The available literature on Mary Mcleod Bethune is very similar. Though it may look at various aspects of her life, it does so on the same plane. It gives an overview. In other words, it skims over her life, focusing only on the very narrow - and positive - aspects. She was the founder and president of a black college. She was head of a federal agency during the New Deal. She was head of a million member black women's organization. But what do these "highlightings" tell of Bethune and the world in which she worked? The point of this paper is to vary a little from the present literature. By taking a closer look at two of Bethune's organizations: the National Council of Negro Women and the Nation Youth Administration's Division of Negro Affairs, perhaps we can tell a little more of who Bethune really was and how important her work was to her. By "humanizing" Bethune, we may get a better understanding of what it meant to be a minority in a racist nation during a trying time. / Master of Arts

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T17:18:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Murilo Chaves Vilarinho - 2015.pdf: 8341316 bytes, checksum: 0182557fb53ae4cd9d0cb15db4f58a80 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T12:59:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Murilo Chaves Vilarinho - 2015.pdf: 8341316 bytes, checksum: 0182557fb53ae4cd9d0cb15db4f58a80 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T12:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Murilo Chaves Vilarinho - 2015.pdf: 8341316 bytes, checksum: 0182557fb53ae4cd9d0cb15db4f58a80 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis seeks to study about African slave in Rio social context in the Second Empire (1840-1889), and during the first decade of the Old Republic. This chronology seeks to think the African descendant through three specific social moments: firstly, when slave was the workforce that moved the Brazilian agricultural export system. Furthermore, he was considered an object by master, who punished it daily. In this way, slave, who experienced that context, was part of the first social moment, which, according to this thesis, ended in 1888, when there was Abolition. Secondly, since the slaves were freed by imperial state, became Africans solely. In fact, these were freed from their shackles and whip. However, they continued under the auspices of the imperial system until the advent of the Republic Proclamation in 1889. Free slaves experienced this second social moment, which was called the interregnum by this thesis. Finally, the former slave, now experiencing the condition of African descendant emancipated, was not inserted inside modern class society that was structured after the Proclamation in 1889. This individual was left alone. Indeed, the Old Republic not caught him, who continued being a "captive" person in a society where the slavery essence remained in terms of mentality of the population. African descendant who were part in context formed the third social moment. With regard to the life of the captive African, the freed African, and the African abandoned in the imperial society and Republican of Rio de Janeiro, it is believed that Literature contributes to understanding of social types, given that the hermeneutic understanding of Ricoeur claims that fiction can reveal essential aspects of reality. This sociological perspective, rooted in literature, confirms that the writings that were produced in some time ago can be important memory sources for understanding the social relations that were supported by past context. In this sense, it is believed that the realist literature in Machado de Assis, one of the canons of national literature, is able to reveal significant insights about the social context of imperial and republican Brazil. The realist literature in Machado de Assis, comprising novels, chronic, tales, shows us the social, political, cultural contexts in nineteenth-century imperial Brazil and during the first republican decade. In this sense, it is observed that literature can support the understanding about social life in its various aspects, yesterday and contemporarily. Taking this understanding into account, this thesis seeks to analyze the representation of social types represented through captive, freed, and abandoned Africans, which are part in realistic writes by Machado de Assis (1881 -1908). / A presente tese propõe-se a estudar sobre o negro no contexto social carioca do Segundo Reinado (1840- 1889), bem como no da primeira década da República Velha. Essa cronologia possibilita pensar o negro por meio de três momentos sociais específicos: em primeiro lugar, o negro era a força de trabalho que conformava o sistema agroexportador brasileiro e objeto de que se dispunha o senhor branco o qual o oprimia cotidianamente. Desse modo, os cativos, dessa ordem, conformam o primeiro momento social o qual, segundo essa tese, finaliza-se em 1888, quando a escravidão foi abolida. Em segundo lugar, uma vez que os escravos foram alforriados pelo Estado imperial, eles tornaram-se negros apenas. Esses evidentemente se libertaram dos grilhões e da chibata, no entanto continuaram sob os auspícios do sistema imperial até o advento da Proclamação da República em 1889. Os negros- alforriados, nessa ordem, conformam o segundo momento social, chamado de interregno por essa tese. Em último lugar, o antigo escravo, agora experienciando a condição de alforriado, não foi inserido na sociedade moderna de classes que se estruturava, após a Proclamação de 1889. Esse foi abandonado à própria sorte. Evidentemente, a República Velha não o amparou, o qual continuou “cativo” de uma sociedade cujas estruturas arcaicas da escravidão permaneceram irremovíveis da mentalidade e do cotidiano da população. Os negros dessa ordem consubstanciam o terceiro momento social. No que concerne à vida do negro- cativo, do negro- alforriado e do negro- abandonado na sociedade carioca imperial e na republicana, verifica-se que a literatura importantemente contribui para o conhecimento desses tipos sociais, haja vista que a compreensão hermenêutica de Ricoeur considera que o texto literário pode revelar aspectos essenciais da realidade, do ter-sido. Essa perspectiva da Sociologia da Literatura confirma que os escritos de uma época podem ser fontes de memória importantes para o entendimento de relações sociais que foram respaldadas por contextos passados. Nesse sentido, constata-se que a literatura realista de Machado de Assis, um dos cânones da literatura nacional, pode revelar perspectivas significantes sobre o contexto social do Brasil imperial e do republicano. Essa produção, composta por romances, por crônicas, por contos, evidencia os contextos da sociedade, da política, da cultura, do Brasil dezenovesco imperial e do da primeira década republicana. Nesse sentido, observa-se que a literatura pode subsidiar a compreensão sobre a vida em sociedade, considerando-se seus vários aspectos, ontem e hodiernamente. Em face desse entendimento, essa tese busca analisar a representação dos tipos sociais negro-cativo, negro-alforriado e negro-abandonado, os quais fizeram parte tanto da sociedade imperial quanto da republicana, por intermédio de escritos realistas de Machado de Assis (1881 -1908).

My thesis reconsiders Du Bois’ role in creating a black aesthetic, challenging prevailing notions about his opposition to the New Negro Renaissance and broadening the scope of his contributions in developing an indigenous, self-determined aesthetic. Currently, Harlem-centric historiography remains over-reliant on Du Bois’ own interpretations and unconcerned about his motives for misrepresenting the catalysts and the outcomes of the aesthetic and intellectual debates that define the period. By examining aesthetic controversies outside his dominant ‘failure’ interpretation and beyond the narrow geographical perimeters of a romanticized Harlem, the vital contributions Du Bois made to an intellectual dialogue that inspired artists to articulate a black aesthetic can be recognized. While some scholars have acknowledged the history of the renaissance has been unfairly shrouded in failure, none have explored Du Bois’ role as an aesthetic visionary, a position complicated by his categorical denunciation of the New Negro Renaissance. My research repositions Du Bois as a major ideological force at the genesis of the Black Aesthetic, both as an advocate and antagonist of the aesthetic ideals that define the movement. By tracing his intellectual evolution throughout the first quarter of the twentieth century, my thesis identifies how ideological conflicts within the NAACP and intellectual rivalries with Marcus Garvey, Charles S. Johnson, and Alain Locke impact Du Bois’ vacillating beliefs, and how his writings about art and his leadership as editor of The Crisis define the intellectual foundation and embody the racial dilemmas through which New Negroes create a revolutionary aesthetic. Du Bois’ insistence that artistic decadence and deleterious white commercial interests undermine the renaissance is reconsidered, allowing him, ironically, to be recognized as the New Negro Renaissance’s most important intellectual force in defining the Black Aesthetic.

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The purpose of this study is to add to the knowledge of juvenile delinquency in our society as it may be discerned through reports by those who have committed delinquent, but in most cases unadjudicated, acts. This study further seeks to add a dimension to the body of knowledge already gained through self-report techniques by discovering whether there are any important differences to be observed in comparing surveys of limited Negro and white populations.

Essa dissertação consiste de uma revisão dos resultados clássicos sobre a termodinâmica de buracos negros bem como de uma análise crítica das extensões recentes da relação entre a termodinâmica e a dinâmica gravitacional e suas implicações. / This dissertation consists of a revision of the classical results concerning the thermodynamics of black holes as well as a critical analysis of the recent extensions of the relationship between thermodynamics and the gravitational dynamics and its implications.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-02-20T14:46:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss Everton Côrrea 2017.pdf: 1991293 bytes, checksum: 5f237eebdf79be0e2526daad2b4f3795 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Leite (vera.leite@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-02-26T17:56:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss Everton Côrrea 2017.pdf: 1991293 bytes, checksum: 5f237eebdf79be0e2526daad2b4f3795 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T17:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss Everton Côrrea 2017.pdf: 1991293 bytes, checksum: 5f237eebdf79be0e2526daad2b4f3795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal verificar como os estudantes da EJA na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul identificam-se etnicamente, assim como averiguar os estigmas existentes sobre o negro nos discursos proferidos pelos alunos. A referida problematização implementou-se por meio do Produto de Intervenção, no formato de Projeto Pedagógico, intilulado: Rediscutindo a identidade Negra, visando cumprir com o exarado pela Lei 10639/2003,isto é, o estudo da história e da cultura africana e afro-brasileira, reconhecendo as contribuições do povo negro para a formação social de nosso país. Para tanto buscou-se apoio teórico nos estudos de Bakhtin (2006) fundamentando os conceitos de alteridade e dialogismo como pressupostos importantes na constituição do sujeito.Foucault (1972) elucida que as identidades não são determinadas ao nascer e, defende que são construções sociais que se estabelecem e modificam ao longo da vida de cada sujeito, de acordo com as relações históricos- sociais.Recorreu-se também aos estudos de Freire (2011), no intuito de possibilitar aos participantes da pesquisa, reflexões sobre o funcionamento das classes sociais, através do diálogo e do auto-conhecimento.Estabeleceu-se diálogos com as obras de Munanga (2005), Garcia (2007), Oliveira (2003) e Silva (2011) buscando o respaldo no que concerne as discussões históricas sobre o negro, assim como às políticas de ações afirmativas. / This research aims to verify how students from EJA on the south part of Rio Grande do Sul identify themselves ethnically, also to explore the social stigmas about Blackness on the discourses produced by these subjects. The debate became an Intervention Product turned into a Pedagogical Project entitled: Re-dicussing Black identity, aiming to fulfill the goals of Law 10.639/2003, which determines the study of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, acknowledging the contribution of Black people on the construction of Brazil. The theoretical basis for this work is Bakthin’s concept of alterity and dialogism as constitutional basis for the formation of subjects. Foucault (1972) explains that identities are not determined when the person is born, he defends that they are socially constructed determined throughout life, that are changed according to social and historical contexts. Freire (2011) is the support for the debate of social classes, allowing the participants of the research to construct a political thought about it, using dialog and self-knowledge. This research also brings connections to the works of researchers as, for example, Munanga (2005), Garcia (2007), Oliveira (2003) and Silva (2011), seeking for critical and historical perspective on Blackness, and also the prospect of affirmative politics related to it.

La presente investigación se basa en efectuar un diagnóstico del delito de receptación, en base al clima de inseguridad ciudadana que vive el país, en donde se ve afectado el patrimonio público y privado con el consecuente costo social de personas que sufren lesiones graves o muertes al ser víctimas de robos. El patrimonio obtenido ilícitamente es ofrecido en mercados negros o clandestinos, sin que se tenga una respuesta efectiva por parte del Estado para contrarrestar este ilícito penal. Todo esto a pesar que el Estado tiene una legislación que contempla y sanciona el delito de receptación. Sin embargo, no es suficiente para contrarrestarlo. Esta investigación los siguientes objetivos: 1) Identificar el proceso de investigación del delito contra el patrimonio en la modalidad de receptación a fin de mejorar las políticas públicas en relación a Seguridad Ciudadana 2) Identificar los problemas funcionales de la División de Investigación de Robos PNP (DIVINROB), en la investigación del delito de receptación para mejorar el proceso investigativo del delito de receptación y 3) Revisar la legislación aplicada al delito de receptación, para proponer políticas públicas de endurecimiento de las penas con normas legislativas que frenen la delincuencia en favor de una justa demanda social. Este estudio permitirá establecer el rol del Estado a través del eje de persecución del delito y se priorice las políticas públicas para recuperar la confianza de la ciudadanía y reducir los índices de inseguridad ciudadana. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Nenhuma / Este estudo busca identificar os mecanismos de exclusão social do Afro-Brasileiro a partir de um espaço específico: a escola pública. Partindo de categorias conceituais da modernidade, tais como cidadania, inclusão social e igualdade, procuro estabelecer a coincidência ou não de sentidos entre o discurso considerado legítimo - proferido no espaço formal de ensino - e o significado atribuído aos fenômenos sociais pelos pesquisados a partir de seu entorno. A parte empírica deste estudo foi realizada com alunos afro-descendentes da 8ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola popular da periferia da região metropolitana através de um estudo de tipo qualitativo que contou, entre os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados, com o questionário individual e a entrevista coletiva semi-estruturada. Concluí, com base nas evidências encontradas no universo pesquisado, que tais categorias sobre as quais a escola pública atua acriticamente não encontram eco na realidade do aluno afro-descendente. E, ao atuar irrefletida / The objective of this study is to identify the mechanisms of exclusion of the Afro-Brazilian in a specific place: the public school. Considering modern conceptual categories such as citizenship, social inclusion and equality, I investigate if there is a concurrence in the meaning of the legitimate discourse – that is present in the formal space of teaching - and the meaning that is assigned to the social phenomena by the research subjects about from their environment. The empirical part of this study was carried out with Afro-descendant students which were in the 8th grade of primary school in a school located in the outskirts of Porto Alegre. A qualitative analysis was performed. The data was collected mainly through a questionnaire that was applied individually, and a semi structured group interview. Based on the data analysis I concluded that the categories on which the public school acts uncritically did not reflect the reality of the Afro-descendant student. When the public school acts uncritically cons