[pt] A preocupação com a gestão e gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos é uma questão de grande importância para a manutenção da qualidade de vida e de um meio ambiente saudável. É essencial que a conscientização em relação a este tema nasça da responsabilidade da população em parceria imprescindível e indispensável do Poder Público em todas as suas esferas e das empresas privadas. A partir de 2010, com a aprovação das leis federais n. 11.445 (Política Nacional de Saneamento Básico) e 12.305 (Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos), e com a definição de programas e metas visando à universalização dos serviços, o tema resíduos sólidos ganhou mais poder e visibilidade e vem sendo amplamente discutido. Entretanto, ainda é evidente que, na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, a gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos estão muito aquém de atingir resultados desejados e satisfatórios. Este trabalho avalia especificamente o Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos para o município de Paty do Alferes, localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, e analisa a operacionalidade da Unidade de Triagem e Compostagem instalada neste município. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas, visitas de campo, coletas de dados e entrevistas com pessoas envolvidas neste processo. Como resultados obtiveram-se matrizes de análise que poderão ser aplicadas a outros municípios possibilitando a identificação de pontos fracos e fortes no Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos e nas estruturas e operação de uma UTC, bem como sua utilização como apoio para elaboração do Plano Municipal de Resíduos Sólidos. Conclui-se que ainda é enorme a deficiência dos municípios brasileiros na gestão e gerenciamento de seus resíduos, demonstrando a necessidade de conscientização da população e de grandes investimentos em capacitação e infraestrutura por parte dos poderes públicos e privados. / [en] The integrated management of urban solid waste is of great importance to maintaining public health and the environment. The setting of policies suitable for the local reality ensures efficient performance of services, right choice of type of treatment and environmentally appropriate final disposal. Since 2010, with the regulation of Federal Law no. 11.445 (National Policy for Basic Sanitation) and Federal Law no. 12.305 (National Policy for Solid Waste), the guidelines concerning solid waste management and the responsibilities of its generators and the government became clearly defined, providing extensive discussions and the implementation of classes and seminars all over the country. The National Policy for Solid Waste provides for the goals, instruments and guidelines regarding solid waste management, both its generators and the government s responsibilities and the applicable economic instruments. Among the goals presented in the above-mentioned law, it s important to point out: Reduction of waste consumption and generation, encouragement towards recycling, reutilization, treatment and appropriate disposal of refuse; Support to the recycling industry, inciting the use of products made of recyclable raw materials; Perfecting of technical team for working with solid waste; and Promotion of the engagement of scavengers and associations in actions that involve shared responsibility for the products life cycle. This law also reaffirms that social participation is mandatory and essential in all steps of the elaboration process of solid waste plans (national, state and municipal), thus intending for the programs and plans to represent the real local and the people s need, in addition to determining that these plans be publicized in all social spheres.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4997522 bytes, checksum: b649b74ff3a7c2047fcab0eeccf56be9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Brazilian Federal Law number 12,305, August 2nd, 2010, which instituted the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS), establishes deadlines for some actions, such as the removal of sanitary landfills and the environmentally appropriate waste disposal, by 2014. However, this Law, a historic mark in the environmental management of the country, is subject to failure in its implementation if there is not a commitment between all the political entities of the Brazilian federation. In this context, this study is aimed at analyzing the solid waste management in the cities of Aracaju (SE) and João Pessoa (PB), both located in the northeastern part of Brazil, focusing on the methods of final disposal, the collection programs, and the problems faced in the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy on Solid Waste. To achieve the main objective of the study, it was necessary to prepare an investigation concerning the administration and management of urban solid waste in João Pessoa and in Aracaju, in order to identify the technical, economic, and socio-environmental issues that encompass the subject. We gathered information about the methods of final disposal, the separate collection systems in the cities, the plans, the actions, the laws of each city, the practices performed as well as their infrastructures. These data allowed a comparison between the cities studied. The Data Collection Method used was the Primary Data and the Secondary Data. The collection instrument was the field research (extensive direct observation), and surveys. The methods of data analysis were quantitative and qualitative, represented by simple statistics in graphics, tables, charts and flowcharts. The results showed that the cities have similarities regarding the prospects of developing proposals to implement the policy, but both face difficulties related to technical training, financial resources, environmental awareness and meeting the deadlines established by the specific law. Also, we verified that, in general, the political issues in Brazil have influence in the decision-making, therefore affect the planning of the waste management systems, inhibiting successful experiences. It was also discovered that the cities lack a system for collecting consistent, comprehensive and standardized data on quantities, compositions of solid waste and quality indicators that enable the scope and efficiency of these data systems. This shows that there is a need to restructure all executive areas directly or indirectly responsible for this issue in Brazil. Only then, will it achieve the desired objectives in the legislation, and enable an effective supervision in order to provide continuity in the actions to be implemented. / A Lei Federal Brasileira nº 12.305, de agosto de 2010, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), estabelece prazos ou limites temporais para algumas ações, como a eliminação de lixões e a consequente destinação final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos até 2014. Contudo, a implementação desta Lei, marco histórico na gestão ambiental do País, enfrentará grandes desafios que necessitam de comprometimento entre os entes da federação brasileira para que as metas sejam alcançadas. Neste contexto, o estudo objetivou analisar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos nos municípios de Aracaju (SE) e João Pessoa (PB), ambos localizados na região nordeste, focando as formas de disposição final, os programas de coleta seletiva e os problemas enfrentados para o cumprimento da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Para alcançar o objetivo principal do estudo foi necessário a elaboração de um diagnóstico quanto à gestão e o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos das capitais Aracaju e João Pessoa, de modo a elencar as dificuldades técnicas, econômicas e socioambientais que englobam a temática. Para isso, foram levantadas informações acerca das formas de disposição final e sistemas de coleta seletiva dos municípios, dos planos, das ações, das legislações municipais e das práticas realizadas, assim como das infraestruturas instaladas. Esses dados permitiram uma análise comparativa entre os municípios estudados. A metodologia utilizada para levantamento das informações foi de ordem primária e secundária, tendo como instrumentos de coleta a pesquisa de campo (observação direta extensiva) e o formulário de entrevista aberta. Os métodos de análise dos dados foram quantitativos e qualitativos, representados através de estatística simples em gráficos, tabelas, quadros e fluxogramas. Os resultados mostraram que os municípios apresentam semelhanças quanto às perspectivas de elaboração de projetos para implementação da Política, porém ambos enfrentam dificuldades relacionadas à capacitação técnica, a recursos financeiros, a sensibilização ambiental e aos cumprimentos dos prazos estipulados pela Lei em questão. Também, foi possível constatar que, de modo geral, as questões políticas no Brasil influem nas tomadas de decisões, pois afetam o planejamento dos sistemas de gestão de resíduos impossibilitando experiências exitosas. Verificou-se, ainda, que falta um sistema de coleta de dados consistentes, compreensivos e padronizados sobre quantidades, composições de resíduos sólidos e indicadores de qualidade que possibilitem o alcance e eficiência da gestão de resíduos. Salienta-se que se faz necessária a reestruturação em todas as instancias executivas direta ou indiretamente responsáveis por tal temática no Brasil. Só assim será possível atingir as metas estabelecidas na legislação e viabilizar uma fiscalização efetiva para que haja continuidade nas ações a serem implementadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marilia Daher Marques.pdf: 3111241 bytes, checksum: 34783ea2d710ed7dd92ebe4c2b85a5df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / The disposal of Municipal Solid Waste is one of the major sanitation problems found in Brazil. The disposal of these wastes in inappropriate places brings social, environmental and economic disorders. Currently the state of Goiás has extremely low rate of proper disposal of MSW, especially in small cities. Recent regulatory instructions of ABNT and of SEMARH GO brought simplified methodology for the construction of simplified landfill for municipalities with untill 50.000 inhabitants, considered as small municipalities. As those have simplified structure, the area selection for deployment of those landfills must be careful to avoid possible environmental and social damages. Therefore, this work aimed to select viable areas for implementation of simplified landfill having as scenario the city of Guapó GO. It was determined a project horizon of 20 years. The selection of viable areas was performed using the geographic information system (GIS) ArcGis 9.3, which was used to exclude unsuitable areas according to current legislation. In the first stage of the study were used shapes provided by the State System of Statistics and Geographic Information of the State of Goiás. Were identified five possible areas for the implementation of simplified landfill which were submitted for individual evaluation using weighting matrices in which the areas were evaluated and scored according to aspects required by environmental legislation. Done the hierarchy process was searched for the presence or absence of legal reserves in them. As a result we obtained the three best areas for the implementation of simplified landfill in the city of Guapó and concluded that the selection of viable areas that meets the legal parameters can and should be done by all small municipalities in order to adjust the final disposal of their MSW and promote the welfare of local people and the preservation of the environment. / A disposição final de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é hoje um dos grandes problemas de saneamento básico encontrados no Brasil. O despejo destes resíduos em locais inadequados traz transtornos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. Atualmente, o Estado de Goiás possui baixíssimo índice de disposição adequada de RSU, principalmente nos municípios de pequeno porte. Recentes instruções normativas da ABNT e da SEMARH-GO trouxeram metodologia simplificada para a construção de aterro simplificado para municípios com até 50.000 habitantes, considerados como municípios de pequeno porte. Por possuírem estrutura simplificada, a seleção de área para implantação destes aterros deve ser criteriosa a fim de evitar possíveis danos ambientais e sociais. Diante disso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de selecionar áreas viáveis para implantação de aterro sanitário simplificado tendo como cenário de estudo o município de Guapó GO, o qual atualmente dispõe seus resíduos em aterro controlado. O horizonte de projeto determinado foi de 20 anos. A seleção das áreas viáveis foi realizada utilizando o sistema de informações geográficas (SIG) ArcGis 9.3, através do qual excluiu-se áreas inadequadas de acordo com a legislação vigente. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram utilizadas shapes fornecidas gratuitamente pelo Sistema Estadual de Estatística e de Informações Geográficas do Estado de Goiás. Foram identificadas cinco possíveis áreas para a implantação do aterro sanitário simplificado, que foram submetidas à avaliação individual utilizando-se de matrizes de ponderação nas quais as áreas foram avaliadas e pontuadas de acordo com aspectos exigidos pela legislação ambiental vigente. Feita a hierarquização das áreas verificou-se a presença ou ausência de reservas legais nas mesmas. Como resultado obteve-se as três melhores áreas para a implantação do aterro sanitário simplificado do município de Guapó e constatou-se que a seleção de uma área viável, que atenda aos parâmetros e exigências legais, pode e deve ser realizada por todos os municípios de pequeno porte a fim de adequar a disposição final de seus RSU e promover o bem-estar da população local e a preservação do meio ambiente.

No description available.

The hereby presented master’s thesis deals with municipal solid waste separation. The introductory chapters describe current state of handling of selected recyclables and the technologies of their collection. The following chapter is a description of a waste sorting line technology, since this facility’s function is to upgrade the recyclables to secondary materials. The first step of practical part of this thesis was creation of a technical-economic model of the sorting line designed to process plastic and paper waste, therefore the following chapter is dedicated to its description and presentation. Subsequently, the outputs of the model are evaluated for three settings of its input variables, which represent the three imagined scenarios of the modeled sorting line’s operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on selected input variables of this model were also performed. A separate chapter is dedicated to changes in the model outputs in the case of including the waste transportation prices to the selected scenario. At the end of the thesis, the influence of increased material separation of plastic waste on the lower heating value of residual mixed municipal solid waste is evaluated.

This thesis summarizes latest findings about municipal solid waste (MSW) modelling. These are used to solve multivariable version of inverse prediction problem. It is not possible to solve such problem analytically, so heuristic framework using regression models and data reconciliation was developed. As a side product, models for MSW modelling using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LM (Linear Model) were created. These were compared with heuristic model called RF (Random Forest). Both of these models were also used for per capita MSW modelling. Theoretical parts about generalized linear models, data reconciliation and nonlinear programming are also included.

Le traitement thermique des déchets municipaux suscite de plus en plus l’attention du fait des gains énergétiques et environnementaux associés. Cependant, du fait de la présence de composés chlorés (sels, plastiques) de l’acide chlorhydrique (HCl) est généralement produit lors de ce traitement et provoque des désagréments tels que la corrosion, la formation de contaminants organiques toxiques, une acidification, etc. De ce fait, le but du présent travail de thèse vise à étudier le rôle d’un réactif à base de CaO (oxyde de calcium) pour l’abattement in-situ des émissions de HCl issues du traitement thermique des déchets. Dans ce travail, l’absorption/réaction du gaz HCl par le lit catalytique de CaO a été étudiée expérimentalement et théoriquement. Tout d’abord, il a été montré que le lit de CaO conduit à un abattement significatif du HCl généré, formant une couche de CaCl2 en surface des particules de CaO. Cependant, la température opératoire est un facteur important du procédé, la capacité d’absorption de HCl diminuant de 778,9 à 173,9 mg/g-CaO en augmentant la température de 550 à 850°C. L’analyse cinétique de la réaction, en confrontant les données expérimentales à différents modèles de réaction de surface sur une particule, montre que la diffusion du gaz HCl au travers de la couche de CaCl2 (produit de la réaction de surface) est d’abord limitée par la réaction à l’interface puis par la diffusion de HCl dans cette couche poreuse en croissance. Pour simuler la génération de HCl in-situ par une source organique, la pyro-gazéification du PVC a été effectuée en présence ou en absence de CaO. Une modélisation des différentes étapes de la décomposition du PVC en présence de CaO a montré que l’énergie d’activation apparente de la réaction de déchlorination était légèrement augmentée (de 136,5 à152,6 kJ/mol) tandis que l’énergie apparente globale de la pyro-gazéification du PVC est diminuée de 197,3 à 148,9 kJ/mol en utilisant CaO. La génération in-situ de HCl a aussi été réalisée en utilisant un mélange modèle de déchets municipaux, contenant du chlore organique et inorganique. L’abattement en HCl a été évalué, et la nature chimique des goudrons a été analysée. En présence de CaO, la part de composés organiques oxygénés est réduite, améliorant ainsi la qualité des goudrons en vue d’un raffinage en bio-huile. Une approche par analyse de cycle de vie a aussi été réalisée pour la pyro-gazéification et l’incinération des déchets municipaux. La modélisation a été réalisée en envisageant 3 scénarios de déchlorination : (1) gazéification avec fusion des cendres puis une étape de traitement du chlore ex-situ à basse température, (2) gazéification suivie d’une étape d’épuration du chlore ex-situ à haute température, (3) gazéification couplée à une déchlorination in-situ en présence du réactif CaO. Ce dernier scénario hypothétique offre les meilleures performances environnementales (par exemple: acidification, réchauffement, émissions polluantes toxiques….) mais reste un modèle théorique et simplifié. / Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) attracts increasing attention due to the associated environmental and energy benefits. However, due to the chlorinated components of the MSW (salts, plastics) hydrogen chloride (HCl) is usually generated and may cause corrosion, toxic organic contaminants formation, acidification, etc. The present study focuses on the reactivity of a calcium oxide (CaO) reactant for in-situ mitigation of released HCl from thermal treatment of MSW. In this work, sorption of HCl gas in CaO reactive bed has been experimentally and theoretically studied. First, it is shown that the use of CaO is effective to remove released HCl gas, by forming a CaCl2 layer at the surface of CaO particles. However, temperature of the reactor is a key process parameter, since the removal capacity of HCl decreases significantly from 778.9 to 173.9 mg/g-CaO with the increase of temperature from 550°C to 850°C. A kinetics analysis has been developed by comparing experimental data with models describing the reaction at the particle surface. It has been concluded that the sorption of HCl at the CaO particle surface is firstly limited by the heterogeneous gas-solid reaction, followed by the HCl diffusion through this porous growing layer. To simulate the in-situ generation of HCl from organic source, pyro-gasification of PVC has been performed with or without CaO addition. The experimental data have been then used for the modeling of the different PVC decomposition steps. Although the average apparent activation energy of pseudo dehydrochlorination reaction is increased from 136.5 kJ/mol to 152.6 kJ/mol with the addition of CaO, the apparent activation energy of the overall PVC decomposition has been decreased from 197.3 to 148.9 kJ/mol by using CaO reactant. In-situ generation of HCl from organic and inorganic sources has also been conducted using simulated MSW. HCl mitigation has been evaluated together with the chemical speciation of the produced tars. Using CaO, the amount of oxygenated organic compounds has been reduced, improving the quality of the tars for a further bio-oil upgrading. To complete the aforementioned works, life cycle assessment (LCA) of three typical pyro-gasification and incineration processes is conducted to compare their overall environmental sustainability. Moreover, pyro-gasification-based WtE systems with different dehydrochlorination strategies are further modeled: 1) conventional gasification system; 2) novel gasification coupled with ex-situ high temperature dehydrochlorination system; and 3) hypothetical gasification coupled with in-situ dehydrochlorination system. The obtained results could be applied to optimize the current waste pyro-gasification systems, with special focus on developing strategies for in-situ dehydrochlorination purpose.

Au cours des dernières décennies, nous avons été témoins de la croissance des controverses relatives à l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux dans de nombreuses villes du monde. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les grandes et moyennes villes en Chine. Diverses catégories d’acteurs, y compris l’État, les autorités locales, les acteurs du marché économique et de la société civile, tentent d’exercer leur influence sur la construction, l’extension et/ou l’opération des incinérateurs. Même si les controverses relatives à l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux abordées par le passé dans plusieurs disciplines, nous ne sommes pas en présence d’une véritable compréhension collective suffisante de la stabilité et du changement à l’échelle méso. La thèse traite de la question suivante: dans les débats et les affrontements autour de l’incinération, comment et jusqu’à quel point les interactions et les compétitions entre contestataires et adversaires contribuent-elles à définir un champ d’action stratégique où la structure industrielle et les politiques de gestion des déchets dominées par l’incinération sont remises en question ou reconduites ? Pour répondre à cette question, cette étude considère l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux en Chine sous l’angle d’un champ d’action stratégique. Elle essaie de clarifier ce qui se passe dans ce champ sous trois aspects: les acteurs, les actions stratégiques et les retombées politiques. Faisant appel à une démarche de recherche qualitative, un grand volume de données primaires et secondaires a été amassé, y compris 42 entretiens semi-structurés, 557 posts en ligne, des rapports de recherche, des documents d’archives, des rapports d’évaluation de l’impact sur l’environnement, des nouvelles en ligne, des données statistiques et des documents de politique. À l’aide de ces données, cette étude approfondi la compréhension des relations entre, d’un côté les acteurs s’opposant aux activités découlant de l’incinération – les contestataires – et, de l’autre, les adversaires dans le champ d’action stratégique, mettant en lumière leurs arguments respectifs. En outre, le processus par lequel les militants utilisent les réseaux sociaux pour la mobilisation du consensus a reçu une attention supplémentaire. De plus, cette étude a analysé l’évolution des interactions entre les militants et les décideurs politiques et a contextualisé la transformation du champ au cours des dernières décennies. Les résultats ont montré que les controverses autour de l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux sont allées au-delà des préoccupations pour les intérêts personnels et le bien-être environnemental. Cela permet d’introduire des explications plus nuancées comparativement aux discours conventionnels concernant les protestations contre l’incinération, fournissant une compréhension systématique de l’activisme local. Cette analyse exploratoire a permis également de mieux comprendre la signification politique et sociale des controverses publiques à travers des pratiques locales de gestion des déchets. Dans un sens plus large, la thèse permet de revoir les notions usuelles à l’égard des relations entre conflits et ordre. / The past few decades have witnessed the growth of controversies regarding municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in many cities around the world. This is especially true when it comes to large and medium-sized cities in China. Various categories of actors—including the state, local authorities, market actors, and the civil society—seek to exert their influence on the construction, expansion, and/or operation of incinerators. Even though the controversies over MSW incineration have been discussed across a range of disciplines in previous literature, we are not in the presence of a sufficient collective understanding of stability and change of the meso-level social order. This dissertation addresses the following question: How and to what extent do interactions and competition between pro-incineration and anti-incineration groups contributes to defining a strategic action field (SAF) where the incineration-dominated industrial structure and waste disposal policies are challenged or maintained? To answer the question, this study considers MSW incineration in China an SAF and attempts to clarify what is happening in this SAF from three aspects: actors, strategic action, and policy impacts. Based on a qualitative research design, a great volume of primary and secondary data were collected, including 42 semi-structured interviews, 557 online posts, research reports, archival materials, environmental impact assessment reports, online news, statistical data, and policy documents. With the help of collected data, this study deepened the understanding of the relationship between proponents and opponents in the field of incineration and shed light on their respective arguments. In addition, the process through which activists used social media for consensus mobilization was given additional attention. Moreover, by analyzing the dynamics of the interplay between activists and policy makers, this study revealed and contextualized the evolution of the SAF over the past few decades. The findings showed that controversies around MSW incineration had gone beyond the concerns for personal interests and environmental well-being. This allows to introduce more refined explanations compared to conventional discourses regarding anti-incineration protests and provide a more nuanced understanding of local activism. This exploratory analysis also helped to better understand the political and social significance of public controversies through local practices of MSW management. In a broad sense, this dissertation makes it possible to review the usual conceptions with regard to the relations between conflict and order.

Biowaste Valorization (BV) includes practices that capture the value of biowaste through its conversion to high-value products. BV practices can influence the progress of various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differently. BV can have several potential interactions with the SDGs (BV-SDGs interactions) that may take the form of either synergies or trade-offs. Therefore, the identification of BV-SDGs interactions is key to the successful achievement of SDGs. Sweden is a country at an advanced stage of BV implementation and can thus offer valuable insights. Through semi-structured interviews, relevant stakeholders evaluated the impact of BV on 15 selected SDGs targets in Sweden thus far. Both positive and negative effects were found, but synergies outnumbered the trade-offs with BV positively contributing to all 15 targets. However, this study also shows some potential trade-offs that require further investigation. The findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to address BV-SDGs interactions comprehensively. The evidence provided in this study can inform the scientific community as well as other types of stakeholders towards better BV planning. The insights from the Swedish case can be valuable to Sweden and other countries in different stages in the transition to BV and a wider Circular Economy (CE). / Biowaste Valorization (BV) inkluderar metoder som fångar värdet av bioavfall genom dess omvandling till högvärdiga produkter. BV-praxis kan påverka utvecklingen av olika hållbara utvecklingsmål (SDG) på olika sätt. BV kan ha flera potentiella interaktioner med SDG (BV-SDG-interaktioner) som kan ta formen av antingen synergier eller avvägningar. Därför är identifieringen av BV-SDG-interaktioner nyckeln till ett framgångsrikt uppnående av SDG. Sverige är ett land i ett långt framskridet stadium av BV-implementering och kan därmed erbjuda värdefulla insikter. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer utvärderade relevanta intressenter effekten av BV på 15 utvalda SDG-mål i Sverige hittills. Både positiva och negativa effekter hittades, men synergierna överträffade avvägningarna med BV som positivt bidrog till alla 15 målen. Men den här studien visar också på några potentiella avvägningar som kräver ytterligare utredning. Resultaten belyser behovet av tvärvetenskapligt samarbete för att ta itu med BV-SDG-interaktioner på ett heltäckande sätt. Bevisen som tillhandahålls i denna studie kan informera vetenskapssamhället såväl som andra typer av intressenter mot bättre BV-planering. Insikterna från det svenska fallet kan vara värdefulla för Sverige och andra länder i olika skeden av övergången till BV och en bredare cirkulär ekonomi (CE).

The paper considers the problems of the formation and processing of municipal solid waste, in particular rubber products. The lack of places for temporary storage of waste, the ill-conceived organization of selective collection, and untimely processing of waste negatively affect both the quality of life of the population and the quality of the environment. The problem of the formation and processing of rubber products (car tires) is considered the most acute in modern conditions. The paper analyzes the modern methods of recycling rubber products, substantiates the choice of the most optimal processing method - classical pyrolysis. The study provides a calculation of the economic feasibility of a project for the processing of car tires by pyrolysis. The environmental effectiveness of the project is also justified. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the selection of the optimal method for processing rubber goods, which has a minimally negative impact on the environment. / В работе рассматриваются проблемы образования и переработки твердых коммунальных отходов, в частности резинотехнических изделий. Отсутствие мест временного складирования отходов, непродуманная организация селективного сбора, несвоевременная переработка отходов отрицательно сказываются как на качестве жизни населения, так и на качестве окружающей среды. Проблема образования и переработки резинотехнических изделий (автомобильных шин) считается наиболее острой в современных условиях. В работе проведен анализ современных методов утилизации резинотехнических изделий, обоснован выбор наиболее оптимального метода переработки – классический пиролиз. В исследовании приведен расчет экономического обоснования проекта по переработке автомобильных шин методом пиролиза. Также обоснована экологическая эффективность проекта. Научная новизна исследования заключается в выборе оптимального метода переработки РТИ, оказывающего минимально негативное воздействие на окружающую среду.