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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Impact of culture on employment relations practice in former British colonies : a comparative case study of Cadbury (Nigeria) Plc and Cadbury Worldwide

George, Olusoji James January 2010 (has links)
The Paternalistic employment relations practice was in existence in most areas now known as Nigeria before the advent of the British colonialists (Ubeku, 1993).The British colonialists replaced the Nigerian Paternalistic employment relations system with their Voluntarist employment relations system. This was done without any considerations for the differences in the socio-cultural realties of Britain and Nigeria and the differences in the socio-cultural realities of the various ethnic groups that were merged to become Nigeria. This thesis however demonstrates the importance of socio-cultural factors in the transfer. The Nigerian Paternalistic employment relations practice was based on the predominantly agricultural economy, culture and traditions which formed the basis for systems of work and reward while the British Voluntarist employment relations practice was developed based on the prevailing social, political and economic philosophy at the period of industrial revolution of the 18th and early 19th centuries in Britain. This was that of lasisez-faire, with respect for individual liberty based on the Benthamite utilitarian principle (Yesufu, 1982:31; Florence, 1957:184). As there are very few studies (if any) on comparative employment relations practice between the developed countries of the world and the developing African countries; this study relying on secondary sources of data collection and the case study methodology identified a close relationship between culture and employment relations practice in particular and management practices in general. The study concludes that it is very problematic if not impossible to device a template of employment relations practice and other management practices in one cultural area and transfer to another cultural area or areas.
72

Essays on international trade and intellectual property rights

Jakobsson, Amanda January 2013 (has links)
<p>Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2013. Introduction together with 3 papers.</p>
73

The societal culture dimension within the human resource practices of Taiwanese management in the UK

Chen, I. Chun Lisa January 2006 (has links)
This thesis examines approaches to international human resource management by Taiwanese MNCs located in the UK. A range of international human resource management models are discussed, from the universalist paradigm originating in the US to more contextual models, particularly those emphasising the impact of culture. The key elements of Chinese culture and their application to management are reviewed Interview and questionnaire data is drawn from 32 Taiwanese companies operating in the UK in the manufacturing and financial services sectors, and is analysed using SPSS and NVivo packages. Key findings include that the cultural origin of Taiwanese managers remains crucial in the way they manage UK subsidiaries. The small size of the Taiwanese companies also influences their internationalisation and international human resource strategy. In addition, there is a sectoral difference in the different HR practices being adopted. Japanese MNCs have been the only non-western MNCs to have been studied in depth. Although the Japanese and Chinese have been said to share a similar culture, they are shown in this thesis to adopt different techniques to achieve their HRM goals. It is concluded that many goals similar to those of western models of HRM can be found in Taiwanese MNCs, but achieved through different HR practices, for example, group reward rather than individual reward for commitment. It is suggested that conventional HRM frameworks fail to readily explain companies of non-western origin and the thesis tries to develop an IHRM model suitable for Chinese MNCs. Following strong economic development in China, research on Taiwanese MNCs can contribute to future perspectives on Chinese internationalisation and management transfer.
74

The ignorant MNE : the role of perception gaps in knowledge management

Arvidsson, Niklas January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
75

The 'wired' MNC : the role of information systems for structural change in complex organizations

Hagström, Peter January 1991 (has links)
No description available.
76

The internationalization processes of freight transport companies : towards a dynamic network model of internationalization

Hertz, Susanne January 1993 (has links)
Internationalization of industries, international competition, and the deregulation and harmonization within the EC are some of the important factors changing the prerequisites and requirements for effective international transport systems. Thus there is a need for more articulated knowledge regarding the internationalization processes of freight transport companies. In this longitudinal study the internationalization processes of three of the largest freight transport groups in Sweden have been analyzed in terms of changes in foreign representation: agents, join ventures, sales offices, subsidiaries. In addition, the relational effects of these changes on suppliers, owners, and competitors have been analysed. The results show that internationalization patterns change over time. First there was a gradual change of single relationships and systems. As an increasing number of transport companies became internationalized, there was a shift into more leapwise changes of nets of related companies. Furthermore the patterns and effects of internationalization differed between the three cases depending on when their internationalization process started. Typical sequences of changes have been identified to occur over time. As international interconnections between transport companies has increased these sequences have induced the development of domino effects in the network of transport companies. Based on the findings in this dissertation a dynamic model of internationalization is formulated. The model synthesizes the basic driving forces derived from network, distribution and internationalization research / Diss. Handelshögsk. : Stockholm
77

Implicações das atividades tecnologicas de subsidiarias de empresas multinacionais para a constituição de capacidades inovativas de fornecedores na industria automotiva brasileira / Implications of technological activities of subsidiaries of multinational companies for the building up of suppliers' innovation capabilities in the Brazilian automotive industry

Quintão, Rubia Auxiliadora Constancio 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ruy de Quadros Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T18:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quintao_RubiaAuxiliadoraConstancio_D.pdf: 1126822 bytes, checksum: acbab3ea4301fce9c8ac2441319cd9b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, buscou-se investigar se o crescimento e fortalecimento das atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) das subsidiárias brasileiras de empresas multinacionais (MNCs), na indústria automobilística brasileira, tem levado ao envolvimento de seus fornecedores localizados no Brasil em atividades tecnológicas e resultado em sua maior capacitação tecnológica. A tese se vale do quadro conceitual desenvolvido por Lall (1992) a respeito do processo de aquisição de capacidades de inovação das empresas industriais em países em desenvolvimento, bem como de sua taxonomia para classificar os tipos e níveis dessas capacidades. A contribuição das relações entre fornecedores e clientes da indústria automotiva para a aquisição de capacidades inovativas pelos fornecedores é estudada a partir dos conceitos de tipos de vínculos de aprendizado entre empresas, desenvolvidos por Ariffin e Bell (1999). A tese analisa os resultados da investigação das trajetórias percorridas por empresas de autopeças, dispostas em cinco grupos, segundo seus processos de acúmulo de capacidades tecnológicas. Procurou-se identificar quais são os tipos de vínculo de aprendizado que empresas subsidiárias clientes (montadoras e sistemistas) estabelecem com seus fornecedores (nacionais ou subsidiárias de MNCs), e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento das capacidades inovativas desses fornecedores. Procurou-se também entender se e como os vínculos com instituições, como universidades e institutos de pesquisa, contribuíram para a aquisição de competências para inovar dos fornecedores de autopeças. A metodologia privilegiou estudos de caso, focados no detalhamento dos eventos inovativos mais expressivos - inovações tecnológicas específicas, de maior alcance em cada empresa - liderados por subsidiárias brasileiras de montadoras ou por produtores de autopeças locais. Para cada inovação, buscou-se identificar a participação dos diversos atores da cadeia de inovação, bem como, a qualidade e intensidade dessa participação e seus efeitos para o aprendizado. Assim, o foco nos eventos inovativos permitiu identificar o grau de capacitação tecnológica alcançado pelas empresas pesquisadas. A amostra compreendeu 6 subsidiárias de multinacionais produtoras de sistemas e autopeças e 8 empresas fornecedoras de autopeças nacionais. Os principais achados sugerem que, efetivamente, o incremento e a intensificação de atividades de P&D de MNCs automotivas no Brasil gera demanda por atividades tecnológicas nos fornecedores locais e contribui para seu progresso em termos de aquisição de capacidades tecnológicas. O desenvolvimento das capacidades de inovação dos fornecedores locais refere-se primordialmente a seu envolvimento com o codesenvolvimento de produtos. Apenas nos casos em que as subsidiárias efetivamente se engajam em atividades de pesquisa tecnológica, isso se desdobra no envolvimento de parceiros brasileiros com a criação de novas tecnologias. Por outro lado, a pesquisa também constatou que o incremento das capacidades tecnológicas dos fornecedores locais atua como fator de atração importante nas decisões de investimento em P&D das MNCs em suas subsidiárias brasileiras. / Abstract: The thesis investigates whether the growing and strengthening of Research and Development (R&D) activities performed by Brazilian subsidiaries of multinational companies in the automotive industry has led their suppliers located in Brazil to engage in technological activities, thus resulting in the upgrading in their technological capabilities. The thesis departs from the conceptual framework developed by Lall (1992) and by Bell and Pavitt (1995) respective to the acquisition of innovation capabilities of industrial firms in developing countries. It also makes use of their taxonomy to classify types and levels of such capabilities. The investigation has also focused how the relation between suppliers and customers contributes for the acquisition of innovation capabilities by suppliers. In this connection, it is based on concepts of types of learning links between companies, developed by Ariffin and Bell (1999). The work analyzes the results of the empirical study of the trajectories carried out by autopart companies in Brazil, which have been arranged in five groups, according to their accumulation of technological capabilities. The thesis seeks to identify the types of learning links that customer, subsidiary companies (assemblers and system suppliers) establish with their suppliers (national firms or multinational subsidiaries), and also their contribution to the development of the innovative capabilities of these suppliers. The thesis also seeks to understand whether and how the learning links with institutions - such as universities and research institutes - have contributed to the acquisition of innovation competencies by autopart suppliers. The research methodology was primarily based on case studies, which focused the detailed development of the most significant innovation events in each firm - specific technological innovations which impacted the companies in a larger scale - which have been leaded by Brazilian subsidiaries of local assemblers or of local autopart suppliers. For each innovation event, there was an attempt to identify the involvement of the several actors in the innovation chain, as well as an attempt to identify the quality and the intensity of this involvement and its impact on learning. Thus, the focus on innovation events allowed the identification of the level of technological capability reached by the companies studied. The sample comprised 6 subsidiaries of systems and autopart multinationals and 8 national autopart suppliers. The main findings suggest that improving and intensifying the R&D activities of automotive multinationals in Brazil generates demand for technological activities among local suppliers, besides contributing for their progress in terms of the acquisition of technological capability. The development of innovation capabilities by suppliers is basically related to their involvement in product co-design. Only in the cases in which the subsidiaries are actually engaged in activities of technological research, this leads to Brazilian partners being involved in the creation of new technologies. On the other hand, another finding was that improving the technological capabilities of local suppliers plays an important role in the decisions about R&D investments in Brazilian Subsidiaries of multinational companies. / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica
78

Expatriação e gênero: um referencial para multinacionais brasileiras / Expatriation and gender: a reference to Brazilian multinationals

Eliana Gialain 28 May 2009 (has links)
Este estudo de caráter exploratório teve como objetivo a identificação, análise e discussão de teorias e práticas de Recursos Humanos que possam oferecer às empresas brasileiras em processo de internacionalização suporte para o tratamento das questões de gênero na gestão de processos de expatriação. Este estudo originou-se da motivação em se obter uma melhor compreensão quanto à influência do gênero nos processos de expatriação, especialmente em função da constatação de que a participação de mulheres em expatriações ainda é muito menor do que a dos homens, e em função da relevância que a gestão de expatriações passou a ter diante do desafio de internacionalização que empresas brasileiras vêm enfrentando recentemente, o que as caracteriza como entrantes tardios no cenário competitivo global. No desenvolvimento do referencial teórico observou-se que a investigação da influência do gênero nos processos de expatriação representa uma parte menor dos estudos internacionais realizados a respeito dos processos de expatriação, e no âmbito nacional, não foram encontrados estudos específicos sobre a relação entre expatriação e gênero. Considerando tais descobertas iniciais, optou-se então pela realização de duas etapas de pesquisa. Na primeira etapa foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico das principais pesquisas acadêmicas internacionais que relacionam gênero e processos de expatriação, além da análise de uma pesquisa brasileira sobre percepção de expatriados cujos dados puderam ser tratados a partir de um recorte de gênero. Na segunda etapa foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa empírica através da realização de um estudo de caso na Vale, uma empresa brasileira cujo recente processo de internacionalização a caracteriza como entrante tardia. Para tanto, foram realizadas quinze entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de RH e com expatriados e repatriados brasileiros, homens e mulheres, todos relacionados ao projeto da empresa em Moçambique, além da realização de análises documentais. Os resultados das duas etapas da pesquisa foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, categorizados e comparados. Os resultados encontrados na análise das pesquisas acadêmicas evidenciaram a inexistência de práticas de RH que suportassem adequadamente os processos de expatriação nas suas diferentes etapas, e que oferecessem suporte específico para os casos de expatriações de mulheres; a principal dificuldade parece encontrar-se na participação da mulher na etapa inicial do processo de expatriação, ou seja, na etapa de seleção. Em contrapartida, o desenvolvimento do estudo de caso na Vale contribuiu para a identificação de processos, políticas e práticas de RH destinadas à gestão das expatriações, porém sem a indicação de tratamento específico para os casos de expatriações de mulheres. Considerando-se as limitações decorrentes da realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa, sobretudo quanto ao método do estudo de caso, e quanto à utilização da técnica de entrevista, pode-se concluir que este foi um estudo inicial a respeito da relação entre gênero e expatriação. Os resultados contribuíram tanto para a indicação da necessidade do desenvolvimento, no âmbito nacional, de maiores estudos sobre o tema, como para o caso de empresas brasileiras que estão se internacionalizando, com a ilustração de políticas e práticas de RH destinadas a tratar estruturadamente os processos de expatriação em suas diferentes fases. / This exploratory research aimed the identification, analysis and discussion of theories and practices of Human Resources that can offer, to the Brazilian companies which are driving their internationalization processes, support for the treatment of gender issues in the management of expatriation processes. This study was originated from the motivation to understand the gender influence in the expatriation process, especially due the fact that womens participation in expatriations is significantly smaller than the mens participation, and also due to the expatriation managements relevance to the recent internationalization of Brazilian companies, which characterizes them as late movers in the global competitive scenario. During the theoretical referential development it was noted that the investigation of gender influence in the expatriation processes consists in a minor part of the international studies regarded to the expatriation processes and, at a national sphere, were not found specific studies about the relation between gender and expatriations. Whereas these initial discoveries, the decision was for the development of a two stages research. The first stage consisted of a literature review of the key international academic researches related to gender and expatriations, as well as the analysis of a Brazilian research about expatriates perceptions whose data could be reorganized from a gender perspective. In the second stage was developed an empirical research through a case study in Vale, a global late mover Brazilian company. Thus, fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with HR professionals and with Brazilian expatriates and repatriates, women and men, all related to the companys project in Mozambique, in addition to the realization of documents analysis. The results of these two research stages were subjected to content analysis, and were categorized and compared. The results of literature review stage showed the absence of HR practices to support adequately the expatriation processes in its different phases, and also to provide specific support for womens expatriations; the main difficulty seems to be the participation of women in the expatriation process initial phase the selection phase. In contrast, the case study development in Vale contributed to the identification of HR processes, policies and practices related to the expatriations management, however with no indications about the need for womens expatriations specific treatments. Considering the limitations deriving from qualitative researches, particularly regarding to the case study method, and also to the use of interviews, this study was an initial one about the relationship between gender and expatriations. The results contributed to indicate the need for development, at a national sphere, of broader studies about this subject, and also contributed, in the case of Brazilian companies internationalization processes, with illustration of HR policies and practices to manage, in a structured way, expatriation processes in its different phases.
79

O terceiro xadrez: como as empresas multinacionais negociam nas relações econômicas internacionais / The third chessboard: how the multinational companies negotiate in the iInternational economic relations

Gilberto Sarfati 05 October 2006 (has links)
O objetivo primário desta tese é identificar como as empresas multinacionais (EMNs) agem como negociadoras nas relações econômicas internacionais (REI). A hipótese geral a ser verificada é de que as EMNs buscam influenciar os Estados e suas coalizões utilizando-se de seu poder estrutural e de seu poder brando, nacional e transnacionalmente, de modo a afetar os interesses dos Estados e de suas coalizões. A efetividade da defesa de seus interesses depende, basicamente, da confluência dos interesses dos Estados e das empresas e da vulnerabilidade dos Estados em relação às atividades das empresas bem como a capacidade relativa das coalizões que as empresas buscam influenciar. Dentro desse contexto, na parte I deste trabalho, proponho uma breve discussão sobre o papel das EMNs nas Relações Econômicas Internacionais contemporâneas, identificando quatro grandes cortes teóricos: Marxismo, incluindo vertentes neo-marxistas como a Teoria da Dependência e o Sistema Mundial Moderno; Neo-Realismo, incluindo a Teoria da Estabilidade Hegemônica, o Neoliberalismo, incluindo a Interdependência Complexa e; a visão delineada por Susan Strange. Como conclusão desta discussão, justifico o meu corte teórico fundamentalmente ligado à interdependência complexa e ao xadrez de três níveis de Nye (Neoliberalismo), pelo seu desenho teórico que permite ver a ação das EMNs como independente e não submissa à ação dos Estados, ao mesmo tempo que aceita a centralidade da ação dos Estados na regulação do sistema econômico internacional. Em seguida, reconheço a limitação do poder de influência das EMNs através de uma extensão do modelo Frieden-Rogowsky, onde proponho que; (a) os setores prejudicados pelo processo de internacionalização tendem, tanto em nível nacional quanto em nível transnacional, a se opor a ações políticas das EMNs e; (b) regimes autoritários tendem a ser menos vulneráveis em relação à ação política das EMNs. Finalmente, na Parte II, realizamos dois estudos de caso relativos ao nosso modelo de negociações de empresas EMNs no contexto da política internacional: as negociações sobre o estabelecimento de um regime de propriedade intelectual no contexto da Rodada Uruguai do GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) e o Protocolo de Cartagena de Biosegurança , instrumento complementar à Convenção de Biodiversidade (CBD) que regulamenta os organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs). Uma importante conclusão da tese é que a influência das EMNs nas negociações econômicas internacionais depende largamente das estruturas dos processos de negociação, onde fóruns multilaterais e multitemáticos tendem a favorecer a influência das EMNs em comparação a fóruns monotemáticos. Outra importante contribuição teórica foi explicar as circunstâncias em que as EMNs operam como negociadores das REI, através da influência, se utilizando de poder estrutural e brando, buscando formar coalizões transnacionais e buscando incentivar a formação de coalizões entre Estados que defendam os seus interesses em contextos intergovernamentais. Ou seja, este trabalho explica um pouco da dinâmica da relação do chamado terceiro xadrez (transnacioal) com o segundo xadrez (econômico) das relações internacionais. / The main objective of this thesis is to identify how the multinational companies (MNCs) act as negotiators in the international economic relations (IER). The main hypothesis is that the MNCs try to influence the States and their coalitions, nationally and transnationally, through its structural power as well as its soft power. The defense of their corporate interests depends on the confluence of their interests with those of the states as well as the state\'s vulnerabilities to the corporations activities. Moreover, the MNCs should be able to influence the strongest state\'s coalition in the multilateral process of negotiation. In the first part of this work I propose a brief discussion of the role of the MNCs in the contemporary IER through four theoretical cuts: Marxism, including neo-marxists theories such as the Dependency Theory and the Modern Wold System; Neorealism, including the Hegemonic Stability Theory; neoliberalism, including the Complex Interdependence and; the Susan Strange\'s approach. As a conclusion of this part I justify my theoretical preference related to the Complex Interdependence and the three level chessboard of Nye (Neoliberalism) since its allows us to understand the MNCs preferences as independent of those of the states. At the same time, these models recognize that states still play a central role in the regulation of the international economic system. I recognize the limitations of the MNCs influence power through an extension of the Frieden-Rogowsky model, where I propose that: (a) the sectors damaged by the process of internationalization tend, nationally and transnationally, to oppose to the political actions of the MNCs and; (b) authoritarian regimes tend to be less vulnerable to the political actions of the MNCs. The part II of the thesis shows the role of MNCs in two case studies: the negotiations that led to the creation of an international regime of intellectual property in the Uruguay Round of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and the negotiations of the Cartagena Protocol of Biosafety, a complementary instrument of the Biodiversity Convention (CBD), which regulates the genetically modified organisms (GMOs). An important conclusion of this thesis is that influence of the MNCs depends on the structure of the negotiation process. Multilateral and multi-issues processes tend to increase their influence in comparison to single-issue negotiations. Another important theoretical contribution was to explain under which circumstances the MNCs are able to act as negotiators in the IRE, through influence, utilizing its structural and soft powers, by forming transnational coalitions and by helping the formation of state\'s coalitions willing to defend their interests in intergovernamental negotiation processes. Therefore, this work partially explains the relationship between the third chessboard (transnational) and the second chessboard (economics) of international relations.
80

Fatores do ambiente de negócios determinantes para a formação de centros de excelência: um estudo com subsidiárias de multinacionais no Brasil / Factors of business environment determinants for the formation of centers of excellence: a study un subsidiaries of multinationals in Brazil

José Hamilton Maturano Cipolla 14 December 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho analisa os fatores do ambiente de negócios que favorecem a formação de centros de excelências (Frost; Birkinshaw; Ensign, 2002). Centros de Excelência são importantes fontes para a criação e desenvolvimento de tecnologia. A presença desses centros no Brasil pode significar um papel importante para o país na economia global do conhecimento, sendo relevante a compreensão dos fatores ambientais que possam levar à decisão das multinacionais estrangeiras em criar tais centros. Em relação aos instrumentos de análise do ambiente de negócios, foram utilizados os modelos do diamante da vantagem competitiva nacional de Porter (1989) e o do diamante duplo generalizado de Moon, Rugman e Verbeke (1998). O diamante nacional já foi utilizado em pesquisa realizada por Frost, Birkinshaw e Ensign, (2002). Esta tese ampliou a análise do ambiente de negócios com a perspectiva do diamante internacional, possibilitada pelo modelo do duplo diamante generalizado, o qual considera relevante o papel das multinacionais. Foi realizado um survey com amostra de 172 questionários respondidos por CEOs de subsidiárias brasileiras pertencentes a multinacionais estrangeiras. Os resultados mostram que os determinantes do diamante nacional são relevantes para o desempenho de 154 das subsidiárias entrevistadas, 89,53% da amostra. E, os determinantes do diamante internacional são relevantes para o desempenho de 118 empresas, ou seja, 68,60% da amostra. Entretanto a análise de regressão apresenta limitações quanto à capacidade do diamante nacional de propiciar a formação de centros de excelência. / This thesis analyzes the factors of business environment that favors the formation of centers of excellence (Frost; Birkinshaw; Ensign, 2002). The centers of excellence have been seen as an important source for the creation and development of technology. The presence of these centers in Brazil could mean an important role for the country in the global knowledge economy, so it is relevant understanding the environmental factors that may lead to the decision of foreign multinationals to establish such centers. In order to analysis the business environment were used the models Porter\'s diamond (1989) of national competitive advantage and the approach by Moon, Rugman and Verbeke, (1998), the generalized double diamond model. The national diamond has been used in research by Frost, Birkinshaw and Ensign (2002). This thesis has extended the analysis of the business environment with the perspective of the international diamond, made possible by the generalized double diamond model, which considers the relevant role of multinational corporations. The research was a survey with a sample of 172 questionnaires sends to CEOs of foreign subsidiaries. The results show that the determinants of national diamond are relevant to performance subsidiaries of 154 respondents, 89.53% of the sample. And, the international diamond determinants are relevant to performance 118 companies, i.e., 68.60% of the sample. However, the regression analysis has limitations as to the capacity of the national diamond propitiate the formation of centers of excellence.

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