Contractual acquisition of ownership of movable things: comparison of Czech and German legal regulation The aim of this thesis is to introduce and compare three main approaches towards acquisition of ownership of movable things, which are currently present on the European continent. For this purpose, three different civil codes are outlined, whereas each of them represents one possible approach. The question, which of these systems works the best, has already been thoroughly discussed at the European level. However, the Czech civil code of 2012 has decided not to follow the conclusion of these discussions and opted for a different approach. Since the Czech lawmaker does not provide a duly reasoned explanation as to why he has decided to adopt a different rule, this thesis aims to take a closer look at the reasons, which might have played a decisive role. The topic of this thesis is divided into the four parts. Chapter one is introductory and its purpose is especially to set out the essential terminology such as thing, ownership or acquisition thereof. Chapter two outlines the respective approaches towards acquisition of ownership of movable things. This chapter stepwise presents German Civil code, Czech Civil code of 1964 and Czech Civil code of 2012. Chapter three deals with the idea of...

La saisie-appréhension, en dépit de sa nouveauté, reste de nos jours largement ignorée par la doctrine. Pourtant, en venant assurer l’exécution forcée en nature de certaines obligations de faire (celles de livraison/délivrance et restitution de biens meubles corporels), cette mesure offre de nouvelles perspectives et ce, tant dans les procédures civiles d’exécution que dans le droit des obligations. En effet, son objectif repose sur une logique différente de celle qui gouverne traditionnellement les saisies et cette nouvelle logique qu’elle incarne conduit à une résolution des problèmes touchant la classification des obligations selon leur objet.Cette étude se propose ainsi de cerner cette mesure et de montrer les intérêts qu’elle présente, ce qui amènera à des analyses à la fois dans les voies d’exécution et dans le droit substantiel. Au terme de celle-ci, la saisie-appréhension se révèlera comme l’autre figure de l’exécution forcée en nature. / The saisie-appréhension, in spite of its newness, stays nowadays widely unknown by the doctrine. However, in so far as it stands ensure for specific performance of some obligations to do like delivery or restitution of tangible movables, this measure offers new prospects concerning the civil proceedings of execution as well as Law of obligations. Its aim is based indeed on a logical different from the one which controls traditionally the other executions all, this new logical allows to resolve problems about the classification of obligation in accordance with their object.This study has so in view to determine this measure and to show its interests, what induces to analysis in Law of seizures and in substantial law. At the end of this one, the saisie-appréhension will come to light as the other face of specific performance.

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-09-06T18:35:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3238542 bytes, checksum: 4505b9c9883ad497907240eac09da41c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T18:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3238542 bytes, checksum: 4505b9c9883ad497907240eac09da41c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-26 / The Asset Management is in accordance with action to ensure, through records and documentation, collection of data relating to identity, existence, amount, location, conditions of use and history of assets since its inclusion in equity until its low end, whatever the reason. It can be seen in the current equity legislation certain lack with regard to the detailed procedures of asset management, namely: receiving, tipping, registration, inventory, preservation and undoing goods. These loopholes in the law deserve the search for alternatives to improve the effective control and performance of activities in asset management, as the quantity and value of goods are increasingly representative within public institutions. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of Asset Management at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The research is characterized as having descriptive and exploratory design and qualitative analysis research. In the data collection process was used participant observation in the Diretoria de Material e Patrimônio and document analysis reports issued by the Sistema Integrado de Patrimônio, Administração e Contratos (SIPAC-UFRN). From the collection phase until the undo phase of the well it was revealed several nonconformities present in the routine of the heritage sector, such as lack of physical space for receiving and storage of goods, lack an awareness policy for the reuse of goods collected in condition of use, the inventory is not being done systematically, among others. Therefore, they did suggest some solutions to improve the effective control and process performance in asset management and propose an inventory process model appropriate to the reality of UFRN. It was concluded from this study that the management process of movable property in UFRN is intended only to meet the legal requirements and to improve asset management is necessary to discipline and standardize procedures through well-defined processes to have an efficient and effective control in order to reduce costs and increase the transparency of the control of goods. / A Gestão Patrimonial é feita de acordo com ações que assegurem, por meio de registros e documentação, a coleta de dados relativos à identificação, existência, quantidade, localização, condições de uso e histórico dos bens patrimoniais, desde a sua inclusão no patrimônio até a sua baixa final, seja qual for o motivo. Percebe-se na legislação patrimonial vigente certa carência no que diz respeito ao detalhamento dos procedimentos da gestão patrimonial, a saber: recebimento, tombamento, registro, inventário, preservação e desfazimento de bens. Essas lacunas da legislação merecem a busca de alternativas para a melhoria do efetivo controle e desempenho das atividades na gestão patrimonial, pois as quantidades e valores dos bens estão cada vez mais representativos dentro das instituições públicas. O Objetivo desse estudo foi contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da Gestão Patrimonial da UFRN. A pesquisa realizada se caracteriza enquanto tipo descritiva tendo como delineamento a pesquisa exploratória e de análise qualitativa. No processo de coleta de dados foi utilizada a observação participante no Diretoria de Material e Patrimônio e a análise documental de relatórios emitidos pelo Sistema Integrado de Patrimônio, Administração e Contratos (SIPAC-UFRN). Desde a fase de recebimento até a fase de desfazimento do bem foi possível perceber diversas inconformidades presentes na rotina do setor de patrimônio, como falta de espaço físico para o recebimento e armazenamento dos bens, falta uma política de conscientização para o reaproveitamento de bens recolhidos em condição de uso, o inventário não está sendo feito de forma sistemática, entre outros. Diante disso, foram sugeridas algumas soluções para a melhoria do efetivo controle e desempenho dos processos na gestão patrimonial e propomos um modelo de processo de inventário adequado à realidade da UFRN. Concluiu-se com este estudo que o processo de gerenciamento dos bens móveis na UFRN é destinado apenas ao atendimento das disposições legais e que para aperfeiçoar a gestão patrimonial é necessário disciplinar e uniformizar procedimentos através de processos bem definidos para se ter um controle eficiente e eficaz de modo a reduzir custos e aumentar a transparência do controle dos bens.

La propriété est respectée comme un droit inviolable et sacré en France depuis 1789 en vertu de l’article 17 de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen. Cependant, au Vietnam, par effet de la colonisation, la législation civile avant 1980 n’a pas obtenu des résultats remarquables, particulièrement en matière de la propriété. Actuellement, après le Code Napoléon de 1804 en France ou le Code civil de 1995 au Vietnam, les biens et la propriété jouent un rôle important dans les deux systèmes juridiques. Le Code civil français déclare que l’accession est une mode d’acquisition originaire, à côté des modes d’acquisition dérivés, de la propriété des biens. Par les dispositions diverses concernant la propriété dans le Code civil de 2005, le droit vietnamien constate tacitement le droit d’accession comme une manière d’acquérir de la propriété. Les propositions concernant l’accession des biens dans le droit civil vietnamien, en revanche, ne sont pas suffisantes et systématiques. / The property is respected as a sacred and an inviolable right in France from 1789 according to article 17 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, due to the colonization, the Vietnamese civil legislation before 1980 didn’t achieved outstanding results, especially in the property. Currently, after the Napoleonic Code of 1804 in France or the Civil Code of 1995 in Vietnam, the properties and ownership right play an important role in both two legal systems. The French Civil Code states that accession is an original mode of acquisition, together with derived modes of acquisition, of the ownership right of properties. By various provisions related to the property in the Civil Code of 2005, the Vietnamese law tacitly recognizes that accession is a way to acquire the ownership right. The provisions in the civil law of Vietnam on accession of properties, however, are not sufficient and systematic.

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

Propriété, droit réel sur la chose d’autrui, opposabilité, droit de suite, droit de préférence, exclusivité, meubles, immeubles, accession, accessoire, subrogation réelle, fongibilité, universalité, etc. la liste est longue des concepts forgés par le droit des biens que sollicitent les sûretés réelles, non parfois sans les malmener, afin d’atteindre leur finalité propre qu’est la garantie du paiement des créances de somme d’argent. Après plusieurs thèses, articles et monographies consacrés à tel ou tel aspect de ces interactions, la présente thèse livre une étude globale des rapports noués entre les deux disciplines afin de mettre en évidence leurs points de rencontre, leurs points de divergence et, le cas échéant, de possibles enrichissements réciproques. / Property, real rights, tracing, exclusive possession, movables, immovables, accession, accessory obligation, real subrogation, fungibles, funds, etc. are a few of the many concepts forged by property law that are used and sometimes misused, in the law relating to security transactions. The misuse of such concepts in the latter area of law can be attributed to the different purpose that underlies such transactions, being specifically the guaranteeing of debt repayment. After several theses, essays and monographs have been devoted to particular aspects of these interactions between property law and the law surrounding security transactions, this thesis delivers a comprehensive study about the relationship established between the two areas of law, and will highlight their points of convergence, points of divergence and mutual efficiency.

Jusqu’à l’ordonnance du 23 mars 2006 relative aux sûretés, le créancier désireux de réaliser sa sûreté était tenu d’emprunter les procédures octroyées à tout créancier pour mettre en œuvre son droit de gage général. Les effets de la sûreté réelle ne se manifestaient qu’après la vente forcée du bien grevé, par le désintéressement préférentiel du créancier au cours de la procédure de distribution du prix. La réforme du droit des sûretés opérée en 2006 a modifié cette situation en généralisant l’attribution judiciaire et en légalisant l’attribution conventionnelle du bien grevé. Ces modes de réalisation sont réputés plus simples et rapides que les voies d’exécution traditionnelles, mais également plus efficaces pour écarter les créanciers concurrents. Le créancier titulaire d’une sûreté réelle est désormais avantagé dès l’exercice de ses prérogatives à l’encontre du débiteur défaillant. Pour exercer son pouvoir de contrainte, il bénéficie de voies d’exécution qui lui sont spécifiques. Le législateur a pris soin d’encadrer ces techniques d’attribution afin de protéger les intérêts du débiteur. Toutefois, le régime de ces modes de réalisation mérite d’être aménagé afin d’en améliorer la sécurité juridique, l’efficacité, et par conséquent, l’attractivité. Les effets des ces modes de réalisation à l’égard des créanciers concurrents de l’attributaire sont moins clairs. L’attribution est régulièrement présentée comme une technique garantissant au poursuivant un désintéressement exclusif, les prétentions des autres créanciers inscrits étant reléguées sur l’éventuel reliquat consigné. Quoique les autres créanciers ne puissent prendre part à la procédure, rien ne justifie qu’il soit porté atteinte à leurs droits. Il importe donc de déterminer comment concilier la faculté d’attribution du bien grevé avec les droits des créanciers concurrents. / Up until the order of 23 March 2006 on security rights, a creditor aiming at realizing his surety had to resort to the procedures of execution available to any creditor in order to implement his general right of pledge. The effects of the real surety would manifest only after the execution sale of the encumbered property, through the preferential satisfaction of the creditor during the proceedings of the price distribution. The 2006 reform of the law of security rights has altered this situation by generalizing the judicial attribution and by legalizing the conventional attribution of the encumbered property. These modes of realization are deemed to be simpler and faster than the traditional enforcement proceedings, but also more efficient to shut out the other competing secured creditors. From now on, the creditor benefiting from a real surety is favoured as soon as he exercises his rights against the defaulting debtor. In order to exercise his power of constraint, he may rely on all the enforcement proceedings that are specific to the real surety. The legislator has carefully provided guidelines to use these attribution techniques to protect the interests of the debtor. However, the legal framework applicable to these modes of realization deserves to be adjusted in order to improve their legal certainty, their efficiency, and therefore their attractiveness. The effects of these modes of realization against the competing secured creditors of the recipient are not completely clear. Attribution is often presented as a technique that ensures the plaintiff an exclusive satisfaction, while the competing creditors’ claims are redirected on a hypothetical consigned remainder. Although the other creditors cannot take part in the procedure, nothing justifies that their rights be undermined. It is therefore important to determine how to reconcile the optional attribution of the encumbered property and the rights of the competing secured creditors.