• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 383
  • 94
  • 62
  • 38
  • 28
  • 25
  • 23
  • 17
  • 15
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 785
  • 203
  • 162
  • 151
  • 148
  • 134
  • 118
  • 116
  • 100
  • 96
  • 91
  • 89
  • 89
  • 81
  • 80
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Les choix stratégiques des firmes multinationales et la relation entre les exportations et les IDE : application d’un modèle Probit bi-varié, et d’un modèle de gravité dynamique aux pays Méditerranéens / The strategic choice of the multinational firms and the relationship between exports and FDI : application of bivariate probit model, and dynamic gravity model in the Mediterranean area

Sabra, Mahmoud 07 July 2011 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous discutons la relation entre les exportations et l’IDE, et tentons de trouver une relation de long terme entre ces variables. Dans cette analyse, nous étudierons tout d’abord de manière empirique les déterminants des exportations et des l’IDE, à la fois au niveau micro et macro. Ceci nous permettra par la suite de détecter plus précisément la relation entre ces deux variables. Plus précisément, cette thèse comporte les points suivant : Au niveau micro (niveau de la firme), les multinationales sont susceptibles de mettre en œuvre les deux activités (exportations et IDE) pour servir les marchés étrangers, mais les choix stratégiques des multinationales permettent aussi de choisir entre exportations et IDE. Sur ce point, la productivité des entreprises multinationales ainsi que leurs autres caractéristiques ont un rôle crucial pour éclairer le mécanisme de choix entre les stratégies et la relation entre exportations et investissements. Ceci fera l’objet de la première partie qui proposera une application au cas français. Dans cette partie, nous distinguerons également les décisions stratégiques en fonction de la taille de l’entreprise (très grandes ou grandes entreprises françaises). Au niveau macro, nous chercherons à identifier les déterminants simultanés des exportations et des IDE. Pour se faire, un système gravitaire dynamique bivarié sera estimé afin d’éclairer le rôle de ces déterminants et la relation entre exportations et IDE. Ceci fera l’objet de la seconde partie, qui sera appliquée aux échanges entre la France et dix partenaires euro-méditerranéens. Le choix de ces pays s’appuie sur l’importance qu’ils revêtent dans les échanges français. Par ailleurs, l’absence de littérature appliquée à ces pays dans ce domaine constitue une motivation supplémentaire. / In this thesis, we discuss the relationship between exports and FDI, and we aim to find a long-term relationship between these variables. In the course of the thesis analysis, we study empirically the exports and FDI determinants, at macro and micro analysis. This allows us to detect precisely the relationship between the both variables. In other words, this thesis carry out the following points: at micro level (company level), the multinationals are likely to implement the two activities (exports and FDI) to serve the foreign market, but the multinationals strategic choice can also choose between exports and FDI. On this point, the productivity of the multinational corporations and their other characteristics have a crucial role to clarify the mechanism of the choice between strategies and the relationship between exports and FDI. In fact, this is the first empirical part, which is the first similar application on the French companies. In the part, we also distinguish between strategic decisions based on company on the company size (large, very large and both groups of French enterprises).At the macro level, we will seek to identify the simultaneous determinants of exports and FDI. To do so, a gravity system is estimated bivariate dynamic equations to illuminate the role of these determinants and the relationship between exports and FDI. This is the second empirical part, which is applied on the capital and goods exchange between France and ten Mediterranean partners. The choice of these countries based on their importance in French trade. Moreover, the lack of the literature applied to these countries in this area is extra motivation.
202

MNEs management of CSR in subsidiaries : A multiple case study in Business Management / Multinationella företags ledning av CSR i dotterbolag

Agebratt, Sophia, Khoushaba, Ellen January 2019 (has links)
Abstract -   Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a concept related to corporations for decades and is still highly relevant. The concept has been developed throughout the years, resulting in an extensive concept. This thesis, however, defines CSR as a corporation’s willingness, engagement and ability to participate in societal objectives.   Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyse business management of CSR. More specifically, in the context of MNEs subsidiaries implementation and management of CSR in practice relating to services, retailing and manufacturing industries.     Method: A qualitative multiple case study was conducted in order to carry out the purpose. The empirical data was collected by doing 14 semi-structured interviews from five MNEs in three different industries.    Findings: Common findings in all five MNEs are, a global management team in all organizations, that the organizational goal is in line with the organizational standard and that all MNEs encounter a local demand. Moreover, all five MNEs were found to measure, track and evaluate their processes by using one or a couple evaluation methods. Lastly, it was clear that all responsibilities within Carroll's pyramid of CSR were valued within the participating MNEs and that CSR is believed to become increasingly more important in the future.    Conclusion: The final conclusion of this thesis is that the importance of CSR will increase in the future for MNEs and its subsidiaries based on the current market situation. Furthermore, MNEs tend to manage and implement CSR in subsidiaries based on a global framework. The amount of local adaptation differs between industries and MNEs, however, if the CAGE distance is bigger the local adaptation tends to be bigger. / Sammanfattning -   Bakgrund: CSR har varit ett koncept förknippat med företag i årtionden och det är fortfarande mycket relevant. CSR har utvecklats genom åren, vilket har resulterat i ett brett koncept. I denna avhandling definieras CSR som företagens vilja, engagemang och förmåga att delta i mål som gynnar samhället.   Syfte: Syftet med denna magisteruppsats är att analysera företagsledningen av CSR. Närmare bestämt i kontexten av multinationella företags dotterbolags utförande och förvaltning av CSR i praktiken, i relation till företag inom, tjänste-, återförsäljnings och tillverkningsindustrin.   Metod: Flera kvalitativa fallstudier har utförts för att uppfylla syftet med denna uppsats. Empirin är baserad på 14 semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem multinationella företag i tre olika industrier.   Resultat: De gemensamma resultaten för alla fem deltagande multinationella företagen är, ett globalt ledarskapsteam i sin verksamhet, att verksamhetsmålet är i linje med organisationens standard och att de alla upplever en lokal efterfrågan. Vidare fann man att alla fem multinationella företagen mäter, spårar och utvärderar sina processer genom att använda ett eller ett par utvärderingsmetoder. Slutligen var det tydligt att alla ansvarsområden inom Carroll´s CSR-pyramid värderades inom de deltagande företagen och att de alla tror att CSR kommer att bli allt viktigare i framtiden.     Slutsats: Slutsatsen i denna avhandling är att CSR kommer att öka i framtiden för multinationella företag och dess dotterbolag baserat på den nuvarande marknadssituationen. Dessutom tenderar multinationella företag att hantera och genomföra CSR i dotterbolag baserat på en global ram. Mängden lokal anpassning skiljer sig mellan branscher och multinationella företag, om CAGE-avståndet är större tenderar den lokala anpassningen att vara större.
203

How to Improve Subsidiary Willingness towards Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Emerging-Market Multinational Enterprises? : A Case Study of Geely Group

Tian, Shijia, Yuan, Yujia January 2019 (has links)
Emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) have been increasingly engaged in outward foreign investments, the distinctive feature for their internationalization being the aim of strategic asset-seeking and acquiring knowledge. Thus, reverse knowledge transfer is significant in achieving innovation catch-up. Subsidiary willingness towards reverse knowledge transfer has huge implications for building up competitive advantages for MNEs. However, research on EMNEs shows that the subsidiary willingness towards reverse knowledge transfer is rather low. In this vein, the purpose of this thesis is to explore headquarters initiatives to improve subsidiary willingness in EMNEs. This thesis conducts a qualitative case study by semi-structured interviews with respondents from both headquarters and subsidiaries in a Chinese MNE. A case of a Chinese MNE, Geely, and its two Swedish subsidiaries (i.e. Volvo Cars and CEVT) is adopted to explore our research question. The findings suggest that headquarters in EMNEs can improve subsidiary willingness towards reverse knowledge transfer by promoting socialization between headquarters and subsidiary, granting subsidiary autonomy, making contributions to the subsidiary as well as maintaining headquarters/subsidiary cooperation. This thesis contributes to the research on reverse knowledge transfer and EMNEs by identifying new antecedents which influence subsidiary willingness in EMNEs.
204

Cooperabilidade e inovação: análises e proposições no contexto das multinacionais brasileiras / Cooperability and Innovation: Analysis and proposals in the context of brazilian multinationals

Costa, Priscila Rezende da 29 June 2012 (has links)
Ao longo das últimas décadas, a competitividade empresarial foi e continuará dependente da inovação em suas diversas formas. Estruturas dinâmicas e abertas para gerar e compartilhar conhecimentos, competências e tecnologias estão ganhando espaço, não só nos grandes grupos empresariais, localizados em países desenvolvidos, mas em empresas dos mais variados portes e de nacionalidades variadas, com destaque para as multinacionais dos países emergentes. Estas constatações são de suma importância às temáticas de inovação, internacionalização e cooperação, mas o ponto-chave é compreender que, na atualidade, a fonte primordial da competitividade empresarial está relacionada não apenas à inovação propriamente dita, mas em como a inovação é dinâmica e continuamente criada, disseminada e renovada. Foi a partir desse cenário que este trabalho se propôs a verificar como a trajetória e a maturidade da cooperabilidade influenciam a inovação local e global das Multinacionais Brasileiras (MNBrs). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa baseada na utilização sequencial das abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas. O método utilizado na etapa qualitativa foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, dado que três MNBrs foram analisadas em profundidade: Petrobras, Braskem e Oxiteno. Os dados qualitativos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e, para analisá-los, utilizou-se análise documental e de conteúdo, sendo também adotado o software ATLAS na análise comparativa dos casos. Na etapa quantitativa foi realizado um levantamento junto ao universo de MNBrs, sendo que uma amostra definitiva de 60 empresas responderam um questionário estruturado. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi processada pelo software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) versão 17.0., cujos testes estatísticos realizados foram o X2, o Alpha de Cronbach, a Correlação, a fatorial, o Componente Principal e a Regressão Múltipla. Os resultados obtidos nas etapas qualitativas e quantitativas geraram conclusões sobre (a) os fatores que afetam a trajetória da cooperabilidade, (b) os fatores que afetam a maturidade da cooperabilidade e (c) o impacto da trajetória e da maturidade da cooperabilidade sobre a inovação local e global que, por fim, culminaram na (d) proposição de um modelo sobre a cooperabilidade. / Over the past decades, business competitiveness has been dependent on innovation and will continue to be so in its various forms. Dynamic and open structures to generate and share knowledge, skills and technologies are spawning not only in large corporate groups located in developed countries, but also in companies of all sizes and different nationalities, especially multinationals from emerging countries. These findings are of relevant importance to innovation, internationalization and cooperation, but the key point is to understand that, currently, the primary source of corporate competitiveness is related not only to the innovation itself, but also in how innovation is dynamic and continuously created, disseminated and renewed. It was from this scenario that this study aimed to verify how the trajectory and maturity of innovation cooperability influence local and global Brazilian Multinationals (BMN). For this purpose, a survey was conducted based on the sequential use of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The method used in the qualitative step was the multiple case study, given that three BMN were analyzed in depth: Petrobras, Braskem and Oxiteno. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and in order to analyze them, documents and content analysis was used, besides the adoption of ATLAS software in comparative case analysis. In the quantitative stage, a survey to the universe of MNBrs was conducted, with a final sample of 60 firms which answered a structured questionnaire. The quantitative analysis was conducted using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 17.0, whose performed statistical tests were the X2, the Cronbach\'s alpha, the correlation, the factor, the Principal Component and Multiple Regression. The results obtained in qualitative and quantitative steps generated conclusions about (a) the factors affecting the trajectory of cooperability, (b) the factors affecting the maturity of cooperability and (c) the impact of history and maturity of cooperability on local and global innovation, which finally resulted in (d) proposing a model on cooperability.
205

Essays on International Asset Portfolios and Commodities Trade

Halova, Marketa January 2012 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Christopher Baum / Thesis advisor: Fabio Ghironi / Do events in the natural gas market cause repercussions in the crude oil market? In light of the enormous impact that price movements in the two largest U.S. energy markets have on the economy, it is important to understand not just the individual markets but also how they relate to one another. On this front, the literature presents a puzzle: while economic theory suggests that the oil and gas markets are interlinked through a bi-directional causal relationship, empirical research has concluded that the oil market affects the gas market but not vice versa. The first chapter of this dissertation improves on the previous studies in two ways: by using high-frequency, intraday oil and gas futures prices and by analyzing the effect of specific news announcements from the weekly oil and gas inventory reports. The results dispel the notion of one-way causality and provide support for the theory. The reaction of the futures volatility and returns is asymmetric, although this asymmetry does not follow the "good news" vs. "bad news" pattern from stock and bond markets; the response depends on whether the shock is driven by oil or gas inventory gluts or shortages. The two-way causality holds not only for the nearby futures contract but also for contracts of longer maturities. These findings underscore the importance of analyzing financial markets in a multi-market context. The second chapter of this dissertation asks whether volatility and trading volume evolve in a unidirectional or bidirectional, contemporaneous or lagged relationship in the crude oil and natural gas futures markets. This question is important because it affects trading and government regulation but previous studies have come to conflicting conclusions. Their main shortcoming is the low frequency of data used in the analysis. This chapter improves on the previous studies in three ways: by using high-frequency, intraday oil and gas futures prices and volume, by including trading not only during the day but also during the night, and by analyzing not only the nearby futures contract but also contracts with longer maturities. For the nearby contract, Granger-causality tests show that past values of volume help explain volatility which agrees with the Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis. Past values of volatility have explanatory power for volume only when absolute return is used as the volatility measure; when the conditional variance from GARCH models is used as the volatility measure, the causality in this direction disappears. These results change when low-frequency daily data is applied. It is also shown that the volatility-volume relationship differs for contracts with longer maturities. These findings are relevant for regulations, such as trader position limits recently adopted by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trade Commission. The third chapter of this dissertation investigates whether the production structure of firms affects international optimal portfolios, risk-sharing, and response of terms of trade (TOT) to shocks. The answer to this question would enhance our understanding of the home equity bias, yet it has not been addressed in the theoretical literature. This chapter studies the question in a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with endogenous portfolio allocation. It shows that the optimal portfolio includes more home equity as the production structure changes from exporter-only, i.e., firms operating in their home countries and serving foreign markets by exports, to multi-national-company-extreme (MNC), i.e., firms hiring labor in both countries and producing locally in both countries. This shift occurs because changing the firms' production structure eliminates exposure to technology differences and allows the home household to accomplish the same diversification with less foreign equity. The production structure also has implications for the effect of technology shocks on the TOT. Under the exporter-only setup, a shock to technology causes a standard TOT deterioration, whereas under the MNC-extreme setup, a shock to technology leads to a TOT improvement. By producing testable predictions, this chapter underscores the need to take firms' production structure into account when analyzing international optimal portfolios, risk sharing, and response of the TOT to technology shocks. This is especially important since empirical research has generated conflicting results. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.
206

Empresas multinacionais na indústria brasileira de alimentos / Multinational Enterprise in the Brazilian Food Industry

Viegas, Claudia Assunção dos Santos 03 June 2002 (has links)
O trabalho investiga o aumento da participação de investimentos estrangeiros diretos (IED) na indústria brasileira de alimentos. Além de conferir ao Brasil importante papel em atrair IED para o Mercosul, esse fluxo de investimento tem causado importantes modificações no arranjo industrial brasileiro. Aumento da concorrência, novas estratégias, mudanças no número de pessoal ocupado na indústria são alguns dos resultados mais marcantes. Investigar as razões de entrada, encontradas principalmente nas características do mercado brasileiro, os impactos na indústria local e sinalizar os efeitos de longo prazo dessas mudanças recentes são o objetivo principal deste trabalho. / The work investigates the increased share of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Brazilian food industry. In addition to conferring on Brazil the important role of attracting FDI to Mercosur, this flow of investment has caused important changes in the Brazilian industrial arrangement. An increase in competition, new strategies, changes in the number of people occupied in the industry are a few of the more remarkable results. The main objective of this work is to investigate the reasons of entry, encountered mainly in the characteristics of the Brazilian market, and the impacts on the local industry, and to signal the long-run effects of these recent changes.
207

Atitudes de trainees frente às exigências das grandes corporações / Attitude of trainees with the requirements of the large corporations

Benossi, Vitor Garcia 07 May 2010 (has links)
Apenas um seleto grupo de candidatos é aprovado nos Programas Trainee promovidos anualmente em nosso país por corporações multinacionais, as quais podem ser compreendidas como instituições paradigmáticas na sociedade contemporânea devido à grande influência que nela exercem. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as atitudes de trainees frente às exigências feitas pelas empresas em que se colocaram. Fizemos uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas com três sujeitos provenientes de empresas diferentes. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a Psicanálise e a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. A partir das análises das entrevistas pudemos inferir que as atitudes dos sujeitos para com as exigências das empresas em que se encontram são bastante similares: caracterizam-se por uma adesão às demandas corporativas e uma pré-disposição para se comportar de acordo com estas. Os resultados indicam que as empresas se utilizam de mecanismos de gestão de pessoas dirigidos à psicologia dos sujeitos, suscitando nestes uma adesão ao ideal corporativo com pouca ou nenhuma crítica. Os trainees aderem a este ideal, que tem como modelos ideais os executivos bem sucedidos e se caracteriza pela apologia ao sacrifício do sujeito, realizada pelo trabalho excessivo como meio para atingir um alto padrão de vida e uma posição de poder. O vínculo dos trainees com as empresas parece ser provisório e pragmático, assemelhando-se ao capital financeiro, que investe em determinado negócio enquanto este lhe traz lucros interessantes / Only a select group of candidates are approved in Trainee Programs that are organized annually in our country by multinational companies, these can be understood as paradigmatic institutions in contemporary society due to the large influence over it. The research objective is to know the attitudes of trainees against the requirements of the companies that they are employees. We did a qualitative research with half structured interviews with three differents employees companies. The theoretical framework was Psychoanalysis and Critical Theory of Society. From the analysis of the interviews we could infer that the attitudes of the employees against the requirements of their companies jobs are very similar: characterize by an adherence to corporate demands and a predisposition to behave in accordance with them. The results indicate that companies make use of people managements mechanisms throw the psychology of individuals, raising in these employees the idea company with little or no criticism. Trainees adhere this ideology which is ideal models successful executives and is characterized by the apology to the individual sacrifice carried out by overwork as a means to achieve a high standard of living and a power position. The link between trainees with the companies seem to be provisional and pragmatic resembling the financial capital, investing in certain business while it brings interesting profits
208

Mapeando os caminhos da internacionalização de instituições de ensino superior no Brasil / Mapping the path of internationalization of higher education institutions in Brazil

Souza, Eduardo Pinheiro de 16 December 2008 (has links)
Este estudo objetiva compreender como ocorre o processo de internacionalização de uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) brasileira. Em um cenário globalizado em que a competição se acirra para os países e para as empresas e que depende cada vez mais da geração do conhecimento, as IES passam a ter um papel destacado na formação de pessoas com alta qualificação e na geração de conhecimento para os sistemas de inovação dos países. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa que adotou como estratégia o estudo de caso múltiplo com quatro IES brasileiras e suas diferentes formas de internacionalização: i) a celebração de convênios internacionais da Universidade de São Paulo (USP); ii) a aquisição de participação acionária no New College of California (NCC) pelo Centro Universitário Campo Grande (UNAES); iii) a aquisição de participação acionária na Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM) pela rede internacional de universidade Laureate e iv) a formação de joint venture entre a Kroton Educacional e o grupo Apollo para a criação da Faculdade Pitágoras e também dos seus convênios internacionais com outras universidades. Foram empregadas as técnicas de investigação de análise documental, entrevistas focadas e observação direta. A estratégia analítica adotada foi baseada em proposições teóricas para organizar as evidências coletadas para responder às perguntas de pesquisa. Como a internacionalização de IES consiste em um fenômeno complexo, foi necessário articular três conjuntos de conceitos provenientes de diferentes referenciais teóricos, considerando-se: i) conceitos de internacionalização de IES e globalização com base na visão de organismos multilaterais como Banco Mundial, OCDE e UNESCO; ii) aspectos da internacionalização de empresas com base na abordagem econômica da teoria de internalização de empresas de Rugman e Verbeke; e iii) conceitos do campo teórico de Ensino Superior Internacional. Os resultados apresentados por este estudo indicam os elementos principais que caracterizaram a forma como ocorreu o processo de internacionalização das IES analisadas, com destaque para: i) detenção de uma visão estratégica que contemple, pelo menos em parte, os conceitos dos organismos multilaterais; ii) formação de competências organizacionais alinhadas com a natureza das IES (pública e privada) e as formas de mobilidade (instituições, programas e acadêmicos) praticadas ou planejadas; iii) aproveitamento de vantagens específicas oferecidas pelo Brasil e por outros países para a instalação de atividades internacionais das IES; e iv) implementação de um conjunto de práticas de gestão da educação transnacional e acadêmica. / This study aims the comprehension of the internationalization process of Brazilian higher education institutions (HEI). As a part of a globalized world dependent on knowledge workforce to face increasing competition among countries and companies, HEI play an important role in grooming highly skilled people and providing knowledge to build up the countries innovation systems. The results reported draw on a multi-case study involving exploratory and qualitative research to investigate four Brazilian HEI and their different ways of internationalization, namely: i) international agreements at University of Sao Paulo (USP); ii) the acquisition of equity stake in the New College of California (NCC) by the University Center of Campo Grande (UNAES); iii) the acquisition of equity stake in the Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM) by Laureate Education, Inc.; and iv) joint venture between Kroton Educational and Apollo International to fund Pitagoras Faculty and also international agreements with other universities. The analysis of data collected by means of document analysis, focused interviews and direct observation rests on theoretical propositions to organize evidences in an attempt to answer the research questions. Since HEI internationalization is a complex phenomenon, the analysis involves three sets of concepts from different theoretical backgrounds, namely: i) concepts of HEIs internationalization and globalization, as suggested by multilateral organizations such as OECD, UNESCO and World Bank; ii) concepts of internationalization of companies, as found in Rugman & Verbekes economic approach; and iii) concepts developed within the domain of International Higher Education. The results presented by this study indicate the main elements that characterize how the analyzed HEI internationalization process occurred, such as: i) developing a strategic vision envisaging concepts emphasized by multilateral organizations; ii) building organizational competences in line with the nature of both private and public HEI and their planned or current mobility practices (of institutions, programs, and scholars); iii) exploiting specific advantages offered either in Brazil or in the countries for HEIs international activities; and iv) articulating management practices of transnational and academic education.
209

Sistemas de informações gerenciais em indústrias multinacionais: um estudo de caso da implementação global do ERP e BI / Management information systems in multinational industries: a case study about the ERP and BI global implementation

Oliveira, Adriana Silva de 09 June 2011 (has links)
Esta pesquisa descreve e analisa a padronização de informações gerenciais em sistemas de informações de uma empresa multinacional. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi um estudo de caso único que contou com a triangulação de diversas fontes de evidência: arquivos, documentos, entrevistas e observação direta e participante. O referencial teórico aborda estudos antecedentes ao tema, conceitos sobre empresas internacionalizadas, informações gerenciais, Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (ERP) e Business Intelligence (BI). A migração para um sistema global está contextualizada num cenário de globalização em que está presente a intensificação das transações entre países em termos de investimentos, mercadorias e serviços, entre outras características. Neste cenário, observa-se maior demanda por informações padronizadas e comparáveis tanto para usuários externos quanto internos às organizações. Os avanços na tecnologia de informação, por exemplo, em bancos de dados e comunicação em redes viabilizou as iniciativas das empresas para implementação de sistemas compartilhados por diversos países. Assim como outras empresas na década de 90, as subsidiárias da empresa em estudo adotaram soluções locais de ERP. Já no ano 2000, durante o planejamento de longo prazo, decidiu-se que seria melhor partir para uma solução global de ERP e de BI em vez de prosseguir com melhorias em cada um dos sistemas locais. Em 2001, iniciou-se o projeto global com a primeira implementação e em 2011 o sistema é utilizado em aproximadamente 25 países. O suporte da alta gestão e participação dos usuários mostraram-se relevantes no que se refere a \"implementar com\" em vez de \"implementar para\" os usuários. Com relação à utilização das informações, os relatórios mais acessados no BI são relacionados a vendas e margens, controladoria, contabilidade e ordens de produção. No entanto, os relatórios de vendas e margens não foram os mais padronizados, pois embora as fontes dos dados sejam globais, os relatórios e consultas às informações são predominantemente locais devido à ausência de uma estrutura organizacional de vendas em nível mundial e ao fato de que a maioria dos usuários somente tem permissão de acesso aos dados de suas respectivas regiões. Já os relatórios de controladoria, contabilidade e compras apresentaram maior aderência aos relatórios globais, uma vez que estas áreas possuem responsáveis em nível global que fomentaram o uso e desenvolvimento de informações mundialmente padronizadas. No caso da empresa deste estudo, observa-se que, enquanto o ERP foi mais direcionado à consistência dos processos e com poucos relatórios pré-formatados, o BI foi direcionado aos relatórios e consultas de informações com a flexibilidade da análise multidimensional. Os benefícios identificados do sistema de BI global foram: consolidação de informações das subsidiárias; comparabilidade das informações entre subsidiárias; flexibilidade do BI para conversão de moedas; rastreabilidade e maior controle sobre a qualidade dos dados. Já as principais limitações do BI global foram: adaptação ao fuso horário dos países; equilibrar a necessidade de rapidez nas consultas com o nível de detalhe e o volume de dados armazenado; pouca flexibilidade para modificações das estruturas de dados já criadas; dificuldade de manter um catálogo de relatórios globais para todos os usuários e concentração da utilização dos relatórios para análises de informações passadas em vez de análises preditivas. A partir das evidências empíricas desta pesquisa, conclui-se que não há o cenário em que o ideal seria tudo sob um padrão mundial ou deixar tudo local, pois as necessidades em nível global e local são ajustadas de forma dinâmica, conforme as características da organização e perspectivas de negócio. / This research describes and analyzes the management information standardization in the information systems of a multinational company. The research strategy adopted was a single case study which involved multiple sources of evidence including: files, documents, interviews, and direct and participant observation. The literature review covers prior studies related to this subject, concepts about international companies, management information, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence (BI) systems. The migration to a global system is part of the overall globalization scenario with an ever increasing number of transactions between countries in terms of both investments and goods and services. In this context, there is a higher demand for standardized information to external and internal users. The breakthroughs in information technology, for example data bases and network communications, make possible corporate initiatives to have systems shared by subsidiaries located in several countries. Like other companies in the nineties, the subsidiaries of the studied company adopted their local ERP solutions. In the year 2000, during the five-year plan, it was determined that a global ERP and BI solution would be better than to continue improving each of the local systems. 2001 was the first roll-out toward the global system and now in 2011 the system is used in approximately 25 countries. The support from top management and involvement from business users was relevant to the success in implementing a global system (\"implement with\" instead of \"implement to\" the users). An analysis of information usage in the BI system showed that, the most accessed reports were related to sales and margins, controlling, accounting and production. However, reports about sales and margins are not standardized across the globe despite sharing the same data sources. These reports are mostly local due to the fact that there is no organization structure in charge of global sales and most importantly that users only have security authorization to their local information. The reports about controlling, accounting and purchasing presented a higher standardization once these areas had a global management structure that fostered the use and development of global reports. In this studied company, it was noticed that the ERP and BI complement each other. While the ERP system was focused on providing and enforcing consistent processes with only a few pre-formatted reports, the BI was focused on giving users the flexibility to retrieve information from reports. The benefits identified from a global BI were: consolidation of subsidiaries data, comparable information between subsidiaries, flexibility to handle currency conversions and better tracking and control over data quality. On the other hand, the main limitations identified were: inability to adapt to different time zones, a challenge in balancing between quicker response time and level of detail and volume of data necessary, little flexibility for changes in the current data storage models and in the creation of new ones, difficulties in the maintenance of a global catalogue of reports available for all users, and that reports are mostly used for analysis of past data and not predictive analysis. From the empirical evidences of this research, the conclusion indicates that there is not a scenario in which the ideal is all management information under a global standard or under a local requirement, because the needs at global and local levels are adjusted dynamically according to the company characteristics and business perspectives.
210

Internacionalização de empresas brasileiras: um estudo sobre a relação entre grau de internacionalização e desempenho financeiro / Internationalization of Brazilian companies: a study about the relationship between degree of internationalization and financial performance

Barcellos, Erika Penido 26 October 2010 (has links)
Esse estudo buscou avaliar de que forma a internacionalização tem contribuído para o desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras como um todo e para o desempenho financeiro das suas operações internacionais. Por meio de uma survey realizada no ano de 2006 em 51 empresas de capital nacional pertencentes a diversos setores, esta pesquisa nos permitiu refletir sobre a forma da relação entre grau de internacionalização (GI) e desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras. Os resultados sugerem, ao nível de significância de 5%, que o desempenho financeiro geral das multinacionais brasileiras está associado ao GI. Os grupos de empresas com menor GI e com maior GI na dimensão da porcentagem de ativos no exterior apresentaram melhores desempenhos financeiros gerais em relação ao grupo de empresas que estão em um grau intermediário nessa dimensão do GI. Quando analisamos a relação entre o GI (medido como o intervalo da porcentagem de empregados no exterior) e o desempenho financeiro das operações internacionais das empresas, testes não paramétricos indicaram uma curva em forma de U ao nível de significância de 5%. Esse formato de curva sugere um efeito negativo inicial da expansão internacional no desempenho financeiro, antes do alcance de resultados positivos com a internacionalização, o que contrasta com o formato de uma curva em S encontrada em estudos recentes sobre o tema. Modelos de regressão simples e múltipla desenvolvidos nesse estudo também revelaram a associação do GI com o desempenho financeiro das empresas. Dentre as variáveis utilizadas para a medição do grau de internacionalização, as seguintes se mostram relevantes para explicar o desempenho financeiro das empresas em um ou mais modelos de regressão: a porcentagem de empregados no exterior, a porcentagem de ativos no exterior, a atuação em mais de três regiões geográficas mundiais e a listagem em Bolsas de Valores. Também foi observada a relevância do setor de atuação como variável moderadora da relação GI-desempenho financeiro, já que empresas do setor de manufatura intensa em insumos básicos apresentaram maiores margens EBITDA do que as demais. Uma das implicações dessa pesquisa é que as empresas brasileiras não devem ser desencorajadas por efeitos negativos nos seus desempenhos financeiros nos estágios iniciais dos seus processos de internacionalização. Como os resultados sugerem, ao adquirir conhecimento e novas competências para atuar internacionalmente, as empresas obterão benefícios que, eventualmente, serão maiores do que os custos associados à internacionalização e o impacto no desempenho financeiro será positivo. / This study aimed to evaluate how internationalization has contributed to the general financial performance of Brazilian companies and to the performance of their international operations. Through a survey applied in 2006 to 51 companies with Brazilian ownership structure, from different industries, this research allowed us to reflect about the shape of the relationship between degree of internationalization (DOI) and financial performance of Brazilian companies. The results suggested, at a 5% significance level, that the general financial performance of the Brazilian multinationals is associated with their DOI. The groups of companies with lower DOI and higher DOI in the dimension of percentage of foreign assets presented better general financial performances than the group of companies that hold an intermediary level at this DOI dimension. When analyzing the relationship between DOI (measured by intervals of the percentage of foreign employees) and financial performance of the companies international operations, non-parametric tests indicated a U-shaped curve at a 5% significance level. This curve shape suggests an initially negative effect of international expansion on performance, before the positive returns of international expansion are realized, and contrasts with the S-shaped curve identified in recent studies about the subject. Simple and multiple regression models developed in this study also revealed the association between DOI and financial performance of the companies. Among the variables used to measure the DOI, the following emerged as relevant to explain the financial performance in one or more regression models: the percentage of foreign employees, the percentage of foreign assets, the presence in more than three geographical regions of the world and the listing on stock exchanges. It was also observed the relevance of the companies sector as a moderating variable of the DOI-financial performance relationship, since companies from sectors of intense manufacturing on raw materials presented higher EBITDA margins than the others. One implication of this research is that Brazilian companies should not be discouraged by negative effects of internationalization on their financial performances in the initial stages of their internationalization process. As the results suggest, after acquiring knowledge and new competences to operate abroad, the company will achieve benefits that, eventually, will overcome the internationalization costs, leading to a positive impact on the financial performance.

Page generated in 0.1751 seconds