Aim of study. The purpose was to investigate and analyse mycotoxicological contamination of concentrated fodder during 2 years and to evaluate the use of chemical conserving CALPRONA NC. Main tasks: 1) To investigate the amounts of aflatoxin B1, zearelenone, T2 and deoxivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in fodder using imunoferment analysis and chromatography (TLC) method’s. 2) To determine minimum and maximum levels of mycotoxins in fodder and compare with the formative’s. 3) Compare levels of mycotoxins in fodder during period of two years. 4) Investigate the influence of chemical conserving CALPRONA NC mycostatical effect on the grain after the harvest. Material and methods: Conservated (CALPRONA NC) and non conservated samples were taken from experimental farm. Quantitative contamination of fungi (cfu – colony forming units) was determined using dilution method and Czapec Dox agar (Курасова, 1971). Level of mycotoxins was determined using IFA (imunoferment analyses) method with commercial set VERATOX®DON, T- 2 toxin, Zearalenone. Also the TLC method was applied using silicon gel plates (methology of Romer Lab.) Diffusion of mycotoxins in fodder during year 2003- 2004 was determined using processing of facts with “R” statistical pack. Results and discussion: 1) Probe fodder is contaminated with fungi and their toxins: DON, zearalenone, T- 2 and aflatoxin B1. 2) Highest levels of mycotoxins in concentrated fodder (mg/kg or ppm) are DON (0.095 ppm), comparing to zearalenone (ZON) and... [to full text]

Thesis (D.Tech.: Biotechnology)-Dept. of Biotechnology, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xx, 175, [14] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm / Previous studies indicate that a mutation in the non-oncogenic p53 gene is epidemiologically linked to human HCC (Ozturk, 1991; Chan et al., 2003). Hsu et al. (1991) found this link in Chinese, South African and Asian patients and Hollstein et al. (1993) found the same gene mutation in Taiwanese patients. The incidence of these aberrations is reported to be about 20- 50% in HCC’s (Kishimoto et al., 1997). There is sufficient evidence to indicate that carotenoids in addition to their well known antioxidant properties (Paiva and Russel, 1999), also affect intercellular communication, immune responses, neoplastic transformations and growth control, and cellular levels of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens (Zhang et al., 1991; Brockman et al., 1992; Pryor et al., 2000). To date studies carried out have used the rat (Foote et al., 1970; Gradelet et al., 1998) and the mule duckling model (Cheng et al., 2001) to show the protective effect of these carotenoids against AFB1 exposure. Of the well known carotenoids, lycopene and beta- carotene occur in abundance in fruits and vegetables and are safe for human consumption. Aflatoxin B1 frequently induces mutations of the p53 gene which is linked to HCC. Although there is much evidence from epidemiological studies linking the beneficial aspects of carotenoids to the prevention of cancer, the cellular and molecular mechanisms need to be understood in order to implement large scale intervention strategies to prevent AFB1 induced carcinoma. The use of chemical or dietary interventions to alter the susceptibility of humans to the actions of carcinogens and to block, retard or reverse carcinogenesis is an emerging chemoprotective strategy for disease prevention (Abdulla and Gruber, 2000; Kensler et al., 2003; Bingham and Riboli, 2004). Chemoprotection by natural products involves maintaining cellular integrity, preventing DNA alterations, activation of p53 suppressor protein and apoptosis. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which beta-carotene and lycopene may prevent the AFB1-induced toxic changes in human hepatocytes. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives were set out: i. To optimise an in vitro system for the evaluation of AFB1 damage to cultured hepatocytes. ii. To determine the biochemical protection offered by beta-carotene and lycopene to AFB1-exposed hepatocytes, by measuring the mitochondrial activity, cell viability and ROS levels using appropriate enzyme assays and flow cytometry. iii. To determine the cellular protection offered by beta-carotene and lycopene to AFB1-exposed hepatocytes, by studying the morphological changes at the structural and ultrastructural levels using phase contrast light and electron microscopy respectively. iv. To determine the molecular protection offered by beta-carotene and lycopene to AFB1-exposed hepatocytes, by detecting apoptotic bodies as genomic markers and measuring the levels of p53 protein and AFB1-N7-guanine adducts produced.

The use of the multi-mycotoxin screen based on dialysis to analyze foods and feeds for mycotoxins, is well documented. This study investigated the possibility of incorporating FB I into the screen. Maize meal (25g) was spiked with AFB I , CPA, FB1, ST and ZEA and extraction was done using acetonitrile/4% potassium chloride (90:10 v/v). The recoveriesof the mycotoxins were 77.4, 61.5, 97.4, 79.8 and 98% respectively on analysis by HPLC. Fumonisin B1 could not be completely incorporated into the screen due to its reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate, which is a component in the method. Thus, FB I was determined in a separate portion of the extract. The high cost of FBI standards which are often of inferior purity necessitated that FB I standards be locally produced in the laboratory using Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826, a good producer of FB 1 . In this study, production of FB I was carried out using a stirred jar fermenter and patty cultures. The yields were 160mg/1 and 6mg/g of FB I for the two methods respectively. Methyl esterification of tricaballylic acid moieties of FB I was done for effective clean-up. This was achieved by derivatizing FBI, with diazomethane. It was found that other functional groups besides the tricaballylic acid moieties of FB I were undesirably methylated as well, which made cleanup by this method difficult as shown by electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. Attempts to de-methylate FBI methyl esters with esterase was not successful. Analysis of human faecal samples was carried out with the view of developing a short term marker for assessing human exposure to FB I . Faeces from rural (20) and urban (23) volunteers were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that 35% of the rural samples and 9% of the urban volunteers had detectable amounts of FB I ranging from 0.600 to 19.56 mg/kg. There was a significant difference (p = 0.04)between the two population groups. A study was carried out to assess the occurrence of FBI in a rural area of Tugela valley in Kranskop magisterial district of KwaZulu Natal. A questionnaire was administered to gather information on the family health and nutrition. Raw (stored) and processed foods and faeces, were collected for analysis of FB1. A similar control study was carried out in the urban area of Durban Metro. Homes were mapped out using the GIS for easy follow up. Oesphageal cancer (OC) incidence from the local hospital and weather data for the study area were collected from South African Weather Bureau, Johannesburg. The questionnaire results showed that the common diseases were mainly of respiratory origin (24% and 26%) from both rural and urban groups respectively. Food analysis (by HPLC) showed that the number of maize samples with FB I were higher in the rural area (31.9%) in comparison to the urban samples (6.1%). The level ranged from 0.092-22.225 mg/kg in food and 0.513-39 mg/kg in faeces. The mean concentration of FB i in the faeces and maize samples showed a similar significant difference of 0.014 between the two groups. However, these concentrations were much lower than those of high OC area in Transkei (117 mg/kg). There was no detection of FBI in fermented food products. / Thesis (M.Med.Sci.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-104). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (1μg/mL) were evaluated and sorbents β-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisae with 65% of active ingredient (β-glu) (1mg/mL) and montmirillonite (MMT) (5mg/mL) under ruminal fermentation. Two in vitro assays were conducted. On the first assay the objectives were to determine the production of short chain fatty acids, the production of ammonia during 24-h in vitro. While on the second assay the production of methane (CH4) and kinetic parameters based on gas production date were determined (GPmax= maxim gas production in t time; Lag= lag phase before gas production commenced; S=gas production rate (h-1)) during 72-h in vitro incubation. In each assay six repetitions were made for the following treatments: CONT: control (without AFB1 or sorbents); AF: AFB1 (1μg/mL); β-glu (1mg/mL); β-glu + AF: (1mg/mL of β-glu + 1μg/mL of AFB1); MMT: (5mg/mL); MMT + AF: (5mg/mL of MMT + 1μg/mL of AFB1). The amount of AGCC produced by the β-glu (67,7 mM) treatment was significantly higher about CONT (57,72 mM) and MMT (53,3 mM). treatments. On the other hand, MMT clay reduced the production of NH3 (9,6 mM) about CONT (11,4 mM), AF (12,6 mM) and β-glu (12,2 mM). The amount of GPmax by the β-glu treatment was 103,4 mL, significantly higher about produced CONT (89,0 mL) e MMT (91,6 mL). There was also higher gas production rate by the β-glu treatment. The montmorilonite raised the lag phase and reduced the CH4 production. The results of this study suggest that AFB1 (1μg/mL) has no toxic effect on ruminal fermentation. Whereas the β-glu impacts the ruminal fermentation by increase the AGCC produced. The montmorilonite can delay the bacterial colonization but does t effect the quantity of AGCC produced. / Foram avaliados os efeitos da aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) (1μg/mL) e os adsorventes β-glucanas devivadas de Saccharomyces cerevisae com 65% de princípio ativo (β-glu) (1mg/mL) e montmorilonita (MMT) (5mg/mL) sobre a fermentação ruminal. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios in vitro, no primeiro ensaio o propósito foi determinar a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, a produção de amônia em 24h de incubação. Enquanto no segundo ensaio determinou-se a produção de metano (CH4) e os parâmetros da cinética da produção de gases (Vf = volume final de gás (ml) no tempo t; L = tempo de colonização; S = taxa de degradação (h-1)) no período de 72h de incubação. Em cada ensaio seis repetições foram realizadas para os seguintes tratamentos: CONT: controle (sem AFB1 ou adsorventes); AF: AFB1 (1μg/mL); β-glu (1mg/mL); β-glu + AF: (1mg/mL de β-glu + 1μg/mL de AFB1); MMT: (5mg/mL); MMT + AF: (5mg/mL de MMT + 1μg/mL de AFB1). A quantidade produzida de AGCC foi significativamente maior no tratamento β-glu (67,7 mM) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (57,72 mM) e MMT (53,3 mM). A MMT reduziu significativamente a produção de NH3 (9,6 mM) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (11,4 mM), AF (12,6 mM) e β-glu (12,2 mM). O tratamento β-glu produziu maior volume de gás (103, 4 mL) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (89,0 mL) e MMT (91,6 mL). Também o tratamento β-glu teve maior taxa de degradação em relação aos demais tratamentos. A montmorilonita aumentou o tempo de colonização e reduziu a produção de CH4. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a AFB1 (1μg/mL) não é tóxica a fermentação ruminal. Enquanto, o uso do β-glu impacta a fermentação ruminal, aumentando a produção de AGCC. O uso de montmorilonita pode retardar a colonização bacteriana no alimento porém, não interfere significativamente na quantidade total de AGCC produzidos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fusarium spp. is the causal agent of root rot in several crops. In no tillage system, compacted areas favor the incidence of these diseases. These fungi can also infect the grains and produce mycotoxins. Trichoderma spp. has shown promising results and can be used in the integrated management of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. The aims of this study was to quantify and correlate populations of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp. and others (fungi and bacteria) with physical characteristics indicative of soil compaction in the crops of oat and soybean; identify morphological and molecularly isolates of Fusarium spp.; genetically characterize isolates of Trichoderma spp.; assess the efficiency of in vitro and in vivo control of Trichoderma spp. versus Fusarium spp. ; and quantify the production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) by Fusarium spp. Soil samples were collected at Victor Graeff (RS) in an area previously mapped regarding to soil compaction. The samples were taken at three depths (0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm) and in six compaction levels established by the measures of resistance to penetration (Rp) (points with higher Rp: 3.4, 4.6, and 5.0 MPa, and lower Rp: 0.3, 1.3, and 2.2 MPa). The samples were evaluated for fungal and microbial population (serial dilutions) and soil physical characteristics. Fungi of the genus Fusarium and Trichoderma, when present in serial dilutions, were isolated for further molecular and morphological identification (based on TEF-1α and ITS regions, respectively). Tests were performed in vitro (direct confrontation) and in vivo (in oat and soybean) to evaluate the control efficiency of Trichoderma spp. versus Fusarium spp. The production of DON and ZEA was measured by Elisa and immunoaffinity columns, respectively. In oat grown after soybean the population and physical characteristics of the soil were showed higher correlation, with the largest populations of Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. found in depths of 5-10 and 10-15 cm, respectively. 13 species of Fusarium were identified and the TEF-1α region was efficient for the distinction among them. T. koningiopsis, T. tomentosum and T. asperellum were identified, totaling five isolates and all of them showed good potential for controlling Fusarium spp. in soybean. In oat, stood out as root growth promoters, increasing the fresh weight of seedlings. In soybean isolates of F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum were pathogenic and caused damping off of seedlings. For oat, the isolates of F. graminearum did not provide the observation of such symptoms. F. graminearum and F. solani produced both DON and ZEA, while F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum produced ZEA. / Fusarium spp. é o agente causal de podridões radiculares em diversas culturas. No sistema plantio direto, áreas compactadas favorecem a incidência dessas doenças. Esses fungos podem também infectar os grãos e produzir micotoxinas. Trichoderma spp. vem apresentando resultados promissores e pode ser utilizado no manejo integrado de doenças provocadas por patógenos de solo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: quantificar e correlacionar populações de Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp. e outros (fungos e bactérias) em um solo com características físicas indicativas de compactação, nos cultivos de aveia preta e soja; identificar morfológica e molecularmente os isolados de Fusarium spp.; caracterizar geneticamente isolados de Trichoderma spp.; testar a eficiência de controle in vitro e in vivo de Trichoderma spp. versus Fusarium spp.; e quantificar a produção de deoxinivalenol (DON) e zearalenona (ZEA) pelos isolados de Fusarium spp. Amostras de solo foram coletadas no município de Victor Graeff (RS) em uma área previamente mapeada quanto à compactação do solo. As coletas foram feitas em três profundidades (0-5; 5-10 e 10-15 cm) e em seis níveis de compactação estabelecidos pelas medidas de resistência à penetração (Rp) (pontos com maior Rp: 3,4; 4,6 e 5,0 MPa; e menor Rp: 0,3; 1,3 e 2,2 MPa). Nas amostras coletadas foram realizadas avaliações de população fúngica e microbiana (diluições seriais) e de características físicas do solo. Fungos dos gêneros Fusarium e Trichoderma, quando presentes nas diluições seriais, foram isolados para posterior identificação morfológica e molecular (baseada nas regiões TEF-1α e ITS, respectivamente). Foram realizados testes in vitro (confrontação direta) e in vivo (em aveia preta e soja) para avaliar a eficiência de controle de Trichoderma spp. versus Fusarium spp. A produção de DON e ZEA foi verificada pelo método Elisa e colunas de imunoafinidade, respectivamente. Em aveia preta cultivada após a soja, as características físicas e populacionais do solo se correlacionaram mais pronunciadamente, sendo que maiores populações de Fusarium spp. e Trichoderma spp. foram encontradas nas profundidades 5-10 e 10-15 cm, respectivamente. Identificaram-se 13 espécies de Fusarium e a região TEF-1α foi eficiente para sua distinção. T. koningiopsis, T. tomentosum e T. asperellum foram identificados, totalizando cinco isolados e todos eles apresentaram bom potencial de controle de Fusarium spp. em soja. Em aveia preta, destacaram-se como promotores de crescimento radicular, incrementando o peso fresco de plântulas. Em soja, isolados de F. oxysporum e F. proliferatum foram patogênicos e provocaram tombamento de plântulas. Para aveia, os isolados de F. graminearum não proporcionaram a observação desse sintoma. F. graminearum e F. solani produziram tanto DON quanto ZEA, enquanto que F. proliferatum e F. oxysporum produziram apenas ZEA.

Aves domésticas são um dos principais alvos da contaminação alimentar com micotoxinas. O que contribui para o aumento dos prejuízos da indústria avícola devido a problemas como: alta mortalidade, redução do ganho de peso, alteração da conversão alimentar, imunossupressão, anormalidades embrionárias e morte embrionária precoce. Além disso, o acúmulo residual de micotoxinas na carne é uma preocupação da Saúde Pública. Diversos métodos são utilizados para a avaliação da citotoxicidade induzida por agentes tóxicos, incluindo a inibição do crescimento celular, a avaliação da capacidade celular de sintetizar macromoléculas necessárias para a replicação e da capacidade desse agente tóxico para induzir a peroxidação lipídica. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos in vitro de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre o sistema imunológico de frangos de corte, utilizando como parâmetros, a viabilidade celular, a atividade enzimática e o estresse oxidativo. Realizou-se cultivo primário de linfócitos das aves e o seu isolamento através da técnica de centrifugação por gradiente de densidade. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular, em uma confluência de 80%, em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1 μg/mL), analisando-se viabilidade celular, atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase e acetilcolinesterase por ensaios colorimétricos e peroxidação lipídica através dos níveis de malondialdeído mensurados pela técnica de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. Todos esses parâmetros foram analisados em 24, 48 e 72 h, em triplicata e os resultados expressos como média e erro padrão da média, utilizando nível de significância P<0,05. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade de adenosina desaminase, enquanto zearalenona também induziu proliferação, mas nenhuma alteração na atividade da respectiva enzima. Quanto à avaliação da peroxidação lipídica, demonstrou-se a seguinte relação crescente de citotoxicidade: deoxynivalenol> ocratoxina A> zearalenona; enquanto que na avaliação da atividade de acetilcolinesterase esta relação foi inversamente proporcional. Este é o primeiro estudo in vitro realizado com ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre o cultivo primário de linfócitos de frangos de corte na avaliação desses parâmetros. / Poultry is one of the main targets of food contamination with mycotoxins. This contributes to the increase in the poultry industry losses due to problems such as high mortality, reduced body weight gain, change in feed conversion, immunosuppression, embryonic abnormalities and early embryonic death. Furthermore, the residual accumulation of mycotoxins in the meat is a public health concern. Various methods are used to assess the cytotoxicity induced by toxic agents, including inhibition of cellular growth, the evaluation of cell ability to synthesize macromolecules necessary for replication and the ability of this toxic agent to induce lipid peroxidation. Thus, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the immune system of broiler chickens using as parameters, cell viability, enzymatic activity and oxidative stress. It was realized a primary culture of lymphocytes of birds and their isolation through density gradient centrifugation technique. Each mycotoxin has been added to the cell medium, at 80% confluence, at different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ mL), analyzing cell viability, ecto-adenosine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase activity by colorimetric assays and lipid peroxidation through the malondialdehyde levels measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test. All these parameters were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h, in triplicate and the results expressed as mean and standard error of the mean, using P<0.05 as significance level. The results showed that both ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced lymphocyte proliferation and low adenosine deaminase activity, while zearalenone also induced proliferation, but no change in their enzyme activity. The assessment of lipid peroxidation demonstrated the following increasing cytotoxicity relation: deoxynivalenol>ochratoxin A>zearalenone; while in the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity this relationship was inversely proportional. This is the first in vitro study performed with ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the primary culture of broiler chicken lymphocytes evaluating these parameters.

Submitted by ELISSANDRO SOARES EMÍDIO null (elissandro_se@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-12T21:01:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Elissandro Soares Emidio_IQ UNESP.pdf: 4935815 bytes, checksum: 2ed4a096c784661153f0589f1feaccf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-16T13:18:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emidio_es_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 512252 bytes, checksum: abe4aee98ccd84a2227db13788c6221b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T13:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emidio_es_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 512252 bytes, checksum: abe4aee98ccd84a2227db13788c6221b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Micotoxinas estrogênicas (EM) são estrógenos produzidos como metabólitos secundários de fungos. Entre as EM estão a zearalenona (ZEN) e seus metabólitos produzidos principalmente pelo fungo do gênero Fusarium que cresce em várias culturas agrícolas. A influência da exposição às EM na saúde de mamíferos /humanos, por meio dos alimentos, tem sido extensivamente estudada. Em contraste, estudos que focam nas EM em águas superficiais e seus possíveis impactos no ambiente aquático são negligenciados. O presente trabalho apresenta os desenvolvimentos mais recentes no que concerne às micotoxinas estrogênicas, em relação às metodologias analíticas utilizadas na sua determinação e avaliação do comportamento em águas superficiais. As atividades desenvolvidas foram divididas em duas etapas: (1) Estudo analítico - desenvolvimento de um método analítico verde para a determinação das micotoxinas estrogênicas empregando a microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva (DLLME) utilizando bromosolventes e líquido iônico (IL) por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção por fluorescência (FLD) ou espectrometria de massas (MS); (2) Estudo ambiental - avaliação da presença dos analitos na microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico com avaliação espaço-temporal e a persistência da micotoxina zearalenona em ambientes aquáticos sob irradiação solar simulada. Vários parâmetros importantes que influenciam a eficiência de extração para DLLME foram otimizados. Em condições ótimas, a recuperação de extração para ZEN e seus metabólitos para DLLME e IL-DLLME variaram de 81 a 118 % e 76 a 81 %, respectivamente; Os desvios padrão relativos (RSD) para a precisão intra-dia e inter-dia foram menores do que 13%, em DLLME, e inferior a 5,7 % (intra-dia) para IL-DLLME. Os limites de detecção do método (LOD) e quantificação (LOQ) foram de 4-20 ng L-1 e de 8-40 ng L-1 para DLLME e 0,2 ng L-1 e 0,5 ng L-1 para IL-DLLME, respectivamente. A determinação das micotoxinas estrogênicas nas amostras de água da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico alcançaram níveis de até 59,3 ng L-1 com concentração equivalente em estradiol calculada (cEEQ) entre <0,06 e 1,42 ng L-1. Essas concentrações estão relacionadas a efeitos adversos no crescimento e reprodução de algumas espécies de peixes. No estudo de fototransformação a ZEN foi degradada rapidamente em águas naturais, com meia-vida (t1/2) de 28,3 min (água estuarina) e 135,9 min (água de rio). Os resultados indicaram que, após 1 h do tempo de irradiação, o percentual de degradação da ZEN foi de 69,4% (água do rio) e 90,8% (água estuarina). Do ponto de vista ambiental, a rápida degradação observada não deve ser interpretada “a priori”, como indicativo de baixo risco ambiental do aporte de ZEN, devendo ser investigados o comportamento ambiental e toxicológico dos seus produtos de degradação, além do que há que se considerar a constante introdução, nas águas superficiais, de microcontaminantes associados ao esgoto sanitário, como a ZEN. / Estrogenic mycotoxins (EM) are estrogens produced as secondary metabolites of fungi. The well known EM are zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites primarily produced by the mold Fusarium growing on a variety of crops. The influence of exposure to EM on human/mammalian health via food has been extensively studied. In contrast, studies focus on EM in surface waters and their possible impacts in aquatic environment are negligible. The current work presents the most recent developments concerning estrogenic mycotoxins, in regard to the analytic methodologies utilized in their determination and the behavior assessment in surface waters. The study was developed in two steps: (1) analytical study - Green analytical method development for determination of estrogenic mycotoxin employing microextraction liquid-liquid dispersive (DLLME) using bromosolvent and ionic liquid (IL) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) or mass spectrometry (MS); (2) Environmental study - evaluation of the presence of analytes in Rico stream watershed with spatial-temporal distribution and the persistence of zearalenone mycotoxin in aquatic environments by simulated sunlight. Several important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of DLLME were optimized. Under optimal conditions, extraction recovery for ZEN and its metabolites by DLLME and IL-DLLME were within the range of 81-118 % e 76-81 % respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 13% by DLLME, and lower than 5.7 % (intra-day) by ILDLLME. The method limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were from 4– 20 ng L−1 and 8–40 ng L−1, for DLLME and from 0.2 ng L−1 and 0.5 ng L−1 for ILDLLME, respectively. Determination of estrogenic mycotoxins in water samples from Rico Stream watershed reached levels of up to 59.3 ng L-1 and their corresponding calculated estrogenic equivalents (cEEQ) values were <0.06 and 1.42 ng L-1. These concentrations are related to adverse effects on growth and reproduction of some fish species. In phototransformation study ZEN degraded quickly in natural waters, with half-lives (t1/2) of 28.3 min (estuarine water) and 135.9 min (river water). The results indicated that after 1 h irradiation time, the degradation percentage of ZEN were 69.4% (river water) and 90.8% (estuarine water). From an environmental point of view, the rapid degradation observed, under laboratory conditions, should not be interpreted "a priori" as indicative of low environmental risk for ZEN, should be investigated environmental behavior and toxicology of degradation products, beyond it is necessary to considering the constant introduction into surface water of microcontaminants associated with sewage, such as this mycotoxin. / CNPq: 140990/2012-7