Ce travail est une étude mythologique portant principalement sur deux figures héroïques grecques, Pélops et Hippodamie, couple fondateur de la lignée des Pélopides. Inscrivant ma démarche dans la lignée des travaux de Marcel Detienne, Claude Calame et Charles Delattre sur la notion de mythe, non pas catégorie indigène mais objet construit a posteriori par les chercheurs actuels, je définis, sur la base des critères minimaux que sont les noms propres des héros et leurs types figurés, un corpus fait de textes grecs et dans une moindre mesure romains et d'œuvres figurées grecques, étrusques et romaines, que j'étudie ensuite systématiquement pour y mettre en évidence les possibles critères d'unité ou de discontinuité dans les représentations de ces figures héroïques, en me montrant attentif à la grande variété des contextes (cultuels, génériques, historiques) dans lesquels elles sont évoqués. J'étudie ainsi tant les cultes héroïques rendus à Pélops et Hippodamie à Olympie que les représentations figurées de ces héros et les différentes formes de discours qui les mentionnent, d'Homère à Nonnos de Panopolis. Je tente enfin de fournir les principaux éléments d'une étude globale de cet ensemble dans une perspective informée par l'anthropologie historique. Si l'ensemble général des évocations de Pélops n'a qu'une cohérence limitée, plusieurs sous-ensembles s'avèrent plus pertinents, le principal étant celui formé par les représentations de la course de chars qui aboutit à l'union des deux époux aux dépens d'Oinomaos, père récalcitrant d'Hippodamie. / This is a mythological study concerning mainly two heroic figures of ancient Greece: Pelops and Hippodameia, ancestors of the heroic genos of the Pelopids. In the continuity of the works of Marcel Detienne, Claude Calame or Charles Delattre about the notion of myth, no more considered as an « indigenous category » but as a construct built a posteriori by contemporary scholars, I define, on the basis of the minimal criterias that are the proper nouns of the heroes and their iconographical types, a corpus composed of Greek (and also in some measure Latin) texts and of Greek, Etruscan and Roman figurative works, which I then study systematically in order to find out more precise criterias of unity or discontinuity in the representations of these heroic figures, paying special attention to the great variety of contexts (cults, genres, historical eras) in which they are evoked. I thus study the heroic cults devoted to Pelops and Hippodameia in Olympia, the visual representations of these heroes, and the different forms of speech which mention them, from Homer to Nonnos of Panopolis. I lastly try to provide the main elements for a global study of this corpus in a perspective informed by historical anthropology. If the widest corpus, composed of the mentions of Pelops, has only a limited coherence, several subsets appear more pertinent, mainly that which is formed by the representations of the chariot race that allows the union of two spouses, despite the reluctance of Hippodameia's father, Oinomaos

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This dissertation demonstrates how props act as conduits of knowledge and (thus?) power in Sophocles’ “non-Theban” plays. I show how certain props challenge the definitions and values that they accrue as they move between actors onstage. Key props in these four plays behave unlike other props in extant tragedy, opening up the possibility for a sustained inquiry into the ways that property speaks to and for power. Focusing on the urn in Electra, the bow in Philoctetes, Hector’s sword and Ajax’s own shield in Ajax, and the robe in Trachiniae, this project argues for the centrality of these props in these plays’ verbal exchanges. The introduction sets up a framework and methodology that draws on Michel Foucault’s notion of power-knowledge (pouvoir-savoir) and the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu alongside contemporary thinkers like Jack Halberstam, Jane Bennett, and Sara Ahmed. The first chapter, “The Urn is the Wor(l)d in Sophocles’ Electra,” builds on prior scholarship on this much-studied stage object by showing how it accrues “symbolic power” and comes to construct reality and the social world. The possibility of that consensus breaks down, however, in the face of the familiar/l strife at Argos, and it is through this breakdown that the urn gives audience members a way to examine the play’s puzzling lack of resolution. The second chapter, “Stringing a Bow: Learning, use, and power in Sophocles’ Philoctetes,” builds on the previous chapters’ by showing how the bow defines the limits of Neoptolemus’ education on Lemnos and the terms of its own exchange. The bow’s frequent back and forth between characters and its role in Odysseus’s subterfuge belie the fact that it still belongs to Heracles, who alone can authorize its use. This reading draws out the strange relationship between the deceptions of the False Merchant and the divine interventions of Heracles, demonstrating an uncomfortable consonance between the two scenes. The third chapter, entitled “Ajax’s economy of hostility: the necropolitics of kleos,” explores how Ajax paradoxically gives up his shield even as it merges with his identity as a defense for the Achaeans against the Trojans. Ajax himself attempts to manipulate this threat through the handling and “exchange” of the sword of Hector with its native soil, misleading his compatriots — and possibly himself — about his intentions in his so-called “deception speech.” When Hector’s sword pierces Ajax’s body, Trojan and personal hostilities merge until Odysseus manages to rectify the play’s errant exchanges and restore Ajax’s status as a shield for his companions. The fourth and final chapter, “Ceci n’est pas un prop: The robe as gift and garment in Sophocles’ Trachiniae,” shows that the robe’s failure to appear onstage as a prop — the audience might see it as part of Heracles’ costume at the end of the play — enacts the conflict between oikos and wilderness that the characters inhabit, exposing them to the threats of order and disorder as they attempt to integrate Heracles’ pure excess into the oikonomia of Trachis. This process ultimately reveals the futility of attempts to analyze the play in terms of its dichotomies: female-male, oikos-polis, concealed-revealed, etc. The circulation of the robe in its box charts a path for understanding the play in terms that defy dichotomization by locating the play’s exchanges along intersecting modes of valuation. In the conclusion, I widen the perspective of this methodology again, turning to the instrumentalization of bodies in Sophocles’ Theban plays. I raise questions about how meaning, use, value, and power come to be confused via onstage exchanges, and I gesture towards possible future avenues of inquiry that might account for the trouble with bodies that Ajax raises.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis compares selected beings of Baltic folklore within a nearer Balto-Slavic areal after analysing them. It defines the term "chthonic" in accord with the current traditions and supplements it with additional traits, which it verifies afterwards. Using these traits the thesis consequently determines the chthonic properties of the beings. The comparations begin with velnias/velns, a being with assumed chthonic character, which is confirmed. The core of the thesis is dedicated to aivataras, whose mythopersonyma and appearance are examined first, followed by its functionality i.e. the plots it figures in. According to the plots aitvaras and its Baltic variants are compared with East- and West Slavic beings with focus at the plots of Czech demonologic fables. This establishes aitvaras and its equivalents posses strong serpentine traits and a relation to the revered spirits of dead ancestors. The results of this comparison are compared to previous research and some differing conclusions are presented, among them a proposal of a possible etymology of the mythopersonymum "aitvaras". No significant difference on the functional level has been discovered between the terms "aitvaras" and "kaukas". The last chapter concerns itself with the being called "laumė" and to her similar female deities and...

L’objectif de ce travail est d’appréhender le procédé rhétorique appelé "historiola" dans le contexte du rituel magique égyptien. La période chronologique choisie est celle du Nouvel Empire, époque regroupant une grande variété de formules. L’analyse s’effectue tant sur un plan structurel que modal et thématique afin d’observer l’ensemble des caractéristiques de ce procédé. L"’historiola" est ainsi perçue comme un procédé littéraire permettant au magicien de renforcer l’efficacité de la formule qu’il doit prononcer en vue de protéger ou de guérir un patient. / The aim of this work is to try to understand how the "historiola" works into an Ancient Egyptian ritual. The selected chronological period is the New Kingdom which conveys a great diversity of spells. The analysis is performed on a structural and on a modal and thematic approach, so as to observe the characteristics of the "historiola". The historiola is thus seen as a literary process which allows the magician to enhance the effectiveness of the formula he has to pronounce in order to protect or to cure the patient.

La présente étude porte sur les traditions religieuses de la XVe province de Haute Égypte - la sepat de la Hase - dont la métropole était la ville égyptienne Khemenou, devenue l’Hermopolis Magna des Grecs. Le cadre chronologique de ce travail couvre plus particulièrement la période courant de la fin des dynasties indigènes jusqu’au Bas-Empire romain. En raison de l’insuffisance de la documentation locale, les textes issus des scriptoria des grands temples égyptiens ont été pris en compte en tant que sources complémentaires afin de permettre la reconstitution du panthéon de la province ainsi que des légendes qui sont associées à ses lieux saints. L’analyse des papyrus et des inscriptions grecques se rapportant à Hermopolis a permis de répertorier les principaux sanctuaires de la ville à l’époque ptolémaïque et romaine. Enfin, un examen critique de cette documentation a rendu possible la mise en évidence des incohérences liées à la reconstitution du centre ville proposée par les archéologues, confusion qui résulte notamment d’une interprétation erronée des sources. / This study focuses on the religious traditions of the XVth Upper Egyptian province - the sepat of the Hare - whose the main city was the ancient Egyptian town of Khemenou, who became the Greek Hermopolis Magna. The chronological frame of this work covers mainly the period from the end of the native dynasties until the Roman Empire. Due to the lack of local documents, the outcomes of the scriptoria of the main Egyptian temples were considered as complementary sources to permit a reconstruction of the pantheon of the province and the legends associated with its holy places. The analysis of Greek papyrus and inscriptions relating to Hermopolis allowed to list the main sanctuaries of the city in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Finally, a critical review of this literature has made possible the detection of inconsistencies concerning the reconstruction of city center proposed by the archaeologists: this confusion resulting from a misinterpretation of the sources.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The full text of this thesis/dissertation is not available online. Please <a href="mailto:upetd@up.ac.za">contact us</a> if you need access. Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Dissertation (MA (Semitic Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

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