This dissertation examines the history of gold mining among the Wanyamongo people of Tarime District from the 1930s to 2009. It argues that the establishment of gold mines in Nyamongo in the early 1930s created intra-community conflicts among the Wanyamongo people. These conflicts divided the community, turning young men against elders and wives against their husbands. This tension rarely reached overt levels during the colonial period, although violent confrontations were not totally absent. However, the conflicts are discernible in the narratives about gold mining. The dissertation argues that these conflictual discourses about gold mining continued into the post-colonial era, although their content changed over time. From the turn of this century these conflicts increasingly became violent. Often characterized as evidence of local communities' opposition to the intrusion of foreign companies I draw on oral sources and Tanzanian archives to argue that such turbulence is best understood by examining the social and economic relations of the residents of such communities. In Nyamongo this violence often pitted unemployed young men against fellow Kuria-speaking men who were employed by the mine as guards and in the Community Relations Department. I also argue that the young men who invaded the mine did not want the mine to close because their very survival was dependent upon the presence of a large company that can bring deeper ore to the surface. The dissertation also argues that, contrary to common wisdom that recognizes the Second World War as the beginning of the decline of the gold mining sector, in the Lake Province gold production actually continued to increase until the late 1950s. I also argue that when these mines closed in the 1960s and early 1970s it was not because of Julius Nyerere's economic policy, as is commonly believed. When Nyerere's government nationalized the industry in 1973, all of Tanzania's big gold mines had already closed. In the 1970s and 1980s Tanzania experienced an economic crisis marked by high inflation and a shortage of basic commodities. I argue that the miners of Nyamongo escaped this crisis because gold allowed them to engage in a lucrative trade that revolved around the smuggling of gold to Kenya. The dissertation also shows that when the Tanzanian government adopted neo-liberal economic reforms in the mid-1980s, the residents of Nyamongo embraced large-scale foreign investment in the form of an Australian-owned mining company. This embrace challenges the conventional view that depicts foreign mining companies as unwanted intruders in Tanzania's mining communities and the local small-scale miners as victims of neo-liberal economic policies.

My abiding concern with human and planetary wellbeing and an emerging interest in the potential of Participatory Action Research as a method of engaging with restorative, life-enhancing ways of being are central to the research reported here. Chomsky (2003), Kelsey (2002), Roddick (2001), and Stiglitz (2003) are amongst many authors who argue that the way in which we shape and are shaped by our relationships with one another has contributed to an intolerable, inhumane and unsustainable compromise of human and planetary wellbeing. Through a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project with staff from Te Ra, a community based on the holistic ideals of Rudolf Steiner, and thus an organisation explicitly committed to holistic wellbeing of people and planet, we sought to explore the challenges to such wellbeing. While our mutual attention was focused on enhancing staff wellbeing at their place of employment, my wider attention was also given to an investigation of the value of a critical analysis to the wider political and economic context in which this organisation works to meet the aspirations of this community. My deep attention has also focused on the potential for PAR to make a contribution to the transformational aspirations of critical theorists who are concerned to uncover and transform aspects of society that inhibit justice and wellbeing of people and planet. My metaphor of choice, to allow me the engagement in all three spheres simultaneously, is the metaphor of Dance. In my work with the staff of Te Ra, our intent was to 'dance with the Shadows', alluding to Jungian references to hidden aspects of ourselves and this community, to discover if un-wellness and disconnection from self and others could be transformed into flourishing relationships and wellbeing in the organisation. McNiff (2000) proposes that PAR has the potential to generate living theories that redefine the main purpose of organisation theory in terms of human wellbeing. Throughout this research project, principles of PAR are woven in with work of critical organisational theorists, psychologists and anthropologists. The already established ideas of reflection, observation, reflexivity, and action are choreographed with the less often considered ideas of those aspects of the research relationship that may inhibit mutuality. While this organisation is explicitly and deeply committed to underpinning all that is aspired to with a relational ethic, the impact that instrumental practices associated with an intensifying neo-liberal economic external environment have not left this organisation untouched. It took commitment, courage and resources to identify and engage with the Shadows masked by intrinsic and extrinsic pressures and processes that these research participants were experiencing. Engaging in PAR processes allowed us dance 'up close and personal' with their aspirations to begin transforming what was not well, while recognising and reinforcing the organisation's existing strong philosophical and spiritual foundations that emphasized individual freedom and collective responsibility for wellbeing of all. Based on the significant transformations achieved during this project we posit that PAR provides a collaborative opportunity for academics and practitioners to 'dance with the Shadows' of individuals and communities to make a significant contribution to the development of sustainable relationships in workplaces where human and planetary wellbeing is the priority.

<p>När vi hör ordet coachning associerar vi det ofta med idrott. När vi tänker på en coach tänkervi ofta på en hockeytränare eller en fotbollstränare. Studien som du nu håller i din handkommer att redogöra för en aspekt av coachning som inte är lika välkänt i vidare kretsarnämligen ledarcoachning. Ledarcoachning syftar till att hjälpa den coachade ledaren attutvecklas och bli mer effektiv i sitt arbete genom aktiv coachning som karaktäriseras avfeedback och utveckling. Fokus ligger alltså på en relation mellan coachen och deltagaren ochinte på att coachen ska lära deltagaren om rätt och fel sätt att sköta saker.</p><p>Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka effekter av coachning på ledare inom professionellaorganisationer och jämföra coachningeffekterna med förändrade personlighetsdrag hosdeltagarna, samt dra slutsatser om vilka coachningeffekter som kan kopplas till förändradepersonlighetsdrag.</p><p>Ovanstående leder oss till följande frågeställning: hur förändras en ledare genom ettcoachningprogram?</p><p>Den teoretiska referensramen inkluderar tidigare studier angående effekter av ledarcoachningsamt ett verktyg för att mäta personlighetsdrag kallat NEO PI-R vilket baseras påfemfaktormodellen.</p><p>Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på coachen Thomas Karlssons företag TKLedarguide AB och dess coachningverksamhet. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuermed respondenter som genomgått Karlssons program, parallellt med intervjuerna har vi låtitden coachade ledaren samt några av dennes medarbetare genomföra en enkät som syftar tillatt mäta förändrade personlighetsdrag enligt femfaktormodellen.</p><p>Våra slutsatser kan sammanfattas enligt följande lista:</p><ul><li>Ledarna skattar sin egen förändring i linje med våra teoretiska antaganden.</li><li>Ledarna skattar oftast sin egen förändring högre än medarbetarna gör.</li><li>Medarbetarna skattar de största förändringarna inom Samvetsgrannhet.</li><li>Coachningprogrammet är en arena för reflektion.</li><li>Efter coachningprogrammet visar ledarna på en hög nivå av Extraversion.</li><li>Lyhördhet och Sällskaplighet har varit de faktorer som förändrats minst.</li></ul><p>Då vi har tolkat Karlssons coachningprogram att likna andra ledarcoachningprogram har vi kunnat föra en resultatgivande diskussion kring resultatens överförbarhet till andracoachningprogram.</p>

In this thesis I consider the problem of the distinctiveness of knowledge of our own mental states and attitudes. I consider four influential approaches to this problem: the epistemic approach, the "no reasons view," the neo-expressivist approach and the rational agency approach. I argue that all of them face serious problems. I further argue that many of these problems are connected with the lack of fine-grained enough classification of the entities with respect to which we have self-knowledge. I suggest such a classification, distinguishing passive occurrent mental states, mental actions and standing attitudes, and argue that we should treat each of these categories separately for the purpose of explaining self-knowledge of them. I discuss in detail self-knowledge we have with respect to two of these categories: standing attitudes and mental actions. On my account self-knowledge of standing attitudes stands in a derivative relation to self-knowledge of other kinds. In my discussion of self-knowledge of mental actions I establish that we have a distinctive non-observational kind of self-knowledge and show some specific characteristics of this kind of self-knowledge. In the end I attempt to relate self-knowledge of mental actions to practical knowledge in the ordinary sense of skill.

När vi hör ordet coachning associerar vi det ofta med idrott. När vi tänker på en coach tänkervi ofta på en hockeytränare eller en fotbollstränare. Studien som du nu håller i din handkommer att redogöra för en aspekt av coachning som inte är lika välkänt i vidare kretsarnämligen ledarcoachning. Ledarcoachning syftar till att hjälpa den coachade ledaren attutvecklas och bli mer effektiv i sitt arbete genom aktiv coachning som karaktäriseras avfeedback och utveckling. Fokus ligger alltså på en relation mellan coachen och deltagaren ochinte på att coachen ska lära deltagaren om rätt och fel sätt att sköta saker. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka effekter av coachning på ledare inom professionellaorganisationer och jämföra coachningeffekterna med förändrade personlighetsdrag hosdeltagarna, samt dra slutsatser om vilka coachningeffekter som kan kopplas till förändradepersonlighetsdrag. Ovanstående leder oss till följande frågeställning: hur förändras en ledare genom ettcoachningprogram? Den teoretiska referensramen inkluderar tidigare studier angående effekter av ledarcoachningsamt ett verktyg för att mäta personlighetsdrag kallat NEO PI-R vilket baseras påfemfaktormodellen. Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på coachen Thomas Karlssons företag TKLedarguide AB och dess coachningverksamhet. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuermed respondenter som genomgått Karlssons program, parallellt med intervjuerna har vi låtitden coachade ledaren samt några av dennes medarbetare genomföra en enkät som syftar tillatt mäta förändrade personlighetsdrag enligt femfaktormodellen. Våra slutsatser kan sammanfattas enligt följande lista: Ledarna skattar sin egen förändring i linje med våra teoretiska antaganden. Ledarna skattar oftast sin egen förändring högre än medarbetarna gör. Medarbetarna skattar de största förändringarna inom Samvetsgrannhet. Coachningprogrammet är en arena för reflektion. Efter coachningprogrammet visar ledarna på en hög nivå av Extraversion. Lyhördhet och Sällskaplighet har varit de faktorer som förändrats minst. Då vi har tolkat Karlssons coachningprogram att likna andra ledarcoachningprogram har vi kunnat föra en resultatgivande diskussion kring resultatens överförbarhet till andracoachningprogram.

<p>Examination of the moralized risk discourse that occurs during moral panics can help us better understand how discourse supports neoliberal modes of governance. Using the moral panics about crack babies in the 1980's and illegal immigration in the 2000's to conduct a content analysis of almost 1500 newspaper articles, television transcripts and congressional hearings, I found that discourses of fairness, authority, and purity supported techniques of surveillance and control that contribute to the maintenance of racial and class boundaries in the US.</p> / Dissertation

Denna studie undersökte relationen mellan karaktärsdragen i The Big Five och Health Locus of Control (HLC). Testen NEO-FFI och MHLC användes för att mäta karaktärsdragen och dimensionerna i HLC. 130 studenter vid Växjö universitet deltog i studien. Resultatet visade en relation mellan Conscientiousness och dimensionen Intern HLC. Extraversion hade en något svagare relation till IHLC. Studenter med en högre grad av Conscientiousness eller Extraversion hade generellt en högre grad av IHLC. Neuroticism hade en relation till dimensionen Powerful others (PHLC). Studenterna med en högre grad Neuroticism hade också i allmänhet en högre grad av PHLC. De funna relationerna kan tyda på att karaktärsdragen tillsammans med HLC möjligen kan påverka faktorer som inverkar på hälsan.

This essay aims to explore the development of the common foreign and security policy within the European Union as well as the recent addition of the post of High representative in the field of the common foreign and security policy. This essay will attempt to achieve this trough exploring the questions; how have the aim of the European foreign policy developed, how the forms of cooperation has within this field developed and finally what impact will the recent addition of a high representative for the common foreign and security have. My aim is to answer these questions with the help of neo-functionalism. The results that came out of this essay point to the direction that the neo- functionalist premise about spill over effects and the notion about increased supranational influence turn out to have some validity in them. The study has shown that during the time the cooperation within the field of foreign and security policy have developed it is possible to see that supranational institutions will gain influence when the scope of integration within a policy area widens and deepens.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan graden av extraversion och narcissism, och hur man använder Facebook. I studien deltog 114 ungdomar, varav 70 kvinnor och 44 män. För skattning av extraversion användes en del av NEO-FFI. För skattning av narcissism användes delar av NPI. Ett eget instrument konstruerades för skattning av aktivitet på Facebook. Statistisk metod var ANCOVA och korrelationstest. Signifikanta samband uppvisades mellan extraversion och hög grad av aktivitet på Facebook. Extroverta personer hade fler vänner och foton, samt använde chatt- och evenemangsfunktionen mer. Narcissistiska personer skattade den egna profilbild som mer attraktiv. / The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of extraversion and narcissism, and Facebook usage. In the study 114 adolescents participated, 70 women and 44 men. One part of the NEO-FFI was used to estimate the level of extraversion. Parts of the NPI were used to estimate the level of narcissism. A new test was constructed for Facebook usage. ANCOVA and correlational tests were used. There was a significant correlation between extraversion and high level of Facebook usage. Extrovert individuals had more friends and photos, and used the functions for chat and events more frequently. Narcissistic individuals estimated their profile picture as more attractive.

<p>Color, Hygiene, and Body Politics: French Neo-Impressionist Theories of Vision and Volition, 1870-1905, explores the little studied "pragmatic" dimension of Neo-Impressionist theory and practice to reveal the full social and political import of Divisionist technique. Specifically, it examines how Neo-Impressionist painters such as Georges Seurat (1859-1891), Paul Signac (1863-1935), and Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), as well as their anarchist allies, applied artistic and political tenets to their daily practices, including hygienic habits and medical treatments. Neo-Impressionist Divisionism was based on a physiological awareness that the balanced use of three optical nerves generated a sense of harmony. By examining the ethical aspects of neuro-psychological color theories in nineteenth-century Europe, this research demonstrates that this awareness was not merely a matter of optics, but a part of the prevalent socio-ethical discourse of energy efficiency. </p><p>The first chapter, "Color Perception and Mental Labor: Divisionism and the Ethic of Nineteenth-Century Neuro-psychology," examines the history of nineteenth-century neuro-psychology to address how, in the fields of art and science, color perception was identified as an action. The chapter focuses on widespread neuro-psychological notions of "reflex theory," "nervous fatigue," and "homeostasis," all of which regulated the Neo-Impressionist concept of color harmony. Illuminating the Neo-Impressionist neural ethic, this chapter focuses on the behavioral phase of the Neo-Impressionist aesthetics neglected by previous studies. </p><p>The second chapter, "Neuro-psychological Space in Color and Dynamism," explores how this behavioral discourse was visualized in Neo-Impressionist painterly space. Contrary to Kantian a priori space, prominent theorists, such as Taine, Spencer, and Ribot who influenced the Neo-Impressionists, upheld the idea of dynamic space. As the raison d'être for this new space resided in the dynamic interaction between the self and the world, action became fundamental to its formation. Color in such new spaces was the perceptual bedrock, since optical nerves defined external objects chiefly as color. This chapter underscores the connection between dynamism and color in painterly space, through which the viewer could voluntarily engage with the world. </p><p>The third chapter, "Therapeutic Color and the Neo-Impressionists' Daily Practices," delves into the Neo-Impressionists' health-related pursuits including their commitment to hydrotherapy, color therapy, and homeopathy, all associated with an ecological concern for the equilibrium between the self and the environment. This comprehensive examination reveals an overlooked behavioral aspect of Neo-Impressionist theory, which was a critical dimension of their world-view that sought to merge art and life. The first section examines the artists' commitment to bathing and hydrotherapy through an analysis of the art and writings of Camille Pissarro and his anarchist allies. The second part examines the theory of color therapy developed by Dr. Paul Ferdinand Gachet, and his impact on the Neo-Impressionists. In the final section, I consider the broader implications of the Neo-Impressionist embrace of homeopathic practices with reference to a theory of ecological equilibrium.</p> / Dissertation