasibility study necessitated the gathering of information relating to the views and preferences of Blacks with regard to motor-cycles. Information was collected by distributing questionnaires to a random sample of Blacks in region nineteen according to the Standard code list for statistical main regions and regions, magisterial districts, cities, towns and non-urban areas. The potential of the Black market has been disregarded by the motor-cycle industry because of the belief that Blacks are apposed to motor-cycles as a result of their cultural traditions.

La presente investigación se realizó con el fin de entender y exponer la relación entre los factores económicos y comerciales, y la importación de motocicletas (8711200000) a partir del tratado de libre comercio de Perú con China, con vigencia a partir del 2010. Para ello, se analizó los factores considerados más influyentes que impactan en la cantidad importada de dicha partida durante los años 2008 al 2017, siendo estos el Ad Valorem, el valor FOB y el costo del flete internacional. Para realizar este estudio se utilizó el método de investigación mixto, tomando en cuenta la información estadística de entidades como SUNAT y entrevistas a expertos, esto con la finalidad de obtener una visión más holística del contexto en el que se desarrolló la tesis. Se determinó una relación entre el TLC y el aumento de las importaciones de motos provenientes de China. Las variables independientes tienen alto grado de correlación e influencia en la cantidad de motos importadas. / The present investigation was carried out in order to understand and expose the relationship between economic and commercial factors, and motorcycles imports (8711200000) from the free trade agreement of Peru with China, in force since 2010. For this, the factors considered most influential were analyzed, which impact on the quantity imported during 2008 to 2017, which are Ad Valorem, the FOB value and the international freight cost. To carry out this study, the mixed research method was used, taking into account the statistical information of entities such as SUNAT and interviews with experts, in order to obtain a more holistic view of the context in which the thesis was developed. A relationship between the FTA and increased imports of motorcycles from China was determined. The independent variables have a high degree of correlation and influence on the amount of imported motorcycles. / Tesis

<div>Growing automobile dependency and usage continue to exacerbate traffic congestion, air pollution, and physical inactivity in metropolitan areas. Extensive efforts have been made to leverage advanced technology and related policies to influence short- (within-day and day-to-day) and long-term (mobility and lifestyle) travel decisions to address these issues from the system operator and individual traveler perspectives. However, most studies have yet to address system operator and individual traveler needs together; provide sufficient understanding of the impacts of such technologies on safety and health; and consider the impacts of distinctive regional and political characteristics on responses to different policies among population subgroups.</div><div>This dissertation seeks to facilitate the leveraging of information technologies and related policies to influence short- and long-term travel decisions by: (1) developing a framework for apps that integrate augmented reality, gamification, and social component to influence travel decisions that address multiple user- and system-level goals, (2) understanding the safety and health impacts of these apps, (3) developing strategies to influence residential location decision-making to foster sustainable post-relocation travel behavior, (4) investigating the impacts of economic and legal policies on travel decisions by considering distinctive regional and political characteristics.</div><div>This dissertation can provide insights to system operators for designing a new generation of apps to dynamically manage traffic in real-time, promote long-term mode shifts from single-occupancy driving to carpooling, public transit use, walking and cycling, and address individual traveler needs. The dissertation also presents app mechanisms for providing feedback to legislators and app developers for designing policies and apps geared towards safe usage and promoting the physical and mental health of its users. </div><div>In addition, by considering the impacts of distinctive regional and political characteristics on population subgroups in terms of their responses to information technologies and economic and legal policies, additional measures can be deployed to support and facilitate the implementation of such technologies and policies.</div><div><br></div>

Introdução: Os motociclistas estão expostos tanto ao ruído ambiental como ao ruído gerado pela própria motocicleta. Tal exposição ao ruído pode provocar lesões na orelha interna, de modo que o registro das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção (EOAEPD) pode evidenciar as alterações de forma precoce. Objetivo: Verificar as variações das amplitudes das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção nos carteiros motociclistas normo-ouvintes de acordo com o tempo de exposição a ruído e analisar com trabalhadores normo-ouvintes não expostos a ruído ocupacional. Método: Foram avaliados 148 trabalhadores normo-ouvintes, distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo I com exposição a ruído menor ou igual a dois anos, o grupo II com mais de dois anos e menos de cinco anos e o grupo III maior ou igual a cinco anos de exposição e o grupo IV não exposto ao ruído. Todos os trabalhadores selecionados foram submetidos ao registro das EOAEPD. Resultados: O grupo I apresentou amplitudes mais elevadas em 7250 Hz e 5128 Hz (p < 0,05), em comparação aos grupos II, III e IV. As menores respostas de amplitudes das EOAEPD ocorreram no grupo controle (grupo IV), sendo estatisticamente significativo nas freqüências entre 5128 Hz e 2588 Hz (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o monitoramento no início da exposição ao ruído ocupacional, por meio das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, possibilita a detecção de alterações fisiopatológicas precoces da orelha interna por causa da presença de incrementos no registro da amplitude das EOAEPD. Estes incrementos precedem as alterações na audiometria tonal liminar e a ausência ou diminuição na amplitude das EOAEPD / Introduction: The motorcyclists are exposed as much to the environmental noise as to the noise generated by the own motorcycle. Such exposition to noise can provoke lesions in the internal ear and the registration of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can evidence the alterations in a precocious way. Objective: To verify the variations of the amplitudes of the otoacoustic emissions evoked by distortion product in the postmen normo-listeners motorcyclists\' in agreement with the time of exposition to noise and to analyze with normo-listeners workers not exposed to occupational noise. Method: Hundred and forty-eight normo-listeners workers has been evaluated, distributed into four groups: group I - exposed to a smaller noise equivalent to two years noise-exposition; group II - equivalent to more than two years exposition and less than five years; group III - larger or equal to five years exposition; and the group IV - workers not exposed to noise being assigned to the control group. All selecioned workers were submitted to DPOAEs registration. Results: The group I presented higher amplitudes for 7250 Hz and 5128 Hz frequencies (p < 0.05), in comparison with the groups II, III and IV. The lowest values of DPOAEs amplitudes were observed in the control group (group IV), being statistically significantive for frequencies between 5128 Hz and 2588 Hz (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that early monitoring of the exposition to occupational noise, through the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, makes possible the detection of precocious physiopathologic alterations of the internal ear due to the presence of increments in the amplitude registration of the DPOAEs. These increments precede the alterations in the preliminary tonal audiometry and the absence or decrease in the amplitude of the DPOAEs

Introdução: Os motociclistas estão expostos tanto ao ruído ambiental como ao ruído gerado pela própria motocicleta. Tal exposição ao ruído pode provocar lesões na orelha interna, de modo que o registro das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção (EOAEPD) pode evidenciar as alterações de forma precoce. Objetivo: Verificar as variações das amplitudes das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção nos carteiros motociclistas normo-ouvintes de acordo com o tempo de exposição a ruído e analisar com trabalhadores normo-ouvintes não expostos a ruído ocupacional. Método: Foram avaliados 148 trabalhadores normo-ouvintes, distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo I com exposição a ruído menor ou igual a dois anos, o grupo II com mais de dois anos e menos de cinco anos e o grupo III maior ou igual a cinco anos de exposição e o grupo IV não exposto ao ruído. Todos os trabalhadores selecionados foram submetidos ao registro das EOAEPD. Resultados: O grupo I apresentou amplitudes mais elevadas em 7250 Hz e 5128 Hz (p < 0,05), em comparação aos grupos II, III e IV. As menores respostas de amplitudes das EOAEPD ocorreram no grupo controle (grupo IV), sendo estatisticamente significativo nas freqüências entre 5128 Hz e 2588 Hz (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o monitoramento no início da exposição ao ruído ocupacional, por meio das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, possibilita a detecção de alterações fisiopatológicas precoces da orelha interna por causa da presença de incrementos no registro da amplitude das EOAEPD. Estes incrementos precedem as alterações na audiometria tonal liminar e a ausência ou diminuição na amplitude das EOAEPD / Introduction: The motorcyclists are exposed as much to the environmental noise as to the noise generated by the own motorcycle. Such exposition to noise can provoke lesions in the internal ear and the registration of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can evidence the alterations in a precocious way. Objective: To verify the variations of the amplitudes of the otoacoustic emissions evoked by distortion product in the postmen normo-listeners motorcyclists\' in agreement with the time of exposition to noise and to analyze with normo-listeners workers not exposed to occupational noise. Method: Hundred and forty-eight normo-listeners workers has been evaluated, distributed into four groups: group I - exposed to a smaller noise equivalent to two years noise-exposition; group II - equivalent to more than two years exposition and less than five years; group III - larger or equal to five years exposition; and the group IV - workers not exposed to noise being assigned to the control group. All selecioned workers were submitted to DPOAEs registration. Results: The group I presented higher amplitudes for 7250 Hz and 5128 Hz frequencies (p < 0.05), in comparison with the groups II, III and IV. The lowest values of DPOAEs amplitudes were observed in the control group (group IV), being statistically significantive for frequencies between 5128 Hz and 2588 Hz (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that early monitoring of the exposition to occupational noise, through the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, makes possible the detection of precocious physiopathologic alterations of the internal ear due to the presence of increments in the amplitude registration of the DPOAEs. These increments precede the alterations in the preliminary tonal audiometry and the absence or decrease in the amplitude of the DPOAEs

In the past few decades, the number of motorcycles has grown rapidly in developing countries; therefore, motorcycle safety has increasingly become a critical issue, particularly for nations in which motorcycle-related casualties comprise a major proportion of all traffic injuries and deaths. However, few systematic studies have been conducted on enhancing the understanding of the vulnerability of motorcyclists in developing countries. While motorcycle safety has advanced greatly in developed countries, a direct transfer of the experience to motorcycle safety in developing countries may not be appropriate. The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the safety of motorcyclists from four aspects: people, motorcycles, the physical environment, and social environment, and subsequently develop a deeper understanding of motorcycle safety in developing countries. Methodologically, both questionnaire and observational surveys were employed, mainly from June to October 2012, to evaluate the attitudes of motorcyclists towards road safety and their behaviors on roads, respectively. Data from these two surveys are analyzed through different statistical methods (e.g. chi-square test, Binary Logistic Regression, and the Empirical Bayes approach) to provide a more comprehensive view of the various issues related to motorcycle safety. In addition, Maoming, a major city in Western Guangdong Province of Southern China, was chosen as a case study in this thesis, mainly because it shares many motorcycle-related characteristics with other cities in developing countries. This thesis presents four in-depth studies within a coherent framework to explore motorcycle safety in developing countries. The first study is a detailed investigation of motorcycle taxi drivers who transport passengers by motorcycles as an occupation. The results of this study reveal that compared to non-occupational motorcyclists, motorcycle taxi drivers are more likely to undertake unsafe behaviors (e.g., running a red-light or speeding) when in a hurry, driving late at night or early in the morning, although they hold more positive attitudes towards road safety. The second study focuses on another common behavior: not displaying motorcycle license plates. The results suggest that this behavior is significantly associated with not possessing a driving or vehicle license for the motorcycle, thus placing motorcyclists and other road users at risks. The third study elucidates the effects of helmet law enforcement on helmet use. The results indicate that helmet law enforcement exerts a positive but short-lived effect on helmet use, and also suggest that the Naïve Before-and-After approach should not be dismissed, and can be used as a preliminary method in similar research. The last study investigates the effects of vehicular countdown devices (VCDs) as a traffic facility on motorcycle safety. The results show that they exert negative effects on motorcycle safety and may increase the risk of rear-end collisions at intersections. By adopting a coherent theoretical framework, this study is expected to enrich the knowledge of how people, vehicles, the physical environment, social environment and their interactions affect motorcycle safety and to provide suggestions to improve motorcycle safety in developing countries. / published_or_final_version / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy