Sammanfattning Syftet med denna uppsats var att redogöra för fem romers erfarenheter av utbildning under perioden 1970–2000-talet. För att uppfylla detta syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med fem romer som bor i Sverige och som har gått i skola någon gång under perioden 1970–2000-talet. Dessa fem respondenter gav svar på följande frågeställningar: Vilka erfarenheter har romer av skolan, vilka erfarenheter har respondentens föräldrar av skolan och hur anser romer att allas rätt till en likvärdig utbildning bättre kan omfatta alla? Respondenternas svar på dessa frågeställningar analyserades utifrån Pierre Bourdieus begreppsteori, vilken inkluderar habitus, fält, kapital och symboliskt våld. Därigenom gavs en tydligare bild av romers erfarenheter av utbildning under perioden 1970–2000-talet.Sammanfattningsvis framkom att de respondenter som hade haft bra förebilder och som fått stöd och hjälp från skolan, hade klarat skolan bättre och hade även genomgått en längre utbildning. De respondenter som saknade bra förebilder och som inte fick stöd och hjälp från skolan och hemifrån, klarade däremot inte skolan lika bra, vilket resulterade i att de avslutade grundskolan tidigare än de andra barnen. Det fanns dels skolor som försökte hjälpa respondenterna och ge dem det stöd de behövde, dels fanns det skolor som ignorerade respondenternas önskan om stöd och hjälp i skolan. För att förhindra den strukturella diskrimineringen som pågick – och fortfarande pågår – i såväl skolan som i samhället, behövs utbildning för både elever och föräldrar. Uppsatsens slutsatser var följande: ingen vill särskiljas och betraktas som annorlunda; alla behöver bli bekräftade, inklusive romer; det behövs utbildning för både barn och föräldrar för att förhindra strukturell diskriminering, och stöd och hjälp behöver ges till elever som inte får det hemifrån. Begrepp: nationell minoritetsgrupp, romer, diskriminering, respekt, bemötande, utbildning och acceptans. / Abstract The purpose of this paper was to account for Roma experiences of education during the period 1970–2000. Thus, a qualitative interview study was used with five Roma who live in Sweden and who have gone to school sometime during the period 1970–2000. These five respondents provided answers to the following questions: What experiences do Roma have of the school, what experiences did the parents have of the school and how can the education be more including and equal according to Romani people? The respondents answers to these questions were analyzed based on Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual theory, wich includes concepts such as habitus, field, capital and symbolic violence. This gave a clearer picture of Roma experiences of education in relation to the formal reforms. In summary, the respondents who had good role models, support and help from the school, managed school better and also had a longer education. On the contrary, those repsondents who lacked good role models, support and help from school and from home, did not cope as well, which resulted in them finishing primary school earlier than other children. There were schools that tried to help the respondents and give them the support they needed. However, there were also schools that ignored respondents’ desire for support and help at school. Finally, education for both students and parents was needed to prevent the structural discrimination that was present – and is still present – in both school and in society. The conclusion of this essay was as follows: no one wants to be distinguished as and considered different; everyone needs to be affirmed, including Roma; education was needed for both children and parents to prevent structural discrimination; and support and assistance was also needed for students who did not get it from home. Concepts; national minority group: Roma, discrimination, respect, treatment, education and acceptance.

Cultural anthropology as a scientific field studying diverse cultures has been incorporated into the field of nursery and it helps medical professionals to acquire specific cultural information enabling them to provide appropriate, efficient, individually-based care, support in health as well as in illness to the individuals and communities from a different cultural environment. The Czech Republic carried out investigation of diverse ethnic groups but did not implement investigation of the specific needs of the Polish minority group. The objective was focusing on mapping the approach of the Polish nationals to their health, on identification of their lifestyle, their approach to prevention, their attitude to home care and the specifics in the approach to dying. Hypotheses: H1 Statistically, the Polish minority group population with higher education shows better results in their approach to their health than the Polish minority group population with elementary education. H2 Younger women of the Polish minority group population with elementary education are more prone to agree with the statement on importance of attending preventive examinations by gynecologist than older women. H3 Based on the statistical assessment the Polish minority group population with higher education gives higher preferences for preparation of meals and catering based on both cuisines (Czech and Polish) than with elementary education. H4 Men of the Polish minority group population occasionally consuming alcohol are statistically significantly prevailing over women of the Polish minority group population occasionally consuming alcohol. H5 The older Polish minority group population has higher frequency of activities with the family than the younger Polish minority group population. H6 The confession of faith of the Polish minority group population significantly affects their approach to abortion compared to the nonbelieving population. H7 Older women of the Polish minority group population give more frequent preference to home care services than men of the Polish minority group population. H8 Women of the Polish minority group population more frequently require attendance of family members when dying than men. Methodology: The research part of the work was carried out by the method of quantitative research investigation. The selected set consisted of 277 persons. The results: 94,90 % of the respondents agree that they take care of their health. However, H1 regarding approach to health was not confirmed. By comparing the results of the investigation we found out that more than 75 % of the respondents take proper prevention in all cases. H2 focusing on prevention was confirmed. The level of consummation of vegetable and fruit in case of the Polish national minority group is higher than the level of the Czech population. H3 was confirmed by testing. H4 connected with consummation of alcohol was not confirmed. This was confirmed in the research investigation; however, H5 was not confirmed. The result of 88.40 % respondents who confessed their faith has not impacted the result of H6 which was not confirmed. The objective of the work included also identification of the attitude and experience with home care agency which was indicated by 46.60 % respondents. H7 was not confirmed. We were surprised by the identified attitude of the respondents to their faith in live after death, to attendance of family members or a priest in case of dying when in all cases more than 20% respondents responded that they did not know. H8 was not confirmed by testing. Conclusion: The thesis gives a summary of information on the Polish national minority group living in the Těšín region of Silesia. The final thesis outlines a proposal for a Standard of nursery care of the Polish national minority group. The results of the research investigation will be also presented at conferences. This thesis may be used by students of the nursery field as a teaching material.

Sverigefinnar är en av Sveriges nationella minoritetsgrupper. Under en lång historisk period har de varit föremål för diskriminering och assimilering, men de senaste åren har deras status höjts och de har idag särskilda lagstadgade rättigheter. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur samhälleliga faktorer påverkar sverigefinnars relation till sin etniska bakgrund och hur det har påverkat deras identitetsprocess. För att analysera detta användes Goffmans teorier om stigma. Metoden som valts för denna uppsats är en tematisk innehållsanalys av tre delvis självbiografiska böcker. En av böckerna är en antologi och totalt har tio texter skrivna av sverigefinnar analyserats. Studiens resultat visar att Sverigefinnarna betraktades som avvikande grupp under deras barndom. Det medförde att de kände skam över sin sverigefinska identitet och bidrog till en upplevelse av att deras etniska identitet är mindre värd. Det var även vanligt att många försökt att dölja sin finska bakgrund för att kunna passera som svensk och betraktas som normal. Resultatet visar även att klasstillhörigheten och det finska språket påverkat deras relation till sin etniska identitet. Idag, när de samhälleliga faktorerna och synen på sverigefinnar förändrats, hade skamkänslorna över den sverigefinska identiteten i större utsträckning bytts ut mot stolthet. Men erfarenheterna från barndomen hade trots det en stor påverkan på deras relation till sin etniska identitet, och en komplicerad relation till den etniska identiteten var fortfarande närvarande. / The Sweden-Finns is one of the national minority groups. Sweden-Finns have been subjected to discrimination and assimilation in Sweden for a long period, but during the latest years their status have been raised and today they have statutory rights. The aim of this essay was, by using Goffmans theories about Stigma, to examine how social factors have affected the Sweden-Finns attitude towards their ethnic identity and which influence these factors had on their identity process. The method chosen for this study was a qualitative approach and a thematic analysis of three partly autobiographical books written by Sweden-Finns. Since one of the books is an anthology, a total of ten authors texts have been used. The result showed that the Sweden-Finns have been viewed as strangers during their childhood. It led to shame over their ethnic identity, and it was common to try to hide the Swedish-Finnish identity so that they would be viewed as normal. The social factors also led to a feeling that they had less dignity because of their ethnic identity. Their economical class identity and the Finnish language was also linked to feeling about being different. Today, when the status of Sweden-Finns has improved, the feeling of shame over the ethnic identity was lower and feelings of pride were more common. But the social factors during their childhood have had a big impact of their identity process, and an ambivalent feeling towards their ethnic identity was still present.