Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2095886 bytes, checksum: 552790cb58bd30077026f4b49573d033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The accidents and the violence in the urban way result of the actions and or human omissions, through conditioning technical and or society. In 2005, those occurrences were responsible for about 75% of the total of the deaths for violent causes according to ministry of Health of Brazil. A key element in the attendance to the victims of violence and accidents is the time of displacement, that can change the medical picture in subject of minutes, and to do the difference between to survive or to die, according to the procedures of the adopted during the golden hour. In Brazil, a service that has great importance in this activity it is SAMU - Service of Movable Attendance of Urgency and Emergency, in which the choice of the route to be followed by the ambulance, depends in the great majority of the times of the driver's knowledge on the city and of your intuition on the best road to be proceeded, which a lot of times don't represent the fastest. In this perspective, a route tool associated to the use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) was tested gone back to Transports (of the type SIGT), related to the Global Positioning System (GPS), to potency the choice of the best route and the decrease of the time, of the morbimortalidade risk and of the costs generated in the installment of the service. In this work, it was tested in an initial way the viability of use of a tool of to optimize of routes and time of operation in SAMU, through modeling procedures in transports, previously tends as application cell an area chosen in João Pessoa - Paraíba. / Os acidentes e as violências no meio urbano resultam das ações e/ou omissões humanas, através de condicionantes técnicos e/ou sociais. Em 2005, essas ocorrências foram responsáveis por cerca de 75% do total das mortes por causas violentas segundo o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Um elemento chave no atendimento às vítimas de violências e acidentes é o tempo de deslocamento gasto para realizar o atendimento, que pode mudar o quadro médico em questão de minutos, e fazer a diferença entre sobreviver ou morrer, conforme os procedimentos adotados durante a golden hour. No Brasil, um serviço que tem grande importância nesta atividade é o SAMU Serviço de Atendimento Móvel às Urgências e Emergências, no qual a escolha da rota a ser seguida pela ambulância, depende na grande maioria das vezes do conhecimento do motorista sobre a cidade e da sua intuição sobre o melhor caminho a ser seguido, o que muitas vezes não representa o mais rápido. Nesta perspectiva, testou-se uma ferramenta de roteirização associada ao uso de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) voltado para Transportes (do tipo SIG-t), conexo ao Sistema de Posicionamento Global (o GPS), potencializando a escolha da melhor rota e a diminuição do tempo, do risco de morbimortalidade e dos custos gerados na prestação do serviço. Neste trabalho, foi testada de forma inicial a viabilidade de utilização de uma ferramenta de otimização de rotas e tempo de operação no SAMU, através de procedimentos de modelagem em transportes, tendo como célula de aplicação uma área previamente escolhida na cidade de João Pessoa - Paraíba.

The definition of sale can be determined in several ways depending on the law branch that is studying the sale, however, for tax purposes, the sale takes a different connotation which tries to be elucidated in the current article, in which is taken into account the Tax on the General Sales (IGV) as the resolutions of the Tax Court. Furthermore, it is intended to elucidate the fact that constitutes the sale for IGV in which is called the self-governing of the Taxation Law. / El concepto de venta puede ser determinado de diversas maneras según la rama del Derecho que estudie la venta; sin embargo, para efectos tributarios, la venta toma otra connotación que intenta ser dilucidada en el presente artículo, en el que se toma en cuenta, tanto la ley del Impuesto General a las Ventas (IGV) como las resoluciones del Tribunal Fiscal. Así mismo, se intenta dilucidar el hecho que constituye venta para efectos del IGV, en donde se apela a la autonomía del Derecho tributario.

La présente thèse s'attache à définir la consistance du domaine public mobilier et la portée du principe d'inaliénabilité associé à cette catégorie juridique consacrée par le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques en 2006.Elle montre que le Code général de la propriété des personnes publiques a consacré le domaine public mobilier en renforçant la prééminence des biens culturels en son sein. Les biens qui présentent « un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique » sont protégés par un standard juridique. Néanmoins, le domaine public mobilier est réceptif à des meubles dépourvus d'intérêt culturel. Il existe en outre un domaine public mobilier praeter legem.Le domaine public est protégé par le principe d'inaliénabilité. Cependant, le principe d'inaliénabilité du domaine public mobilier est avant tout une interdiction de déclassement administratif de meubles publics qui présentent un intérêt public du point de vue de l'histoire, de l'art, de l'archéologie, de la science ou de la technique. Loin d'être sanctuarisé, il s'accommode en droit et en fait d'une importante aliénabilité des meubles domaniaux. / French public entities (the State, local entities) can be owners of real property or movables. When these movables have a cultural value, they can be a matter of what the French law calls ‟domaine public mobilier”. These properties are subjected to legal rules which grant them a particular protection: they are inalienable; they are subjected to special rules regarding their preservation, their safety and their security. And these properties are subjected to particular legal rules allowing people to discover them in public museums, in public exhibitions, etc. How does the law identify these properties? Is the inalienability of these properties as “authoritarian” as the law wants it? These questions are in the heart of the present work.

This diploma work deal with proposition of insurance portfolio for chosen bussines subjekt. In contains risk analysis and insurance portfolio proposition for pourposes of niminizing significant risk of the company by means of commercial insurance companies, so the risk jeopardizes the business activities of the company.

This thesis describes the current state of the river Oslava in Oslavany design and reconstruction of the existing fixed weir in the affected location. As a best alternative reconstruction of the existing fixed weir reconstruction was chosen the hard threshold floating weir inflatable weirs. The next part of the thesis describes the proposed solution, and the last part of the thesis deals with the assessment of the proposed solutions.

The aim of this thesis is automatic movable shelves feeder design. the feeder is part of vertical lift storage system Logimat Total weight of movable shelf is 760 kg. The technical report contains feeder design calculation, feeder’s main parts strength calculation and the design of the way of picking the movable shelf from the storage lift. The report also contains feeder’s frame strength analysis using finite element method and sensor design for motion control.

Our urban environment is in constant flux, cities are ever-changing ecosystems that expand, contract, evolve & adapt. However, the way that we have been building our environment has seldom reflected that on the building scale. New neighbourhoods emerge, buildings are torn down and new ones replace them, but in the world that we live today where resources are becoming more scarce and global climate change is upon us, it is time to rethink how we design buildings today with the future in mind. My project’s goal is to design a wood construction system & building, with a focus on enabling mobility, adaptability, reuse, easy assemblage & disassemble, while fostering a sense of permanence so the user feels rooted at home.While concrete has allowed us to push the limits of what we can build, I believe that wood construction R & D has gotten far enough to have similar qualities but store carbon at the same time as being a renewable resource if managed & used responsibly. In my project, I used the method of prefabricating & separating each system on its own layer to allow for longevity, easy replacement & flexibility.

A real security right improves a creditor’s chances of recovering a debt owed to him by the debtor. In the case of an ordinary pledge, the pledgor delivers physical control of his movable property to his creditor to serve as security for the repayment of the principal debt. The increasing value and use of movable property as an object of security coupled with technological advancement have resulted in many countries calling for legal reform of real security rights over movable property. In South Africa this led to the introduction of the Security by Means of Movable Property Act 57 of 1993 which makes provision for a pledge without possession. The Act regulates only special notarial bonds and does not apply to general notarial bonds. The real security right vests in the bondholder upon registration of the bond, provided that the movable property encumbered is described in a notarial bond in a way that makes it readily recognisable. The Act has substituted delivery with registration in the Deeds Registry. Registration of the notarial bond in the Deeds Registry is questioned as to whether it complies with the publicity principle. This is because movable property can be shifted from one place to another without any knowledge on the part of the creditor due to the inaccessible and costly registration system. The third party then receives the property subject to the real security right of the creditor. The substitution of delivery with registration is the controversial feature in this study. Linked to the legal problems regarding compliance with the publicity principle, is the description and identification requirement as provided for under the Act, the exclusion of general notarial bonds from the application of the Act, and the question of whether it is appropriate to regard special notarial bonds as pledges without possession. This study questions whether the current land registry system should be used for the registration of notarial bonds and suggests that a new system designed specifically for the registration of real security rights over movables be considered. I compare the position in the Belgian legal system as regards developments in real security rights over movables to identify possible solutions and recommendations for the South African approach. / Private Law / LL. M.

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

Cotutelle entre l’Université de Montréal et l’Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne / Le contrat de gage s’est imposé comme un modèle de sûreté mobilière d’une part, pour des raisons historiques liées à l’interdiction coutumière de constituer une hypothèque sur les biens meubles et d’autre part, pour des raisons techniques liées à une conception élargie et fictive de la notion de dépossession. Le gage n’est cependant pas adapté aux biens incorporels. En effet, l’étude des différentes réformes survenues en France et au Québec montre que la dépossession, conçue à l’origine de manière matérielle, a été envisagée comme une condition essentielle de validité et de publicité du gage. Les législateurs français et québécois ont évolué vers une fiction en adoptant des législations d’exception ou des régimes spéciaux lesquels n’ont pas permis de respecter la finalité de la dépossession; à savoir sa fonction de publicité à l’égard des tiers. Cette dépossession « singulière » a produit de nombreuses incohérences et incertitudes juridiques engendrant autant d’effets contestables sur l’entier régime des droits des sûretés mobilières français et québécois. Il est donc proposé d’étendre l’hypothèque mobilière sans dépossession qui suppose néanmoins que le droit sur la valeur soit consacré. La notion de bien devra être comprise comme l’appropriation d’une chose ayant une valeur économique sans nécessairement faire référence à l’enveloppe corporelle ou incorporelle de la chose, sujet de droit. Quant à la notion de sûreté mobilière, elle pourrait être perçue comme un mécanisme unique qui pourrait prendre la forme d’une hypothèque mobilière pour laquelle une fonction et une finalité précise lui seraient attribuées. Sa fonction consisterait à utiliser la valeur d’un bien meuble ou d’un ensemble de biens meubles pour parvenir à une finalité précise, à savoir le paiement à titre préférentiel ou exclusif du créancier. Cette finalité peut être comprise sous l’angle du principe de l’essence de l’opération. Toute opération juridique pourrait désormais être qualifiée de sûreté mobilière si sa finalité essentielle - en dépit de la terminologie retenue par les parties au contrat - est de garantir une obligation. Une définition commune pour toutes les formes de sûretés mobilières corporelle ou incorporelle et un seul régime de validité et d’opposabilité seraient donc mis en place pour assurer la cohérence et l’efficacité du droit des sûretés mobilières français et québécois et permettrait d’englober notamment les propriétés-sûretés, les techniques fiduciaires et d’autres mécanismes de garantie comme le droit de rétention. / Pledge has emerged as a model for creating a security in movable property for two reasons: for historical reasons on the one hand, because of the traditional prohibition against hypothecating movable property, and for technical reasons on the other hand, given the progressive enlargement of the notion of delivery, often involving a legal fiction. Pawning, however, is not well adapted to incorporeal property. Indeed, an analysis of various attempts at legislative reform in France and in Québec shows that delivery, once conceived of as physical delivery, has always been envisaged as an essential condition for the validity and publicity of pawning. Legislation in France and in Québec evolved towards a fictitious conception of delivery by admitting of exceptions or special regimes in which delivery did not fulfill its essential purpose: ensuring that third parties have sufficient notice of the existence of the pledge. Such peculiar forms of delivery have introduced inconsistencies and generated uncertainty in the law, with negative consequences for the entire legal regime of secured transactions. Therefore, it is proposed that the movable hypothec without delivery be extended in such a way as to include a security in incorporeal property; however, this requires that the notion of a value claim be recognised. The concept of property should be redefined as the appropriation of a thing with economic value, a thing that need not possess a physical or incorporeal envelope. As for the concept of a movable security, it might be given a unitary definition as a mechanism with a specific function and a specific purpose. Its function would consist in using the value of an item of movable property or a universality of such items for a specific purpose, namely the preferential or exclusive payment of a given creditor. Such purpose may be understood from the perspective of the essence of the operation. Every legal operation (transaction) might henceforth be characterised as a movable security if its essential purpose – without regard to the language used by the parties – is to secure payment of an obligation. A common definition for all forms of corporeal or incorporeal movable security and a single set of rules for their validity and opposability would insure the coherence and efficiency of French and Québec movable security law. It would encompass ownership-based forms of security, trust-based forms of security and other forms of movable security such as the right of retention.