Univ., Diss.--Aachen, 2006.

LOPES, Adriana Alves de Lima. O conceito de natureza em Schelling: um estudo sobre os escritos de 1797-1799. 2007. 110f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2007. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-05T16:45:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-AALLOPES.pdf: 462263 bytes, checksum: edd45aa734ebfcbdf93b2d4f969d4155 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-05T18:23:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-AALLOPES.pdf: 462263 bytes, checksum: edd45aa734ebfcbdf93b2d4f969d4155 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-05T18:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-DIS-AALLOPES.pdf: 462263 bytes, checksum: edd45aa734ebfcbdf93b2d4f969d4155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este trabalho visa analisar a concepção de natureza de Schelling a partir de seus escritos iniciais para mostrar que, à luz do jovem Schelling, a Filosofia da Natureza surge como um avanço da teoria de Fichte (que reduz a natureza ao Não-eu) numa dinamicidade da própria natureza. Mas, por outro lado, surge também como um resgate desta postura que assume um Eu absoluto e incondicionado como fundamento de todo saber racional. A partir desta relação originária entre Eu e Não-eu, Schelling elabora a idéia de uma natureza enquanto produtividade livre, orientada por uma atividade originária e incondicionada. Desse modo, sua Filosofia da Natureza surge como física especulativa, onde se faz necessário considerar não apenas os seus produtos, mas também sua produtividade; logo, há na natureza uma organização, de onde se deduz que tudo o que é comprovado na experiência é fruto de um princípio constitutivo da própria natureza, e não simplesmente por princípios regulativos (como pensara Kant). Portanto, para além de uma metafísica da natureza de Kant, Schelling a concebe como unidade objetiva de matéria e forma.

Das Buch argumentiert, dass Descartes seine Metaphysik von Körpern durch ein zweistufiges Argument begründet hat: Ersteres (letztendlich auf der Theorie der Ideen beruhend) soll beweisen, dass Körper erweiterte Substanzen sind; Letzteres (das die gesamte Naturphilosophie von Descartes nutzt) sollte beweisen, dass Körper nichts anderes als erweiterte Substanzen sind. Das Buch zeigt, dass es für Descartes keine Argumente aus der „ersten Philosophie“ gibt, die beweisen könnten, dass Körper nichts als erweiterte Substanzen sind. Es zeigt, dass Descartes’ Argument, alle „realen Qualitäten“ und „wesentlichen Formen“ der Scholastiker zu eliminieren, letztendlich ein Argument für die beste Erklärung ist, die auf ontologischer Sparsamkeit beruht. Mit anderen Worten, ein Rasiermesser. Insbesondere war es die Visionstheorie, den Paradigmenfall für Descartes’ Ontologie materieller Substanzen zu liefern. Die Arbeit kam zu dem Schluss, dass – entgegen der Behauptung praktisch aller kartesischen Gelehrten – die These, dass Körper nichts als erweiterte Dinge sind, nicht der Ausgangspunkt von Descartes’ Physik ist, sondern ihre Krönung. / The work argues that Descartes established his metaphysics of bodies by means of a two-step argument: the former (ultimately grounded on the theory of ideas) being intended to prove that bodies are extended substances; the latter (which takes advantage of Descartes’ entire natural philosophy) aimed at proving that bodies are nothing but extended substances. It shows that for Descartes there are no arguments from ‘first philosophy’ that could prove that bodies are nothing but extended substances. The work shows that Descartes’ argument to eliminate all “real qualities” and “substantial forms” of the Scholastics is ultimately an argument to the best explanation driven by ontological parsimony. In other words, a razor. More in particular, it was the theory of vision to provide the paradigm case for Descartes’ ontology of material substances. The work concluded that, contrary to what claimed by virtually all Cartesian scholars, the thesis that bodies are nothing but extended things is not therefore the starting point of Descartes’ physics, but its crowning achievement.

Die Studie enthält eine Untersuchung der Naturphilosophie Melanchthons. Sie rekonstruiert die Entwicklung seiner wissenschaftlichen Interpretation des naturphilosophischen Wissens und weist nach, daß die lebenslange Beschäftigung Melanchthons mit naturphilosophischen Problemen ihre Motivation aus Luthers Theologie bezog, wenngleich diese nach einer philosophischen Unterstützung nicht verlangte.

The following project will examine the scientific, metaphysical, and aesthetic themes connected to Goethe's vision of Natur during and surrounding the years of his famed Italian Journey. Goethe's progressing conceptualization of the Urpflanze during this period, as witnessed in his autobiographical Italienische Reise and the Versuch, die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklaren, will be of special concern because of its pertinence to a number of vital natural scientific themes in Goethe's scientific work. I will also trace the progression of these themes over time as seen in Goethe's related theories of the intermaxillary bone and of the morphology of plant organs so as to maintain that the Italian Journey may be seen as a period not only of literary revitalization as commonly cited, but also of scientific progress in connection with Goethe's deepening understanding of Natur as well as its inherent laws and archetypal nature. The first chapter will introduce the project's problem in detail as well as the textual and critical obstructions associated with the project. I will maintain in Chapter II that Goethe's biography during the 1780s shows a systematic progression in the understanding of Natur in his scientific projects and in the Reise, which also helps to demonstrate that Goethe's Journey was a period during which Goethe was able to develop, in greater detail than heretofore, his metaphysical vision of Natur. In Chapter III, I will investigate the primary textual material on Goethe?s notion of the Urpflanze within the Italienische Reise and its resulting extension in his 1790 study of plant morphology, the Metamorphose der Pflanzen. Chapter IV will discuss the topic of the Eins in Nature and anschauende Urteilskraft as detected in Goethe's scientific writings. Chapter V will continue and conclude this argument by linking Richards' argument regarding "Romantic biologists" to Goethe?s natural science during the time of the Italian Journey, thus making a connection between Kunst and Natur in the Italienische Reise and in Goethe's scientific projects during and surrounding the Journey.

Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2006