This study determined if insulin resistance (IR), induced by an acute bout of eccentrically-biased contractions that resulted in muscle injury, was attenuated following a repeated bout of contractions. Female subjects (n = 10, age 24.7 ± 3.0 yr, weight 64.9 ± 7.4 kg, height 1.67 ± 0.02 m, body fat 29.1 ± 1.9 %) performed two 30 minute bouts of downhill treadmill running (DTR 1 and DTR 2, -12 % grade, 8.0 mph) separated by 14 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were administered at baseline and 48 hours following DTR 1 and DTR 2, with IR assessed by calculation of insulin and glucose areas under the curve (AUC). Maximum isometric quadriceps strength (MVC), muscle soreness (SOR), and serum creatine kinase (CK) were assessed pre-, immediately post-, and 48 hours post-DTR 1 and DTR 2 to determine the presence of muscle injury. Compared to baseline OGTT, insulin and glucose AUC (37.6 ± 8.4 and 21.4 ± 4.7 % increase, respectively), and peak insulin (44.1 ± 5.1 vs. 31.6 ± 4.0 uU·mL-1) and glucose (6.5 ± 0.4 vs. 5.5 ± 0.4 mmol·L-1) were elevated following DTR 1. These same insulin and glucose measures showed no increase above baseline 48 hours following DTR 2 (p > 0.05). MVC was reduced to a greater degree immediately following DTR 1 (16.7 ± 2.6 vs. 8.6 ± 1.2 % decline) and, although demonstrating a significant degree of recovery, remained reduced by 9.4 ± 2.7 % 48 hours following exercise. In contrast, MVC made a full recovery back to baseline values 48 hours after DTR 2. SOR was elevated to a greater degree 48 hours following DTR 1 than after DTR 2 (48.08 ± 6.16 vs. 12.70 ± 3.24 mm). There was a tendency for an attenuated serum CK response 48 hours following DTR 2 (812.8 ± 365.1 vs. 162.5 ± 42.5 U·L-1, p = 0.08). In conclusion, a novel bout of eccentrically-biased contractions resulting in a moderate degree of muscle injury confers a protective effect, whereby a subsequent bout of contractions 14 days later results in complete elimination of the IR observed following the initial bout.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAG Faculty of Physical Educational and Sport Department of Physiotherapy THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLES IN RELATION TO THE RISK FACTORS OF HAMSTRING INJURY AT SOCCER PLAYERS Dissertation thesis Supervisor: Author: Doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. Mgr. Iva Hnátová Consultant: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. November 2012 SUMMARY Titel: The influence of the training program on muscle activity of lower limb muscles in relation to the risk factors of hamstring injury at soccer players. Objective: Hamstring strain is a serious injury and requires long-term treatment. Hamstring strain has a high risk of recurence. As a result of this injury is long-term lost of competition and training. Prevention is necessary because of this. The mechanism and etiology of this type of injury is still uncertain and still under discussion. Multifactorial etiology is commonly discussed. In our opinion, the best solution is the training program, which is made on the basis of cooperation the physiotherapists and coaches. The goal of this training program should be primary prevention of injury or reintegration of injured athlete in the training program or the prevention of reccurenc of injury. As the result of this cooperation should be training program with all aspects of...

Estiramento muscular e outras desordens músculo esqueléticas são as principais causas de afastamento do trabalho e estão entre as lesões mais comuns que desabilitam os atletas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de investigar os efeitos da Terapia Laser de Baixa Intensidade (infravermelha, 810nm) no estiramento do músculo esquelético induzido em ratos. Métodos: Ratos wistar machos foram anestesiados para a indução do estiramento muscular. O animal foi posicionado, em decúbito dorsal, sobre cortiça acoplada ao sistema de alongamento. O membro posterior direito foi firmemente preso com linha, que passa por uma roldana e se prende a um peso correspondente a 150% do peso corporal do animal. Esta linha foi fixada sobre o dorso da pata do animal, realizando uma flexão plantar, alongando o músculo tibial anterior da pata posterior direita do animal. O protocolo foi realizado uma única vez sendo que o animal recebeu a tração durante 20 minutos, descansou por 3 minutos e recebeu mais uma tração durante 20 minutos Os grupos tratados receberam a irradiação do Laser no local da indução, 1 horas após a lesão, para analisar o índice funcional, estudo eletrofisiológico, a proteína C reativa, o extravasamento plasmático, expressão gênica por real time RT-PCR e protéica por Western-Blott de COX-1 e COX-2, TNF-, IL 1, IL 6, IL 10 e histologia. Resultados e Discussão: A utilização da Terapia Laser de Baixa potência reduziu a inflamação e o dano muscular após o estiramento experimental, conduzindo a uma melhora significativa da atividade de caminhar. / Muscle strains and other musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of work absenteeism and are among the most common and often disabling injuries in athletes. The main objetive of this study was to investigate the effects of low level laser therapy (infrared, 810nm) on controlled muscle strain in rats. Method: Male wistar rats were anesthetized for controlled muscle strain induction. After one hour the rats were treated with low level laser therapy to analize the functional index, eletrofisiologic study, reactive c protein, plasmatic extravasation, real time RT-PCR gene expression and western blott analisis of COX-1, COX-2, TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and histology. Results and Discussion: After experimental induction of muscle strech, Low Level Laser Therapy was effective reducing inflammation and muscle damage, conducting a better walking activity.

O tecido muscular esquelético é dentre os tecidos do organismo um dos principais afetados em decorrência do uso abusivo do álcool. Neste trabalho nosso objetivo foi o de quantificar os efeitos do alcoolismo crônico experimental sobre a musculatura esqueléticas de ratos submetidos ou não a atividade física padronizada, bem como avaliar a regeneração muscular após mecanismos de lesão muscular aguda, no músculo gastrocnêmio, através de trauma direto não-invasivo associado posteriormente ao tratamento de 3 dias com ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade (USP). Para tanto, foi utilizado 20 ratos wistar divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: grupo I alcoólatra sedentário lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP, grupo II controle sedentário lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP, grupo III alcoólatra treinado lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP e grupo IV controle treinado lesado por impacto e estimulado com USP. Após o período estabelecido, os animais foram sacrificados. O gastrocnêmio e o sóleo direito foram coletados para quantificar a histomorfometria e o gastrocnêmio esquerdo foi retirado para análise histológica da regeneração muscular. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a recuperação das fibras musculares dos ratos alcoólatras avaliados histopatologicamente, apresentam sinais de lesões mais acentuadas que as fibras dos ratos controle submetidos às mesmas condições. E que nosso esquema de alcoolismo crônico não foi efetivo na indução da miopatia alcoólica crônica. / The skeletal muscle tissue is among the organism tissues one of the most affected by the abuse alcohol. The aim of this study was quantify the effects of chronic alcoholism on skeletal muscle of rats submitted or not to exercise training model, as well evaluate the muscle regeneration after mechanism of acute muscular injury, in the gastrocnemius muscle, through a direct non-invasive trauma subsequently associated with a treatment of 3 days with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (USP). For that, it was used twenty male wistar rats were allocated into 4 experimental groups: group I alcoholic without practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP, group II control without practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP, group III alcoholic with practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP and group IV control with practice exercise training affected by an impact and stimulated with USP. All groups suffered muscular injury and stimulation with USP. After this period, the animals were killed. The right gastrocnemius and soleus were collected for detail quantitative histomorphometry and the left gastrocnemius muscle was removed for histology analysis of muscle regeneration. Ours results suggest that fiber muscle recuperation of the alcoholic rats evaluated histopathology, show deeper damaged signs that control rat\'s fibers in the same condition. And ours diagram of chronic alcolism was not effective in the induce chronic alcoholic myopathy.

A espectroscopia de fluorescência é um método convencionalmente empregado no estudo de materiais para a determinação de compostos em função de bandas de emissão características. O mesmo princípio pode ser utilizado para a determinação da presença de agentes fluorescentes em tecidos biológicos, que podem ser úteis no diagnóstico e direcionamento no tratamento de lesões teciduais. Das lesões teciduais as lesões por ultravioleta e as lesões musculares merecem atenção especial devido à freqüência com que ocorrem. As lesões por ultravioleta podem induzir o câncer de pele, que hoje representa o câncer de maior incidência no Brasil e as lesões músculo esqueléticas são as mais freqüentes quando comparadas há outras patologias que acometem o homem, motivo este do estudo destas lesões. No entanto, apesar da espectroscopia de fluorescência se mostrar eficiente para a detecção de lesões superficiais, dúvidas permanecem a respeito da sensibilidade da técnica para lesões intersticiais (que ocorrem em profundidade), visando este estudo avaliar a eficiência e a sensibilidade da técnica na diferenciação entre o tecido normal e o tecido lesado para o diagnóstico destas lesões. O sistema empregado para efetuarmos o diagnóstico, utiliza uma fonte laser de excitação em 442 nm (Helio-Cádmio), ponta de detecção com uma fibra central e seis periféricas para coleta da luz re-emitida pelo tecido, um monocromador e um computador. Para o trabalho foram utilizados ratos machos da raça Wistar com peso aproximado de 300 g, lesados utilizando uma lâmpada de ultravioleta e traumatizados utilizando um equipamento de trauma direto não invasivo. Os resultados foram obtidos através de análises comparativas entre os espectros do tecido normal e tecidos lesados. / The fluorescence spectroscopy is a conventionally used method, in the study of materials for the compound determination in function to the characteristic emission bands. The same principle can be used to determine the presence of fluorescent agents in biological tissues, which can be useful in the diagnosis, and for a better direction in the treatment of tissue injuries. From the tissue injuries, the injuries by ultraviolet and muscle injuries, they deserve a special attention due to their frequent occurrence. The injuries by ultraviolet can induce skin cancer, which nowadays represents the highest incidence in Brazil and the muscle injuries are the most common, when compared to the other pathologies that affect human beings, that is why these two kinds of injuries will be studied in this paper. Although, thus, the fluorescence spectroscopy has shown to be efficient in the detection of superficial injuries, doubts remain about the technique sensitivity for interstitial injuries (which happen deeply), this study aims to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of the technique in the differentiation between normal tissue and injured tissue, for the diagnosis of these injuries. The system used to get the diagnosis uses a laser source of excitation in 442 nm (Helium-Cadmium), a tip of detection with a central fiber and six peripheral ones to collect the re-emitted light from the tissue, a monochromator and a computer. For the research, Wistar rats weighting about 300 g was used, which are injured using an ultraviolet lamp and traumatized, using a direct non-invasive trauma equipment. The results was be obtained through comparative analysis between the spectrums from normal tissue and injured ones.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-19T18:27:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Terezinha Aparecida de Almeida.pdf: 739598 bytes, checksum: 0b0c7aabccbc5f5868d542f6e63d53f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T18:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Terezinha Aparecida de Almeida.pdf: 739598 bytes, checksum: 0b0c7aabccbc5f5868d542f6e63d53f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Interactions between the muscle and macrophages which invade it after an injury occurs are crucial to the evolution of repair in this tissue. On the other hand, low intensity laser (LLLT) has long been used in the treatment of such lesions, both in clinical and experimental settings; however, little is known about its effects on macrophages. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of irradiation with red and infrared laser on the activation state of M1 and M2a phenotypes of macrophages. For this purpose, J774 macrophage cultures were treated with polarizing agents (LPS and IFN-y or IL-4) for 24 hours and were then irradiated with 2 wavelengths of LLLT – 780 nm and 660 nm – in the same dosimetric parameters (70mW; 17.5J/cm2; 0.8J). After 24 hours of incubation, the activation state was checked by MTT technique. In each experimental situation, non-irradiated cells served as controls, and three independent experiments were performed. Laser irradiation with 780 nm proved able to decrease the activation of macrophages polarized for M1 phenotype and increase activation of M2a profile macrophages. Laser irradiation with 660 nm slightly intensified the state and activation of M1 macrophages, while significantly increasing the activation state of M2a profile macrophages. Although it is not possible to establish a relationship between the results of in vitro studies and future clinical outcomes, and the effects of laser irradiation on other macrophage phenotypes still need to be assessed, data from this study suggest that red and infrared laser could have different results when used in the different stages of muscle repair. / As interações entre o músculo e os macrófagos que o invadem após a ocorrência da lesão são determinantes para a evolução do reparo deste tecido. Por outro lado, o laser em baixa intensidade (LBI) tem sido muito utilizado no tratamento destas lesões no âmbito clínico e no experimental, mas pouco se conhece a respeito dos seus efeitos sobre os macrófagos. O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar o efeito da irradiação com laser vermelho e infravermelho sobre o estado de ativação de macrófagos de fenótipo M1 e M2a. Para tanto, culturas de macrófagos J774 foram tratadas com agentes polarizadores (LPS e IFN-y ou IL-4) por 24h e então irradiadas com LBI em 2 comprimentos de onda 780nm e 660nm nos mesmos parâmetros dosimétricos (70mW; 17,5J/cm2; 0,8J). Após 24h de incubação, o estado de ativação foi verificado por meio da técnica MTT. Em cada situação experimental, células não irradiadas serviram como controle, sendo realizados três experimentos independentes. A irradiação com laser de 780 nm mostrou-se capaz de diminuir a ativação de macrófagos polarizados para fenótipo M1 e aumentar a ativação de macrófagos de perfil M2a. Já a irradiação com laser de 660 nm intensificou ligeiramente o estado e ativação dos macrófagos M1 e aumentou de maneira significante o estado de ativação de macrófagos de perfil M2a. Embora não se possa estabelecer uma relação entre resultados de estudos in vitro e desfechos clínicos futuros e ainda exista necessidade de avaliar os efeitos da irradiação laser nos outros fenótipos de macrófagos, os dados do presente estudo sugerem que os lasers vermelho e infravermelho pode trazer resultados diferentes quando utilizados nas diferentes fases do reparo muscular.

Entre os efeitos ergogênicos levantados pela literatura da creatina estão, aumento de massa muscular, capacidade antioxidante, efeito de tamponamento e redução da lesão muscular ocasionada por exercícios físicos. Visto que a suplementação de creatina pode atenuar danos induzidos pelo exercício físico e influenciar diretamente o sistema ATP-CP, predominante da modalidade de voleibol, o presente estudo propôs o uso da suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato durante sete dias, concomitante à realização de um protocolo de indução de dano muscular a fim de investigar a capacidade de manter a integridade da célula muscular por meio de marcadores de lesão muscular e avaliar sua influência no teste de desempenho físico. Foi realizado um estudo duplo cego, randomizado com 14 atletas de voleibol, no qual foi suplementado creatina ou placebo por um período de 7 dias (fase de carga) e 4 dias (fase de manutenção). Antes e após as fases de suplementação os atletas foram submetidos ao teste de desempenho físico e a coleta de sangue para avaliar concentrações de creatina quinase, creatina plasmática e lactato desidrogenase. Após a realização do protocolo de suplementação de creatina foi observado um aumento na concentração total de creatina plasmática, peso corporal e menor percepção de dor no grupo suplementado com creatina. Não foi encontrada diferença no desempenho de salto, potência relativa e marcadores bioquímicos de lesão muscular de ambos os grupos. Quanto a ingestão alimentar, foi observado um aumento no consumo de proteínas e gorduras. Concluiu-se que a suplementação de creatina associada ao carboidrato foi capaz de atenuar a percepção de dor em atletas de voleibol após protocolo de indução de lesão. / Among the ergogenic effects raised by the literature of creatine are, increased muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, buffering effect and reduction of muscle injury caused by physical exercise. Since creatine supplementation may attenuate exercise-induced damage and directly influence the predominant volleyball ATP-CP system, the present study proposed the use of carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation for seven days, concomitant with the performance of one muscle damage induction protocol to investigate the ability of creatine to maintain muscle cell integrity through muscle injury markers and to assess their influence on the physical performance test. A double-blind, randomized study with 14 volleyball athletes was performed with the supplementation of creatine or placebo for a period of 7 days (loading phase) and 4 days (maintenance phase). Before and after the supplementation phases, athletes underwent physical performance test and blood collection to evaluate concentrations of creatine kinase, plasma creatine and lactate dehydrogenase. After the creatine supplementation protocol an increase in plasma creatine total concentration, body weight and lower perception of pain in the creatine group was observed. No difference was found in the jump performance test, relative power and biochemical markers of muscle injury in both groups. Regarding food intake, there was observed an increase in protein and fat intake. In concluson, carbohydrate-associated creatine supplementation was able to attenuate the perception of pain in volleyball athletes after injury induction protocol.

Introduktion: Det Muskuloskeletala systemet består av skelettmuskulatur, nervsystem och skelett. Systemet bidrar till att kroppen kan röra sig. Muskelskador kan uppkomma genom direktvåld mot muskeln eller kraftig uttöjning och skadan bidrar till smärta och svullnad. Vanliga behandlingsmetoder på muskelskada är NSAID och andra fysioterapeutiska interventioner. Low- level laser therapy (LLLT) har senaste tiden fått ökad acceptans och blivit mer intressant. LLLT används med varierad dosering för att stimulera cellfunktion, minska smärta och påskynda läkningsprocessen. Tidigare studier visar varierat resultat av LLLT på muskelskador, därför vill vi undersöka den beprövade erfarenheten, eftersom det inte undersöks vetenskapligt utan finns bland klinikerna. När LLLT utförs med den mest gynnsamma dosen har behandlingen en pålitlig och biologisk verkan på muskelvävnad. Vi vill se om fysioterapeuters upplevelse av LLLT speglar tidigare forskning. Syftet: med studien är att undersöka fysioterapeuters subjektiva upplevelse och erfarenhet av low-level laser therapy (LLLT) som behandlingsmetod vid muskelskada. Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med en online enkät. 30 Leg. Fysioterapeuter med mer än 1 års erfarenhet av LLLT deltog. Fysioterapeuterna rekryterades via 2 portaler och mejlutskick. Resultat: Majoriteten av fysioterapeuterna anser att LLLT är en adekvat behandlingsmetod på muskelskada och patienter upplevs nöjda. Fysioterapeuterna hade varierade upplevelser med en antydan till samband mellan upplevd effekt och dosering (J) på muskelskada som kunde noteras. Konklusion: Enligt de deltagande fysioterapeuterna har LLLT effekt på muskelskada och anses vara en adekvat behandlingsmetod. Det finns en antydan till ett visst samband mellan hänsynstagandet till dos och effekten.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAG Faculty of Physical Educational and Sport Department of Physiotherapy THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLES IN RELATION TO THE RISK FACTORS OF HAMSTRING INJURY AT SOCCER PLAYERS Dissertation thesis Supervisor: Author: Doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. Mgr. Iva Hnátová Consultant: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. November 2012 SUMMARY Titel: The influence of the training program on muscle activity of lower limb muscles in relation to the risk factors of hamstring injury at soccer players. Objective: Hamstring strain is a serious injury and requires long-term treatment. Hamstring strain has a high risk of recurence. As a result of this injury is long-term lost of competition and training. Prevention is necessary because of this. The mechanism and etiology of this type of injury is still uncertain and still under discussion. Multifactorial etiology is commonly discussed. In our opinion, the best solution is the training program, which is made on the basis of cooperation the physiotherapists and coaches. The goal of this training program should be primary prevention of injury or reintegration of injured athlete in the training program or the prevention of reccurenc of injury. As the result of this cooperation should be training program with all aspects of...

Yes / Objectives: To assess the test-retest variability of both diffusion parameters and fat fraction (FF) estimates in normal muscle, and to assess differences in normal values between muscles in the thigh. Methods: 29 healthy volunteers (mean age 37 years, range 20-60 years, 17/29 males) completed the study. Magnetic resonance images of the mid-thigh were acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode-echoplanar imaging (STEAM-EPI) imaging sequence, to assess diffusion, and 2-point Dixon imaging, to assess FF. Imaging was repeated in 19 participants after a 30 min interval in order to assess test-retest variability of the measurements. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest variability were 0.99 [95% confidence interval, (CI): 0.98, 1] for FF, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) for mean diffusivity and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.96) for fractional anisotropy (FA). FF was higher in the hamstrings than the quadriceps by a mean difference of 1.81% (95% CI:1.63, 2.00)%, p < 0.001. Mean diffusivity was significantly lower in the hamstrings than the quadriceps (0.26 (0.13, 0.39) x10-3 mm2s-1, p < 0.001) whereas fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in the hamstrings relative to the quadriceps with a mean difference of 0.063 (0.05, 0.07), p < 0.001. Conclusions: This study has shown excellent test-retest, variability in MR-based FF and diffusion measurements and demonstrated significant differences in these measures between hamstrings and quadriceps in the healthy thigh. Advances in knowledge: Test-retest variability is excellent for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. Inter- and intraobserver variability were excellent for region of interest placement for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. There are significant differences in FF and diffusion measurements between the hamstrings and quadriceps in the normal muscle. / ICA-CL-2016-02-017/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom; NIHR