Junctophilins (JP1 & JP2) are expressed in skeletal muscle and are the primary proteins involved in transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane apposition. During the performance of eccentric contractions, the apposition of T-tubule and SR membranes may be disrupted, resulting in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling failure and thus reduced force-producing capacity. In this study, we made three primary observations: 1) Through the first three days after the performance of 50 eccentric contractions in vivo by the left hindlimb anterior crural muscles of female mice, both JP1 and JP2 were significantly reduced by ~50 and 35%, respectively, while no reductions were observed after the performance of non-fatiguing concentric contractions; 2) following the performance of a repeated bout 50 eccentric contractions in vivo, only JP1 was immediately reduced (~30%) but recovered by 3d post-injury in tandem with the recovery of strength and EC coupling; and 3) following the performance of 10 eccentric contractions at either 15 or 35˚C by isolated mouse EDL muscle, isometric force, EC coupling, and JP1 and JP2 were only reduced after the 35˚C eccentric contractions. Regression analysis of JP1 and JP2 content in TA and EDL muscles from each set of experiments indicated that JP damage is significantly associated with early (0 – 3d) strength deficits after performing eccentric contractions (R = 0.49; P < 0.001). As a whole, the results of this study indicate that JP damage plays in role in early force deficits due to EC coupling failure following the performance of eccentric contractions.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) are characterized by exercise intolerance, breathlessness, fatigue and excessive neurohormonal activation associated with premature mortality. Recently, inflammatory activation has been described as an important factor in the progression of HF. Increased levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-ɑ, IL-6) have been related to increased severity of left ventricular dysfunction, the activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems and the catabolism of skeletal muscle. Although exercise training is important in the management of HF, acute bouts of exercise may lead to increases in proinflammatory cytokines. It is believed that the skeletal muscle abnormalities associated with HF may increase the risk of damage to skeletal muscle, (i.e., exercise-induced muscle injury (EIMI) with associated inflammatory activation) especially following unaccustomed exercise training. Recently, several training methods have been proposed for patients with HF that challenge the traditional “steady-state” (SS) training model, including interval training (IT). Interval training methods employ greater muscular loading than SS and therefore may increase the risk of inflammatory system activation EIMI, and/or reduced muscle function. There is no study that has examined the effects of IT on EIMI, muscle function and/or inflammatory markers. Material and Methods: Fourteen male participants with HF (mean age: 59 +/- 7.8 yrs; mean VO2 peak: 13.64 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/m-1; EF < 45%) were matched (for body mass and aerobic fitness) and randomized into SS or IT for 20 minutes. The IT involved 2 minute work:recovery phases of 90% and 40% of heart rate reserve, respectively. The SS involved continuous exercise at 65% of heart rate reserve. Biochemical markers of muscle damage and acute inflammation, concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle torque, and subjective indicators of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and lower extremity function were evaluated at baseline, and then immediately following the training bout, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post. Results: There were no significant differences between the IT and the SS training group for markers of skeletal muscle injury or inflammatory activation. Conclusions: The findings from the present study suggest that IT or SS do not result in excessive inflammatory system activation or skeletal muscle injury. These results have important implications for clinicians prescribing exercise regimes for HF patients who may be starting back into activity after a prolonged sedentary period. Additionally, results from this study indicate that there is a need for future research looking at the actual and perceived effect of even a single about of exercise on lower extremity function.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) are characterized by exercise intolerance, breathlessness, fatigue and excessive neurohormonal activation associated with premature mortality. Recently, inflammatory activation has been described as an important factor in the progression of HF. Increased levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-ɑ, IL-6) have been related to increased severity of left ventricular dysfunction, the activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems and the catabolism of skeletal muscle. Although exercise training is important in the management of HF, acute bouts of exercise may lead to increases in proinflammatory cytokines. It is believed that the skeletal muscle abnormalities associated with HF may increase the risk of damage to skeletal muscle, (i.e., exercise-induced muscle injury (EIMI) with associated inflammatory activation) especially following unaccustomed exercise training. Recently, several training methods have been proposed for patients with HF that challenge the traditional “steady-state” (SS) training model, including interval training (IT). Interval training methods employ greater muscular loading than SS and therefore may increase the risk of inflammatory system activation EIMI, and/or reduced muscle function. There is no study that has examined the effects of IT on EIMI, muscle function and/or inflammatory markers. Material and Methods: Fourteen male participants with HF (mean age: 59 +/- 7.8 yrs; mean VO2 peak: 13.64 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/m-1; EF < 45%) were matched (for body mass and aerobic fitness) and randomized into SS or IT for 20 minutes. The IT involved 2 minute work:recovery phases of 90% and 40% of heart rate reserve, respectively. The SS involved continuous exercise at 65% of heart rate reserve. Biochemical markers of muscle damage and acute inflammation, concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle torque, and subjective indicators of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and lower extremity function were evaluated at baseline, and then immediately following the training bout, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post. Results: There were no significant differences between the IT and the SS training group for markers of skeletal muscle injury or inflammatory activation. Conclusions: The findings from the present study suggest that IT or SS do not result in excessive inflammatory system activation or skeletal muscle injury. These results have important implications for clinicians prescribing exercise regimes for HF patients who may be starting back into activity after a prolonged sedentary period. Additionally, results from this study indicate that there is a need for future research looking at the actual and perceived effect of even a single about of exercise on lower extremity function.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) are characterized by exercise intolerance, breathlessness, fatigue and excessive neurohormonal activation associated with premature mortality. Recently, inflammatory activation has been described as an important factor in the progression of HF. Increased levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-ɑ, IL-6) have been related to increased severity of left ventricular dysfunction, the activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems and the catabolism of skeletal muscle. Although exercise training is important in the management of HF, acute bouts of exercise may lead to increases in proinflammatory cytokines. It is believed that the skeletal muscle abnormalities associated with HF may increase the risk of damage to skeletal muscle, (i.e., exercise-induced muscle injury (EIMI) with associated inflammatory activation) especially following unaccustomed exercise training. Recently, several training methods have been proposed for patients with HF that challenge the traditional “steady-state” (SS) training model, including interval training (IT). Interval training methods employ greater muscular loading than SS and therefore may increase the risk of inflammatory system activation EIMI, and/or reduced muscle function. There is no study that has examined the effects of IT on EIMI, muscle function and/or inflammatory markers. Material and Methods: Fourteen male participants with HF (mean age: 59 +/- 7.8 yrs; mean VO2 peak: 13.64 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/m-1; EF < 45%) were matched (for body mass and aerobic fitness) and randomized into SS or IT for 20 minutes. The IT involved 2 minute work:recovery phases of 90% and 40% of heart rate reserve, respectively. The SS involved continuous exercise at 65% of heart rate reserve. Biochemical markers of muscle damage and acute inflammation, concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle torque, and subjective indicators of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and lower extremity function were evaluated at baseline, and then immediately following the training bout, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post. Results: There were no significant differences between the IT and the SS training group for markers of skeletal muscle injury or inflammatory activation. Conclusions: The findings from the present study suggest that IT or SS do not result in excessive inflammatory system activation or skeletal muscle injury. These results have important implications for clinicians prescribing exercise regimes for HF patients who may be starting back into activity after a prolonged sedentary period. Additionally, results from this study indicate that there is a need for future research looking at the actual and perceived effect of even a single about of exercise on lower extremity function. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate

No description available.

A espectroscopia de fluorescência é um método convencionalmente empregado no estudo de materiais para a determinação de compostos em função de bandas de emissão características. O mesmo princípio pode ser utilizado para a determinação da presença de agentes fluorescentes em tecidos biológicos, que podem ser úteis no diagnóstico e direcionamento no tratamento de lesões teciduais. Das lesões teciduais as lesões por ultravioleta e as lesões musculares merecem atenção especial devido à freqüência com que ocorrem. As lesões por ultravioleta podem induzir o câncer de pele, que hoje representa o câncer de maior incidência no Brasil e as lesões músculo esqueléticas são as mais freqüentes quando comparadas há outras patologias que acometem o homem, motivo este do estudo destas lesões. No entanto, apesar da espectroscopia de fluorescência se mostrar eficiente para a detecção de lesões superficiais, dúvidas permanecem a respeito da sensibilidade da técnica para lesões intersticiais (que ocorrem em profundidade), visando este estudo avaliar a eficiência e a sensibilidade da técnica na diferenciação entre o tecido normal e o tecido lesado para o diagnóstico destas lesões. O sistema empregado para efetuarmos o diagnóstico, utiliza uma fonte laser de excitação em 442 nm (Helio-Cádmio), ponta de detecção com uma fibra central e seis periféricas para coleta da luz re-emitida pelo tecido, um monocromador e um computador. Para o trabalho foram utilizados ratos machos da raça Wistar com peso aproximado de 300 g, lesados utilizando uma lâmpada de ultravioleta e traumatizados utilizando um equipamento de trauma direto não invasivo. Os resultados foram obtidos através de análises comparativas entre os espectros do tecido normal e tecidos lesados. / The fluorescence spectroscopy is a conventionally used method, in the study of materials for the compound determination in function to the characteristic emission bands. The same principle can be used to determine the presence of fluorescent agents in biological tissues, which can be useful in the diagnosis, and for a better direction in the treatment of tissue injuries. From the tissue injuries, the injuries by ultraviolet and muscle injuries, they deserve a special attention due to their frequent occurrence. The injuries by ultraviolet can induce skin cancer, which nowadays represents the highest incidence in Brazil and the muscle injuries are the most common, when compared to the other pathologies that affect human beings, that is why these two kinds of injuries will be studied in this paper. Although, thus, the fluorescence spectroscopy has shown to be efficient in the detection of superficial injuries, doubts remain about the technique sensitivity for interstitial injuries (which happen deeply), this study aims to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of the technique in the differentiation between normal tissue and injured tissue, for the diagnosis of these injuries. The system used to get the diagnosis uses a laser source of excitation in 442 nm (Helium-Cadmium), a tip of detection with a central fiber and six peripheral ones to collect the re-emitted light from the tissue, a monochromator and a computer. For the research, Wistar rats weighting about 300 g was used, which are injured using an ultraviolet lamp and traumatized, using a direct non-invasive trauma equipment. The results was be obtained through comparative analysis between the spectrums from normal tissue and injured ones.

Estiramento muscular e outras desordens músculo esqueléticas são as principais causas de afastamento do trabalho e estão entre as lesões mais comuns que desabilitam os atletas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de investigar os efeitos da Terapia Laser de Baixa Intensidade (infravermelha, 810nm) no estiramento do músculo esquelético induzido em ratos. Métodos: Ratos wistar machos foram anestesiados para a indução do estiramento muscular. O animal foi posicionado, em decúbito dorsal, sobre cortiça acoplada ao sistema de alongamento. O membro posterior direito foi firmemente preso com linha, que passa por uma roldana e se prende a um peso correspondente a 150% do peso corporal do animal. Esta linha foi fixada sobre o dorso da pata do animal, realizando uma flexão plantar, alongando o músculo tibial anterior da pata posterior direita do animal. O protocolo foi realizado uma única vez sendo que o animal recebeu a tração durante 20 minutos, descansou por 3 minutos e recebeu mais uma tração durante 20 minutos Os grupos tratados receberam a irradiação do Laser no local da indução, 1 horas após a lesão, para analisar o índice funcional, estudo eletrofisiológico, a proteína C reativa, o extravasamento plasmático, expressão gênica por real time RT-PCR e protéica por Western-Blott de COX-1 e COX-2, TNF-, IL 1, IL 6, IL 10 e histologia. Resultados e Discussão: A utilização da Terapia Laser de Baixa potência reduziu a inflamação e o dano muscular após o estiramento experimental, conduzindo a uma melhora significativa da atividade de caminhar. / Muscle strains and other musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of work absenteeism and are among the most common and often disabling injuries in athletes. The main objetive of this study was to investigate the effects of low level laser therapy (infrared, 810nm) on controlled muscle strain in rats. Method: Male wistar rats were anesthetized for controlled muscle strain induction. After one hour the rats were treated with low level laser therapy to analize the functional index, eletrofisiologic study, reactive c protein, plasmatic extravasation, real time RT-PCR gene expression and western blott analisis of COX-1, COX-2, TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and histology. Results and Discussion: After experimental induction of muscle strech, Low Level Laser Therapy was effective reducing inflammation and muscle damage, conducting a better walking activity.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T13:01:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRÉIA BORGES MACEDO.pdf: 4548667 bytes, checksum: 638d9b201287383c7aafa2ce65c913d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:01:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRÉIA BORGES MACEDO.pdf: 4548667 bytes, checksum: 638d9b201287383c7aafa2ce65c913d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / The Environmental Walk takes place every year in Goiás-Brazil, this is an event that athletes walk along 310 Km in 5 days, stimulating the environmental awareness, specially, the Cerrado Biome. During the strenuous physical activity, of long way, physiological changes occur, triggering the release of inflammation-related markers. The present study had as objective to verify, in athletes of the Environmental Walk of 2014. the behavior of serum levels of the CK, PCR e IL-6 markers, before and during the walk.Venous Blood samples were taken from 24 athletes of mankind who were on the environmental walk and it was evaluated the serum levels of CK, PCR e IL-6. The 24 athletes were about 45,1 + 8,50. The medium Serum levels of PCR had increased from 1,22 + 1,28 on the baseline to 13,1 + 13,9, after the fourth walking day (+973,8%; p < 0,001). The Serum levels of IL-6 had increased from 2,19 pg/ml (DP + 1,96), on the baseline to 4,59 pg/ml (DP + 3,95), at the end of the walk (+109,6%; p < 0,001). Similarly, it was verified a significant increasing on the concentration of enzyme CK on the evaluated periods. The medium Serum levels increased from 588,6 + 1.024,5 to 1.473,2 + 1.797,6 (+150,3%; p < 0,001). The present study evidenced progressive tissue injury estimated by the CK Enzyme Serum levels. However, the subsequent inflammatory response, evidenced by the IL-6 and PCR levels, showed itself limited, getting the maximum expression on the second and third day respectively, decaying itself since then. Such results contribute to the comprehension of the physiological alterations generated during the physical stress and the capacity of the organism of reestablishing the normal levels. / A caminhada ecológica ocorre anualmente em Goiás, evento em que atletas percorrem 310 Km em 5 dias, estimulando a conscientização da preservação do meio ambiente, principalmente, do Bioma Cerrado. Durante a atividade física extenuante, de longa distância, ocorrem alterações fisiológicas, desencadeando a liberação de marcadores relacionados à inflamação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar, em atletas da caminhada ecológica de 2014, o comportamento dos níveis séricos dos marcadores CK, PCR e IL-6, antes e durante a caminhada. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue venoso de 24 atletas do sexo masculino da caminhada ecológica e foram avaliados os níveis séricos de CK, PCR e IL-6. Os 24 atletas apresentaram idade média de 45,1 + 8,50. Os níveis séricos médios de PCR aumentaram de 1,22 + 1,28 na linha de base para 13,1 + 13,9, após o quarto dia de caminhada (+973,8%; p < 0,001). Os níveis séricos da IL-6 aumentaram de 2,19 pg/ml (DP + 1,96), na linha de base, para 4,59 pg/ml (DP + 3,95), ao final da caminhada (+109,6%; p < 0,001). Da mesma forma, verificou-se um aumento significativo na concentração da enzima CK nos períodos avaliados. Os níveis séricos médios aumentaram de 588,6 + 1.024,5 para 1.473,2 + 1.797,6 (+150,3%; p < 0,001). O presente estudo evidenciou lesão tecidual progressiva estimada pelos níveis séricos da enzima CK. Contudo, a resposta inflamatória subsequente, evidenciada pelos níveis de IL-6 e PCR, mostrou-se alto-limitada, atingindo expressão máxima no segundo e no terceiro dia respectivamente, decaindo a partir de então. Tais resultados contribuem para a compreensão das alterações fisiológicas geradas durante o estresse físico e a capacidade do organismo de restabelecer os níveis de normalidade.

O tecido muscular esquelético é dentre os tecidos do organismo um dos principais afetados em decorrência do uso abusivo do álcool. Neste trabalho nosso objetivo foi o de quantificar os efeitos do alcoolismo crônico experimental sobre a musculatura esqueléticas de ratos submetidos ou não a atividade física padronizada, bem como avaliar a regeneração muscular após mecanismos de lesão muscular aguda, no músculo gastrocnêmio, através de trauma direto não-invasivo associado posteriormente ao tratamento de 3 dias com ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade (USP). Para tanto, foi utilizado 20 ratos wistar divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: grupo I alcoólatra sedentário lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP, grupo II controle sedentário lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP, grupo III alcoólatra treinado lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP e grupo IV controle treinado lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP. Após o período estabelecido, os animais foram sacrificados. O gastrocnêmio e o sóleo direito foram coletados para quantificar a histomorfometria e o gastrocnêmio esquerdo foi retirado para análise histológica da regeneração muscular. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a recuperação das fibras musculares dos ratos alcoólatras avaliados histopatologicamente, apresentam sinais de lesões mais acentuadas que as fibras dos ratos controle submetidos às mesmas condições. E que nosso esquema de alcoolismo crônico não foi efetivo na indução da miopatia alcoólica crônica. / The skeletal muscle tissue is among the organism tissues one of the most affected by the abuse alcohol. The aim of this study was quantify the effects of chronic alcoholism on skeletal muscle of rats submitted or not to exercise training model, as well evaluate the muscle regeneration after mechanism of acute muscular injury, in the gastrocnemius muscle, through a direct non-invasive trauma subsequently associated with a treatment of 3 days with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (USP). For that, it was used twenty male wistar rats were allocated into 4 experimental groups: group I alcoholic without practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP, group II control without practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP, group III alcoholic with practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP and group IV control with practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP. All groups suffered muscular injury and stimulation with USP. After this period, the animals were killed. The right gastrocnemius and soleus were collected for detail quantitative histomorphometry and the left gastrocnemius muscle was removed for histology analysis of muscle regeneration. Ours results suggest that fiber muscle recuperation of the alcoholic rats evaluated histopathology, show deeper damaged signs that control rat\'s fibers in the same condition. And ours diagram of chronic alcolism was not effective in the induce chronic alcoholic myopathy.

Entre os efeitos ergogênicos levantados pela literatura da creatina estão, aumento de massa muscular, capacidade antioxidante, efeito de tamponamento e redução da lesão muscular ocasionada por exercícios físicos. Visto que a suplementação de creatina pode atenuar danos induzidos pelo exercício físico e influenciar diretamente o sistema ATP-CP, predominante da modalidade de voleibol, o presente estudo propôs o uso da suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato durante sete dias, concomitante à realização de um protocolo de indução de dano muscular a fim de investigar a capacidade de manter a integridade da célula muscular por meio de marcadores de lesão muscular e avaliar sua influência no teste de desempenho físico. Foi realizado um estudo duplo cego, randomizado com 14 atletas de voleibol, no qual foi suplementado creatina ou placebo por um período de 7 dias (fase de carga) e 4 dias (fase de manutenção). Antes e após as fases de suplementação os atletas foram submetidos ao teste de desempenho físico e a coleta de sangue para avaliar concentrações de creatina quinase, creatina plasmática e lactato desidrogenase. Após a realização do protocolo de suplementação de creatina foi observado um aumento na concentração total de creatina plasmática, peso corporal e menor percepção de dor no grupo suplementado com creatina. Não foi encontrada diferença no desempenho de salto, potência relativa e marcadores bioquímicos de lesão muscular de ambos os grupos. Quanto a ingestão alimentar, foi observado um aumento no consumo de proteínas e gorduras. Concluiu-se que a suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato foi capaz de atenuar a percepção de dor em atletas de voleibol após protocolo de indução de lesão. / Among the ergogenic effects raised by the literature of creatine are, increased muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, buffering effect and reduction of muscle injury caused by physical exercise. Since creatine supplementation may attenuate exercise-induced damage and directly influence the predominant volleyball ATP-CP system, the present study proposed the use of carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation for seven days, concomitant with the performance of one muscle damage induction protocol to investigate the ability of creatine to maintain muscle cell integrity through muscle injury markers and to assess their influence on the physical performance test. A double-blind, randomized study with 14 volleyball athletes was performed with the supplementation of creatine or placebo for a period of 7 days (loading phase) and 4 days (maintenance phase). Before and after the supplementation phases, athletes underwent physical performance test and blood collection to evaluate concentrations of creatine kinase, plasma creatine and lactate dehydrogenase. After the creatine supplementation protocol an increase in plasma creatine total concentration, body weight and lower perception of pain in the creatine group was observed. No difference was found in the jump performance test, relative power and biochemical markers of muscle injury in both groups. Regarding food intake, there was observed an increase in protein and fat intake. In concluson, carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation was able to attenuate the perception of pain in volleyball athletes after injury induction protocol.