The Kano method1 was used in order to determine the benchmark requirements of an educational web portal. A comprehensive list of possible specifications for an educational portal was constructed by examining the characteristics of educational portals globally. This information was used to develop a questionnaire in accordance with the Kano method. A number of hand-picked expert users were asked to answer the questionnaire. The results obtained from these questionnaires were used to categorize the importance of each component of a web portal as a “one-dimensional”2 , “must-be”3 or “attractive”4 requirement. The components categorized as “must-be” requirements were used to generate the benchmark of the minimum specifications of an educational web portal. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

The application of PCG to generate puzzles offers great value since their replayability is severely limited, requiring any game that employs them to produce many different puzzles. In this paper we propose a modified version of the progressive content generation approach to function as a mixed-initiative system, to create puzzles for the novel partially physics-based game \textit{Everyone Must Die}. Thus exploring the adaptability and usefulness of the progressive content generation approach for a unique type of puzzle game. Further the mixed-initiative system is explored in relation to how effectively it can generate puzzles with a specified difficulty, an issue many papers exploring puzzle generation neglect. This is explored by implementing and incorporating a PCG system by extending an existing puzzle editor featured in the game. The analysis is conducted with the help of a user study on the developers of the game by testing qualitative experiences with the system. The promising results are then discussed and concluded with suggestions for future work and improvements to the described system and its used approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Alberti.pdf: 1827845 bytes, checksum: 8ee3e0ad879835006b462340157e2ddc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In yeast growth during the alcoholic fermentation, the nitrogen compounds and the oxygen content are the main limiting elements. Nitrogen and oxygen absence can lead to sluggish or stuck fermentations. In order to prevent these technological problems, in the Brazilian apple wine processing the nitrogen compounds addition is common practice, without knowing its content in the apple must. In this operation, occurs must agitation with two purposes, homogenization and oxygen dissolution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and oxygen in the elaboration of apple wine in Brazilian processing conditions. The nitrogen content and dissolved oxygen in apple must of different varieties, harvests and regions were analyzed. The effect of the unit operations and enzymatic browning inhibitors in the oxygen dissolution in apple must was evaluated. The total nitrogen content was determined by method of Kjedahl and oxygen by dissolved oxygen meter. The total nitrogen content of 51 apple must samples was analyzed, and 98 % had values above 75 mg/L, which are enough for a complete fermentation. The maximum yeast population, as well as the fermentation rate, is proportional to nitrogen content in apple musts. In the apple must processing, the highest dissolution occurs during the pressing, around of 7.3 ± 0.5 mgO2/L. But the phenolic oxidation reaction is responsible for oxygen consumption (above 90 %). The unit operations of depectinization, racking and filtration increase the oxygen content in the apple must, around of 3.0 ± 0.8 mgO2/L. The addition of sulphur dioxide, in the milled apple, inhibits the oxidation and apple must keep higher oxygen content after filtration. The maceration possibility a smaller reduction (57 %, on average) in dissolved oxygen uptake in the must by the enzymatic browning reaction due to the previous oxidation of phenolic substrate. The final oxygen content of the normal apple must processing, without addition of sulphur dioxide or maceration, was 3.0 mg/L, enough for the yeast development. The forced oxygen addition in apple must can be harmful for the fermentative activity of the yeast, possibly due to the nutrients oxidation. Therefore, nitrogen compounds and oxygen additions before the fermentation are not necessary in used conditions. / No crescimento de leveduras durante a fermentação alcoólica os compostos nitrogenados e o oxigênio são os principais elementos limitantes, ou seja, sua ausência pode levar a fermentações lentas, ou paradas de fermentação. A fim de evitar estes problemas tecnológicos, no processamento brasileiro de fermentado de maçã é comum a adição de compostos nitrogenados, mesmo sem conhecer seu teor no mosto. Nesta operação, ocorre agitação do mosto para promover sua homogeneização e incorporação de oxigênio. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do nitrogênio e do oxigênio na elaboração de fermentados de maçã nas condições de processamento brasileiras. Os teores de nitrogênio e oxigênio dissolvido de mostos de maçã de diferentes cultivares, regiões e safras, foram analisados. Foi avaliado o efeito das operações unitárias e de inibidores de escurecimento enzimático na dissolução de oxigênio no mosto. O nitrogênio total foi determinado pelo método de Kjedahl e o oxigênio dissolvido por oxímetro. O teor de nitrogênio de 51 amostras de mosto de maçã foram analisados, e destes, 98 % apresentaram valores acima de 75 mg/L, concentração suficiente para que a fermentação transcorra sem interrupções. A população máxima de levedura, bem como a velocidade de fermentação, são proporcionais aos teores de nitrogênio presentes nos mostos. No processamento, a maior dissolução de oxigênio no mosto de maçã ocorre durante a prensagem, 7,3 ± 0,5 mgO2/L, em média. Mas a reação de oxidação dos compostos fenólicos é responsável por um consumo de mais de 90 % deste oxigênio. As operações seguintes de despectinização, trasfega e filtração aumentam o teor de oxigênio no mosto, que fica com média de 3,0 ± 0,8 mgO2/L. A adição de dióxido de enxofre à maçã triturada, inibe a oxidação e consequentemente o mosto apresenta maior teor ao final do processo. A operação de maceração possibilitou uma menor redução (57 %, em média) do consumo de oxigênio dissolvido no mosto pela reação de escurecimento enzimático, possivelmente devido a oxidação prévia dos substratos fenólicos. O teor final de oxigênio resultante do processamento normal do mosto, sem adição de dióxido de enxofre ou maceração, 3,0 mg/L, foi suficiente para o desenvolvimento das leveduras. A adição forçada de oxigênio no mosto pode ser prejudicial para a atividade fermentativa das leveduras, possivelmente devido a oxidação de nutrientes. Desta forma, a adição de compostos nitrogenados e oxigênio, antes da fermentação, não é necessária nas condições de processamento utilizadas.

Estreia, na Constituição Federal de 1988, de forma expressa, a incidência dos princípios da ampla defesa e do due process no processo administrativo, consagrando, pois, a presença efetiva do modelo Estado de Direito a emoldurar e balizar a atividade desenvolvida pelo Poder Público. Considerando, destarte, que o Estado atua não apenas por intermédio de atos administrativos isolados, mas também por via de processos, cada dia mais complexos, demandando um particular debruçar por parte dos analistas, pareceu-nos oportuno o estudo da incidência da teoria das nulidades em sede de processos administrativos. A perspectiva deste estudo, sem abandonar a teoria da invalidez dos atos administrativos, busca o aprofundamento no domínio da ocorrência de fatores que possam conduzir à nulidade e invalidade do processo administrativo tanto geral, como disciplinar perquirindo as condições necessárias para assegurar aos processos trâmites regulares, afastando os vícios e mantendo-os sempre no campo da legalidade. A perspectiva do trabalho, destarte, busca recolocar tema tão polêmico em debate e, sob a lente da investigação científica, apresentar, de modo sistematizado, as doutrinas, as teses desenvolvidas e a jurisprudência construída de modo a assegurar a evolução do tratamento jurídico oferecido ao processo administrativo para o efetivo atingimento de suas finalidades públicas. Ao administrado, de outro lado, a pesquisa se revela de interesse, porquanto põe à luz, evidenciando, os princípios pelos quais a Administração deve se pautar para que determinado ato seja válido e eficaz. Cuida-se de preservar a supremacia do interesse público, em prol dos objetivos fundamentais do standard do Estado Democrático de Direito, dentre eles, uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária / For the first time, the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution expressly provides for the application of the principles of fair hearing and due process of law to administrative procedures, thereby enshrining the tangible presence of the rule of law approach, whose purpose is to frame and limit the activities performed by the Government. Therefore, considering that the Government does not operate only through isolated administrative acts, but also through increasingly complex processes that require particular examination by analysts, it seems fitting to study the application of the theory of nullities in administrative procedures. Although it does not depart from the theory of invalidity of administrative acts, the focus of this study is to inquire into facts that may result in the nullity and invalidity of administrative procedures both of a general and disciplinary nature and establish the necessary conditions to ensure the regular course of procedure, thereby avoiding errors and preserving its legal integrity. Thus, this paper aims to rekindle the discussion on this controversial subject and, based on a scientific analysis, presents a systematized portrayal of the relevant doctrines, theses and case law that were produced with a view to the development of the legal framework that underpins administrative procedure and the fulfillment of its public mission. On the other hand, this research is of interest also to private individuals, as it brings to light the principles the Public Administration must observe for any given act to be considered valid and effective. Particular care is taken to preserve the paramount importance of public interest as a fundamental objective that determines the standards of a state founded on the rule of law, including a free, equal and fair society.

Estreia, na Constituição Federal de 1988, de forma expressa, a incidência dos princípios da ampla defesa e do due process no processo administrativo, consagrando, pois, a presença efetiva do modelo Estado de Direito a emoldurar e balizar a atividade desenvolvida pelo Poder Público. Considerando, destarte, que o Estado atua não apenas por intermédio de atos administrativos isolados, mas também por via de processos, cada dia mais complexos, demandando um particular debruçar por parte dos analistas, pareceu-nos oportuno o estudo da incidência da teoria das nulidades em sede de processos administrativos. A perspectiva deste estudo, sem abandonar a teoria da invalidez dos atos administrativos, busca o aprofundamento no domínio da ocorrência de fatores que possam conduzir à nulidade e invalidade do processo administrativo tanto geral, como disciplinar perquirindo as condições necessárias para assegurar aos processos trâmites regulares, afastando os vícios e mantendo-os sempre no campo da legalidade. A perspectiva do trabalho, destarte, busca recolocar tema tão polêmico em debate e, sob a lente da investigação científica, apresentar, de modo sistematizado, as doutrinas, as teses desenvolvidas e a jurisprudência construída de modo a assegurar a evolução do tratamento jurídico oferecido ao processo administrativo para o efetivo atingimento de suas finalidades públicas. Ao administrado, de outro lado, a pesquisa se revela de interesse, porquanto põe à luz, evidenciando, os princípios pelos quais a Administração deve se pautar para que determinado ato seja válido e eficaz. Cuida-se de preservar a supremacia do interesse público, em prol dos objetivos fundamentais do standard do Estado Democrático de Direito, dentre eles, uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária / For the first time, the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution expressly provides for the application of the principles of fair hearing and due process of law to administrative procedures, thereby enshrining the tangible presence of the rule of law approach, whose purpose is to frame and limit the activities performed by the Government. Therefore, considering that the Government does not operate only through isolated administrative acts, but also through increasingly complex processes that require particular examination by analysts, it seems fitting to study the application of the theory of nullities in administrative procedures. Although it does not depart from the theory of invalidity of administrative acts, the focus of this study is to inquire into facts that may result in the nullity and invalidity of administrative procedures both of a general and disciplinary nature and establish the necessary conditions to ensure the regular course of procedure, thereby avoiding errors and preserving its legal integrity. Thus, this paper aims to rekindle the discussion on this controversial subject and, based on a scientific analysis, presents a systematized portrayal of the relevant doctrines, theses and case law that were produced with a view to the development of the legal framework that underpins administrative procedure and the fulfillment of its public mission. On the other hand, this research is of interest also to private individuals, as it brings to light the principles the Public Administration must observe for any given act to be considered valid and effective. Particular care is taken to preserve the paramount importance of public interest as a fundamental objective that determines the standards of a state founded on the rule of law, including a free, equal and fair society.

In this work the model ASAM is enriched with new eddy viscosity based dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale models. Therefore the model is more physically based to study atmospheric flow configurations at several atmospheric scales with main focus to urban scale flow with building-resolved resolution. The implemented dynamic procedures work well and showed good agreement to literature data. In a convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) the dynamic Smagorinsky coefficient reaches maximum values of 0.15 and decreases towards the surface or in stable stratified flow regimes. Vertical profiles of the Smagorinsky coefficient in a diurnal cycle of ABL depict typical behaviour of the dynamic Smagorinsky coefficient in near surface flow, free-stream, or stable stratified flow. Furthermore a modified inflow generation approach is proposed to produce fully turbulent flow fields. To modify a mean flow turbulent fluctuations are generated by superposition of sinusoidal and cosinesoidal modes. Due to the implementation of this inflow method the model ASAM has the ability to reproduce a given wind field with information from its mean wind speed and their fluctuation energy spectrum. The model configuration developed in this work is able to reproduce flow structure in a complex urban geometry. The Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) experiment represent an urban roughness geometry by placing 120 shipping containers ordinary arranged in an array. The used building-resolved resolution is able to capture dynamic flow structures like specific wake flow, recirculation regions or eddy detachment. The dynamic fluctuating behaviour of the wind velocity components is reproduced by the model with regard to peak magnitudes and their temporal occurrence. Satisfying agreement is found between tracer gas dispersion field measurements and the model results by capturing the fluctuating concentration magnitude and in some extend the mean values.:1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of Large-Eddy Simulation in atmospheric boundary layers 7 2.1 The atmospheric boundary layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Atmospheric turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Basic equations of LES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Subgrid-scale modelling 15 3.1 Eddy viscosity subgrid-scale models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1.1 Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.1.2 Dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.1.3 Scale-dependent dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model . . 23 3.2 Implementation in the All Scale Atmospheric Model (ASAM) . . . . . 26 3.2.1 General description of ASAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.2.2 Subgrid-scale modelling in ASAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.3 Applications to meteorological situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.3.1 Stable and unstable stratified atmospheric boundary layers . . 37 3.3.2 Flow over periodic sinusoidal hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4 Generation of turbulent inflow conditions 51 4.1 The necessity of turbulent inflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.2 Synthetic turbulent inflow generation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.3 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.4 2D simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5 Mock Urban Setting Test Experiment (MUST) 65 5.1 Micro-scale urban simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.2 Description of the experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5.3 Wind tunnel measurenments of MUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.4 Numerical MUST simulation with ASAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.4.1 Choice of initial condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.4.2 Results of simulating case 2682353 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.4.3 Results of simulating case 2681829 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4.4 Case resume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 6 Summary and outlook 111 6.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6.2 Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 7 Bibliography 117 List of Figures 127 List of Tables 135 Acronyms 137 Nomenclature 139 Acknowledgement 143 List of Publications 145

La thèse aborde le droit européen de la télévision sous deux aspects : les régimes administratifs d’accès des émissions télévisées aux réseaux câblés et les droits intellectuels. En ce qui concerne l’accès des émissions aux réseaux câblés, la thèse met en avant le besoin de sauvegarder un service public de l’audiovisuel. Celui-ci est défini comme un ensemble des règles qui visent à la fois le paysage audiovisuel propre à chaque Etat membre (par exemple pluralisme) et le contenu des émissions proprement dit (émissions informatives, éducatives, épanouissement culturel etc.). Le droit communautaire primaire et dérivé, tel qu’interprété par la Cour de justice, fournit les moyens de conciliation entre, d’une part les intérêts généraux et, d’autre part, les exigences découlant de la libre prestation de services et de la libre concurrence. En ce qui concerne l’application des droits intellectuels, la thèse aborde la problématique liée à l’épuisement ou la subsistance de ceux-ci. Dans le cas de la câblodistribution, la Cour a affirmé la subsistance du droit. Cette position est corroboré par la nouvelle directive européenne sur le droit d’auteur et les droits voisins dans la société de l’information. La thèse appuie la position de subsistance en considérant qu’elle constitue une condition essentielle pour la juste récompense des auteurs. Enfin, la thèse aborde les questions plus spécifiques qui naissent à propos de la convergence technologique et juridique. Tout d’abord, il est avancé que le service public de l’audiovisuel n’est pas uniquement lié à des contraintes techniques, mais essentiellement à des objectifs qualitatifs (contenu des émissions). Ainsi, la thèse plaide en faveur de la pérpetuité du service public de l’audiovisuel dans l’ère du numérique. Par ailleurs, des questions plus spécifiques (comme l’accès à la boucle locale, l’interconnexion des réseaux et la numérisation des infrastructures) ont été examinées.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soares_e_dr_fran.pdf: 1344580 bytes, checksum: 4de89bc165d87c6424e3961c8f11c96d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo propôs-se a compreender e interpretar as percepções e significados das experiências vividas por jovens e adultos alfabetizandos. Com esta pesquisa, queremos possibilitar aos profissionais que trabalham com Educação Popular, entre outros, os Assistentes Sociais, para que possam recolocar em suas práticas novos ou renovados paradigmas, enfoques e perspectivas na abordagem dos processos de socialização implicados em trabalhos populares, particularmente no que se refere à Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O Brasil ainda é um dos países mais atrasados em matéria de educação, ostentando a cifra vergonhosa de cerca de 15% de analfabetos entre a população adulta acima de 15 anos, onde o analfabeto não convive com a civilização e não progride no trabalho nem evolui socialmente. Com o objetivo de compreender e interpretar a dialogicidade freireana na educação de jovens e adultos, buscamos na fenomenologia hermenêutica um modo de pesquisa que atendesse à especificidade do tema. Foram ouvidos na primeira entrevista vinte discursos de alfabetizandos proferidos na inscrição do Curso e, na segunda entrevista, dezenove discursos no término do Curso, a partir da questão orientadora: o que significa ser alfabetizado? Esses discursos, uma vez submetidos à análise fenomenológica, desvelaram as seguintes categorias: primeira entrevista – “vivenciar situações de exclusão”, “aprender a ler e escrever a partir da realidade vivida”, “superar as atuais condições de vida”; segunda entrevista – “participar no processo de construção do conhecimento”, “ser reconhecido como sujeito e não como objeto de uma prática social”, “tomar consciência da realidade e de suas possibilidades”. Em seguida, enfocamos cada dimensão da relação realidade-homem-sociedade, percorrendo um caminho fenomenológico-hermenêutico... / The present study was aimed at understanding and interpreting the perceptions and meanings of the experiences lived by youngsters and adults in the process of learning how to read and write. With this study we wish to enable the professionals who work with Popular Education, among others the Social Workers, to reinsert new or renewed paradigms, focuses and perspectives in the approach of the socialization processes implied in popular work, especially in what concerns the Education of Youngsters and Adults. Brazil is still one of the most backward countries in matter of education, boasting the shameful figure of about 15% of illiterates among the adult population over 15, where the illiterate does not live along the civilization and cannot progress at work or evolve socially. Aimed at understanding and interpreting Paulo Freire’s dialogic in the education of youngsters and adults, we sought in the hermeneutical phenomenology a research design which fulfilled the specificity of our subject. In the first interview, twenty accounts of students learning how to read and write delivered at the registration in the Course were listened to and, in the second interview, nineteen accounts made at the end of the course triggered by the leading question: what is it to be literate? These accounts, once submitted to phenomenological analysis, yielded the following categories: first interview – “experiencing exclusion situations”, “learning how to read and write from the reality experienced”, “overcoming the current life conditions”; second interview – “participating in the knowledge building process”, “being recognized as a subject and not an object of a social practice”, “becoming aware of the reality and its possibilities”. Afterwards, we approached each dimension of the reality-man-society relation along a phenomenological-hermeneutical...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

La thèse aborde le droit européen de la télévision sous deux aspects :les régimes administratifs d’accès des émissions télévisées aux réseaux câblés et les droits intellectuels. <p><p>En ce qui concerne l’accès des émissions aux réseaux câblés, la thèse met en avant le besoin de sauvegarder un service public de l’audiovisuel. Celui-ci est défini comme un ensemble des règles qui visent à la fois le paysage audiovisuel propre à chaque Etat membre (par exemple pluralisme) et le contenu des émissions proprement dit (émissions informatives, éducatives, épanouissement culturel etc.). Le droit communautaire primaire et dérivé, tel qu’interprété par la Cour de justice, fournit les moyens de conciliation entre, d’une part les intérêts généraux et, d’autre part, les exigences découlant de la libre prestation de services et de la libre concurrence. <p><p>En ce qui concerne l’application des droits intellectuels, la thèse aborde la problématique liée à l’épuisement ou la subsistance de ceux-ci. Dans le cas de la câblodistribution, la Cour a affirmé la subsistance du droit. Cette position est corroboré par la nouvelle directive européenne sur le droit d’auteur et les droits voisins dans la société de l’information. La thèse appuie la position de subsistance en considérant qu’elle constitue une condition essentielle pour la juste récompense des auteurs. <p><p>Enfin, la thèse aborde les questions plus spécifiques qui naissent à propos de la convergence technologique et juridique. Tout d’abord, il est avancé que le service public de l’audiovisuel n’est pas uniquement lié à des contraintes techniques, mais essentiellement à des objectifs qualitatifs (contenu des émissions). Ainsi, la thèse plaide en faveur de la pérpetuité du service public de l’audiovisuel dans l’ère du numérique. Par ailleurs, des questions plus spécifiques (comme l’accès à la boucle locale, l’interconnexion des réseaux et la numérisation des infrastructures) ont été examinées. <p><p> / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In my thesis, I focused on monitoring of microorganisms in the sample of red grape juice and on the interactions between yeasts, bacteria and filamentous fungi. Three different media were applied for the cultivation of microorganisms; firstly for monitoring of total volume of microorganisms, secondly for yeasts and third time for lactic acid bacteria. The indirect method was used for the determination of the amount of viable cells. This method consists in enumerating of visible macroscopic colonies grown up on agar plates. When the cells grew up, the forms of colonies were analyzed visually and the morphology of microorganisms was detected microscopically. The operating time of enzymes in grape juice in the production of red wine was monitored after application of commercial enzymatic preparation. The enzym action in grape juice was observed on the basis of the process of degradation of high – molecular substrate by enzymes through the use of Ubbelohd´s viscometer. The research findings provided a lot of knowledge about the occurance of microflora in the process of production of red wine. The commercial preparations added to grape juice played a significant role.